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Found 6412 publications

Interactive Effects of Tillage, Nitrogen Fertilisation, and Herbicide Management: Impacts on Soil CO2 Emissions and Agroecosystem Dynamics in a Maize Production

Viktoria Vona G. Pinke István Mihály Kulmány Laszló Bede Sándor Zsebő Dávid Stencinger Bálint Horváth Agampodi Gihan Shyamal Dharmendra De Silva Jabir Ali Abdinoor Gergő Hegedüs Zainulabdeen Khalaf Hashim Bahar Makbule Temeltürk Emőke Ruzsics Áron Licskai

Publication Name: Soil Systems

Publication Date: 2026-02-01

Volume: 10

Issue: 2

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Agriculture must balance productivity with greenhouse gas emissions, biodiversity, and resource concerns. This study examined how tillage (conventional, CT; minimum, MT), nitrogen fertilisation (0–221 kg N ha−1), and herbicide rates (0–100%) interactively affected soil CO2 emissions, vegetation vigour, and weed diversity in maize production during 2022. A factorial experiment was conducted on a 1 ha with 40 plots monitored soil temperature, moisture, penetration resistance, normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI), weed diversity (Simpson’s Index), and CO2 emissions (closed-chamber method). Minimum tillage increased soil water retention (9.3 ± 6.5% vs. 5.4 ± 4.3%), soil temperature (28.0 ± 1.5), and compaction (0.6 ± 0.3 vs. 0.1 ± 0.0 MPa), while enhancing weed diversity (0.53–0.80 vs. 0.38–0.67). MT produced higher CO2 emissions than CT, especially at 147 kg N ha−1 (49.9 ± 15.7 vs. 29.1 ± 11.6 μmol m−2 s−1), peaking under MT-147 kg N ha−1-H75 (79.4 ± 1.2 μmol m−2 s−1). NDVI responses varied between tillage systems; under CT, vegetation vigour peaked at 75% herbicide application, while under MT vegetation was more responsive to nitrogen and more sensitive to herbicide, highlighting nitrogen × herbicide interaction trade-offs. Overall, MT enhanced water conservation and weed diversity but increased short-term CO2 emissions. This study reports first-year, site-specific results from an ongoing multi-year field experiment; therefore, the findings were interpreted as short-term, season-specific responses. This highlights the need for site-specific, climate-smart management that integrates emissions, soil health, biodiversity, and productivity.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/soilsystems10020026

Sensitivity analysis of the weighted generalized mean aggregation operator and its application to fuzzy signatures

Adam Bukovics Istvan A. Harmati Laszlo T. Koczy

Publication Name: IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems

Publication Date: 2014-09-04

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 1327-1332

Description:

In this paper we give bounds on the changing of the weighted generalized mean in terms of vector norms of the changing of the variables. Applying this result we characterize the sensitivity of fuzzy signatures which equipped with weighted generalized mean operators in their nodes. Finally, a practical example from civil engineering is also examined.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1109/FUZZ-IEEE.2014.6891814

A Framework for Effective Virtual Commissioning: Guiding Principles for Seamless System Integration

Adam B. Csapo Norbert Szántó Richárd Korpai

Publication Name: Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing

Publication Date: 2024-08-01

Volume: 8

Issue: 4

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Virtual commissioning (VC), defined as the simulation and testing of systems in a virtual environment before physical implementation, plays a key role in addressing the challenges of integrating and validating complex systems efficiently and effectively. This paper focuses on the topic of virtual commissioning, summarizing and organizing existing research in the field. The paper provides a comprehensive overview of various design methods and technologies currently in use. A case study of virtual commissioning is also presented within the area of the Cyber-Physical Manufacturing Systems Laboratory of the Széchenyi István University, detailing the solution steps taken. Drawing on both research and practical experience, the paper proposes a novel framework to support virtual commissioning design, referred to as the “Virtual Commissioning House” (VCH). The methodology is evaluated through comparisons with existing virtual commissioning solutions, demonstrating its effectiveness.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/jmmp8040165

Validation of finite element connection modeling by comparison of experimental and virtual power injection methods

Dániel Feszty Marcell Treszkai David Sipos

Publication Name: Journal of Vibroengineering

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 25

Issue: 1

Page Range: 209-225

Description:

There are several ways to obtain the matrix of damping loss factors and coupling loss factors for Statistical Energy Analysis. The most recent approach is Virtual SEA, where the Power Injection Method is performed virtually on a finite element model. In order to validate this approach, the most common connection types are investigated in this paper through an L-junction of two coupled steel plates. Virtual SEA and experimental Power Injection Method results are compared in a bent, line welded, superglued and spotwelded variants. The respective finite element connection representation is also validated during the comparison. It was found that with the correct simulation setup, Virtual SEA provides good agreement with the experimental results. In case of the spotwelded variants, further investigations were necessary regarding the parameters of the connection. The influence of these parameters was evaluated and the greatest source of deviations in the results is found.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.21595/jve.2022.22754

Molecular phylogeny of the operculated land snail family Pupinidae (Caenogastropoda, Cyclophoroidea) in mainland Southeast Asia

Somsak Panha Chirasak Sutcharit Barna Páll-Gergely Parin Jirapatrasilp Chi Tse Lee Elisa Becher Piyoros Tongkerd Bernhard Hausdorf

Publication Name: Zoologica Scripta

Publication Date: 2025-07-01

Volume: 54

Issue: 4

Page Range: 526-547

Description:

