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Domestication and proliferation of algae cultures for boosting efficiency of waste-water treatment through symbiosis

László Tolner András J. Kovács Imre Tolner Zsolt Méhes

Publication Name: Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering

Publication Date: 2018-05-16

Volume: 62

Issue: 3

Page Range: 292-298

Description:

Native algae strains have been domesticated and stimulated in activated sludge wastewater treatment operations. The term of domestication indicates that we did not add any selected algae to the wastewater, but made use of species existing in the system. The term of proliferation indicates a stimulation of the biological oxidation process by provision of CO2 with the air stream and illumination of the reactor. The idea of domestication of algae present in communal wastewater systems was demonstrated. Stimulation of the system with domesticated algae community did improve efficiency of the treatment process. Removal of organic components in terms of reduction of chemical and biological oxidation demands (dissolved COD, BOD) as well as nitrogen and phosphorous contents was superior to extent of removal in conventional activated sludge system. We did conclude that conventional systems lack available light and carbon resources for these microorganisms. Upon providing these, symbiotic operation can contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increase of the rate of pollutants removal kinetics. Symbiotic operation increased the production of biomass expressed in terms of total suspended solids. Biodiesel potential of the filterable biomass was in the range of 8-18%. Because of technical difficulties in manipulation of the excess sludge other than biodiesel synthesis processing scheme has been recommended for economically viable processing.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3311/PPch.11096

Data-Driven Pavement Performance: Machine Learning-Based Predictive Models

Nurullah Bektaş Mohammad Fahad

Publication Name: Applied Sciences Switzerland

Publication Date: 2025-04-01

Volume: 15

Issue: 7

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Featured Application: This research provides effective methodology for pavement performance predictions using the data obtained from finite element analysis and merging it with machine learning algorithms. Traditional methods for predicting pavement performance rely on complex finite element modelling and empirical equations, which are computationally expensive and time-consuming. However, machine learning models offer a time-efficient solution for predicting pavement performance. This study utilizes a range of machine learning algorithms, including linear regression, decision tree, random forest, gradient boosting, K-nearest neighbour, Support Vector Regression, LightGBM and CatBoost, to analyse their effectiveness in predicting pavement performance. The input variables include axle load, truck load, traffic speed, lateral wander modes, asphalt layer thickness, traffic lane width and tire types, while the output variables consist of number of passes to fatigue damage, number of passes to rutting damage, fatigue life reduction in number of years and rut depth at 1.3 million passes. A k-fold cross-validation technique was employed to optimize hyperparameters. Results indicate that LightGBM and CatBoost outperform other models, achieving the lowest mean squared error and highest R² values. In contrast, linear regression and KNN demonstrated the lowest performance, with MSE values up to 188% higher than CatBoost. This study concludes that integrating machine learning with finite element analysis provides further improvements in pavement performance predictions.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/app15073889

Calcium oscillations in fertilized pig oocytes are associated with repetitive interactions between STIM1 and ORAI1

Chi Hong Chao Lu Zhang Zoltan Machaty Agnes Bali Papp Laurie A. Jaeger

Publication Name: Biology of Reproduction

Publication Date: 2018-04-01

Volume: 98

Issue: 4

Page Range: 510-519

Description:

The Ca 2+ entry mechanism that sustains the Ca 2+ oscillations in fertilized pig oocytes was investigated. Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) and ORAI1 proteins tagged with various fluorophores were expressed in the oocytes. In some cells, the Ca 2+ stores were depleted using cyclopiazonic acid (CPA); others were inseminated. Changes in the oocytes' cytosolic free Ca 2+ concentration were monitored, while interaction between the expressed fusion proteins was investigated using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). Store depletion led to an increase of the FRET signal in oocytes co-expressing mVenus-STIM1 and mTurquoise2-ORAI1, indicating that Ca 2+ release was followed by an interaction between these proteins. A similar FRET increase in response to CPA was also detected in oocytes co-expressing mVenus-STIM1 and mTurquoise2-STIM1, which is consistent with STIM1 forming punctae after store depletion. ML-9, an inhibitor that can interfere with STIM1 puncta formation, blocked store-operated Ca 2+ entry (SOCE) induced by Ca 2+ add-back after a CPA treatment; it also disrupted the Ca 2+ oscillations in fertilized oocytes. In addition, oocytes overexpressing mVenus-STIM1 showed high-frequency Ca 2+ oscillations when fertilized, arguing for an active role of the protein. High-frequency Ca 2+ oscillations were also detected in fertilized oocytes co-expressing mVenus-STIM1 and mTurquoise2-ORAI1, and both of these high-frequency Ca 2+ oscillations could be stopped by inhibitors of SOCE. Importantly, in oocytes co-expressing mVenus-STIM1 and mTurquoise2-ORAI1, we were also able to detect cyclic increases of the FRET signal indicating repetitive interactions between STIM1 and ORAI1. The results confirm the notion that in pig oocytes, SOCE is involved in the maintenance of the repetitive Ca 2+ transients at fertilization.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy016

Noise Reduction Methods in the Vehicle Industry: Using Vibroacoustic Simulation for Sustainability

Ambrus Zelei Krisztián Horváth

Publication Name: Chemical Engineering Transactions

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 114

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 763-768

Description:

To achieve sustainability goals, such as greenhouse gas emissions and environmental noise reduction, continuous innovation plays a key role in the vehicle industry. The noise emitted by vehicles negatively impacts both the environment and public health, making the development of noise reduction strategies crucial. Vibroacoustic simulation methodologies provide an opportunity to optimise vehicle power transmission systems by reducing the emitted noise level. Besides, the energy efficiency and performance of the vehicles can be improved by vibroacoustic simulations. In this research, a vibroacoustic simulation methodology is presented, focusing on the power transmission systems of vehicles. This approach integrates the Finite Element Method and Multibody Dynamics simulations with vibroacoustics to identify and redesign noisy components even during the conceptual design stage. This approach tackles the challenge of high-frequency tonal noise for electric vehicles, using psychoacoustic reviews to enhance passenger comfort. Key tasks involve electromagnetic force analysis in the drivetrain, structural vibration simulations, and noise reduction strategy optimisation using machine learning algorithms to reduce the reliance on physical prototypes. Capturing the current momentum of the industry, machine learning capabilities in vibroacoustic models can help engineers identify sources and eliminate or mitigate noise in the early design phase. Reducing the number of prototypes leads to more sustainable design processes. Our study shows the noise level can be reduced by 3-5 dB. This is particularly important in the context of electric vehicles, where high-frequency tone noise should be reduced, benefiting both passengers and their environment. Improving these factors is in line with the goals of the United Nations and improves the quality of urban life. Our research highlights the importance of vibroacoustic simulation and opens new directions in the field of noise reduction, promoting the spread of sustainable transport solutions.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3303/CET24114128

Examining the impact of Islamic work ethics on employee voice behavior: mediating effect of felt obligation for constructive change and moderating role of sanctification of work

Muhammad Irshad Um e. Rubbab Sidra Abid Md Billal Hossain Faisal Ejaz Sarmad Ejaz

Publication Name: Cogent Psychology

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 11

Issue: 1

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

There has been an increase in ethical misconduct among employees of service organizations which has fostered the need for awareness about such ethical practices that may promote employees’ constructive behaviors. The current study aims to extend the work on Islamic work ethics by studying its impact on influencing employee voice behavior through the underlying link of employee felt obligation for constructive change. It is proposed that employee sanctification may further serve as a boundary condition and enhance the positive relationship between Islamic work ethics and felt obligation for constructive change. Data (n = 343) felt obligation for constructive change, and both dimensions of voice behavior were collected from employees working in the health sector of Pakistan in three-time lags through questionnaires. Results of the study supported the mediation of felt obligation for constructive change between Islamic work ethics and employee voice behavior. Employee sanctification moderates the relationship between Islamic work ethics and felt obligation for constructive change. The findings of the study provide theoretical and practical implications. Limitations of the research and future directions have also been discussed.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2024.2348860

Some legal and social challenges of precision medicine in the age of "big genomic data"

Nogel Mónika

Publication Name: Informacios Tarsadalom

Publication Date: 2022-01-01

Volume: 22

Issue: 3

Page Range: 39-60

Description:

The purpose of this study is to describe the model of precision medicine and to analyze the challenges that this faces in the era of "big genomic data". The article discusses how it is possible to ensure the genetic data needs of precision medicine and what are the potential factors that hinder this goal.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.22503/inftars.XXII.2022.3.3

On the Selection the Rule Membership Functions and Fuzzy Rule Interpolation

Ferenc Lilik Brigita Sziova Szonja Krisztina Szujo Laszlo T. Koczy Szilvia Nagy

Publication Name: Studies in Computational Intelligence

Publication Date: 2022-01-01

Volume: 959

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 111-118

Description:

In many real physical systems based fuzzy inference systems the rulebase is sparse thus interpolation or the change of the shape of the rules become necessary if the rulebase parameters are selected according to physical parameters of the systems. Often measurements contain noise and outlines which can draw the statistics of the measured data. In the present article based on two independent examples, namely telecommunication line evaluation and colonoscopy image processing, we study the effect of the selection of the rulebase parameters on the effectiveness of stabilized fuzzy KH interpolation.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-74970-5_13

Maxwhere 3D capabilities contributing to the enhanced efficiency of the trello 2D management software

Ildiko Horvath

Publication Name: Acta Polytechnica Hungarica

Publication Date: 2019-01-01

Volume: 16

Issue: 6

Page Range: 55-71

Description:

This paper presents an experiment comparing the number of user operations and effectiveness of digital workflow in different cases. The main goal of this study is to systematically compare the effectiveness of Trello collaborative project management software in Windows 2D operating system and on the MaxWhere 3D VR platform. All comparisons are made based on a novel framework that focuses on both quantitative and qualitative assessments of user interactions required for the completion of digital projects within different computational environments. The results of the experiment, evaluated in terms of the proposed framework, point to the conclusion that when using Trello in conjunction with MaxWhere’s 3D VR spaces, users are able to accomplish the same digital workflows with 72% less elementary user operations, and with 80% less time spent on overview-related tasks. In the 3D experiment, the value of the Monitoring Density metric introduced in this paper increased almost 300-fold, from 125 to 3125. Based on these results, the paper concludes that the MaxWhere 3D VR platform offers project managers a number of ways to accomplish tasks that would otherwise require extremely complicated digital workflows in more traditional 2D environments.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.12700/APH.16.6.2019.6.5

Analysis of the Correlation Between Electric Bus Charging Strategies and Carbon Emissions from Electricity Production

Szabolcs Kocsis Szurke Gábor Saly Roland Pál

Publication Name: World Electric Vehicle Journal

Publication Date: 2025-04-01

Volume: 16

Issue: 4

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Reducing carbon dioxide emissions in transportation has become a priority for achieving emission targets. Transitioning to electric vehicles significantly decreases global CO2 emissions and reduces urban noise and air pollution. The selection of efficient charging strategies for electric bus fleets substantially influences their environmental impact. This study analyzes the charging strategy for electric bus fleets based on real operational data from Győr, Hungary. It evaluates the impact of different charging times and strategies on CO2 emissions, considering the energy mixes of Hungary, Poland, Germany, and Sweden. A methodology has been developed for defining sustainable and environmentally friendly charging strategies by incorporating operational conditions as well as daily, monthly, and seasonal fluctuations in emission factors. Results indicate substantial potential for emission reduction through the recommended alternative charging strategies, although further studies regarding battery lifespan and economic feasibility of infrastructure investments are recommended. The novelty of this work lies in integrating real charging data with hourly country-specific emission intensity values to assess environmental impacts dynamically. A comparative framework of four charging strategies provides quantifiable insights into emission reduction potential under diverse national energy mixes.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/wevj16040240