The operculated land snail family Pupinidae from mainland Southeast Asia has been systematically revised based on shell morphology. Despite previous morphological studies, the evolutionary relationships within this family remained unclear. This study represents the first comprehensive molecular phylogeny of this snail group, utilising two mitochondrial (COI and 16S rRNA) and two nuclear (5.8S rRNA + ITS2 and 28S rRNA) genetic markers. Additionally, we conducted phylogenetic analyses of Pupina species from 1106 loci generated through double-digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq). It turned out that Southeast Asian Pollicaria emerged as a sister clade to Central American Aperostoma of the Megalomastomatidae, leading to the resurrection of the Pollicariidae. Among the remaining pupinid genera, Tortulosa was nested within the Coptocheilus clade, while Pupina and Pupinella were not monophyletic. The previously recognised Pupina arula species group was found to be monophyletic and was reclassified into Tylotoechus (formerly a Pupina subgenus), based on distinctive conchological characters such as an extending parietal tooth from a parietal callus and a wide, outward-curving posterior canal. However, some Pupina and Tylotoechus species were not retrieved as monophyletic, suggesting the presence of multiple ‘cryptic species’. Divergence time estimation indicated that the Pupinidae split could date back to the Late Triassic to Early Cretaceous, with the first diversification of pupinid genera occurring during the Middle Jurassic and Early Cretaceous. This successful reconstruction of a robust phylogeny using ddRADseq loci demonstrates the significant potential of RADseq techniques in elucidating the evolutionary relationships of deeply divergent taxa. Further studies incorporating the type species Tylotoechus destructus and Pupina keraudrenii are necessary to justify the usage of these genera.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12727

Biostimulant properties of cyanobacterial hydrolysate related to polyamines

Guiseppina Pace Pereira Lima Gilda Mógor Átila Francisco Mógor Zoltán Molnár Vince Ördög

Publication Name: Journal of Applied Phycology

Publication Date: 2018-02-01

Volume: 30

Issue: 1

Page Range: 453-460

Description:

Developing new and natural sources of plant growth promotors is essential to ensure the safe and sustainable production of vegetables for human consumption. In recent years, the potential of microalgae as plant biostimulants has been investigated. Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina platensis) biomass is a recognized protein source and its enzymatic hydrolysis contains molecules such as polyamines with potential to promote plant growth. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the biostimulant properties of hydrolyzed biomass of A. platensis. Bioassays were performed to determine auxin-like and cytokinin-like bioactivity of the hydrolysates. In addition, its effect on lettuce seedling growth was investigated and an organic system field trail performed where yield and free polyamine levels in leaves quantified. The hydrolysates had a cytokinin-like effect in the bioassay. Foliar applications promoted the growth of lettuce seedlings with the 4-h reaction hydrolysate (Sph4) being the most effective at promoting growth and increasing the spermine content by 64% in the lettuce leaves. The polyamine concentration was also compared in non-hydrolyzed A. platensis and Sph4. Hydrolysis resulted in a 34% increase in spermine content. It was concluded that Sph4 is a natural plant growth promoter that can be used as a raw material for biostimulants, and spermine could be an active compound and a metabolic indicator of Sph4 bioactivity.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/s10811-017-1242-z

Extension of the Multi-TP Model Transformation to Functions with Different Numbers of Variables

Peter Baranyi

Publication Name: Complexity

Publication Date: 2018-01-01

Volume: 2018

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

The tensor product (TP) model transformation defines and numerically reconstructs the Higher-Order Singular Value Decomposition (HOSVD) of functions. It plays the same role with respect to functions as HOSVD does for tensors (and SVD for matrices). The need for certain advantageous features, such as rank/complexity reduction, trade-offs between complexity and accuracy, and a manipulation power representative of the TP form, has motivated novel concepts in TS fuzzy model based modelling and control. The latest extensions of the TP model transformation, called the multi- and generalised TP model transformations, are applicable to a set functions where the dimensionality of the outputs of the functions may differ, but there is a strict limitation on the dimensionality of their inputs, which must be the same. The paper proposes an extended version that is applicable to a set of functions where both the input and output dimensionalities of the functions may differ. This makes it possible to transform complete multicomponent systems to TS fuzzy models along with the above-mentioned advantages.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1155/2018/8546976

Descriptive Markers for the Cognitive Profiling of Desktop 3D Spaces

Adam B. Csapo Anna Sudar

Publication Name: Electronics Switzerland

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 12

Issue: 2

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

3D virtual reality spaces, whether running on desktop environments or on immersive displays, have been noted to support a radically new and highly stimulating way of working with digital content in a variety of application domains. At the same time, research in recent decades has produced a number of experimental results showing that the use of 3D, as opposed to 2D interfaces, can lead to performance improvements from a wide range of aspects, including the ability to comprehend and retain knowledge, ability to work collaboratively in more creative and effective ways, and ability to carry out workflows integrating numerous sources of information in less time. In this paper, we first review the relevant literature; then, we describe an exploratory study that we carried out with test subjects, both in a 3D desktop virtual environment and in a 2D web-based environment, while collecting eye tracking data. In the study, subjects were presented with a set of multimedia content on a range of topics within the field of astronomy, based on which they were subsequently asked to fill out a set of questionnaires. By comparing the 2D and 3D cases in terms of correctness of answers, time taken to perform the task, pupil dilation measurements, subjects’ self-reported difficulty assessments, as well as various kinds of high-level interaction patterns employed during the task (in 3D), we were able to identify a set of descriptive markers which may be relevant to the prediction of users’ effectiveness in virtual reality workspaces. In a weaker sense, the results also seem to support previous research works claiming improved effectiveness in 3D spaces compared to 2D web-based interfaces, although further work is needed to more clearly identify the constraints within which such benefits can be guaranteed.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/electronics12020448

Rolling Contact fatigue Defects and a New Approach to Rail Material Management

Éva Lublóy Zoltán Major Szigeti Cecília Róbert Horváth

Publication Name: Acta Polytechnica Hungarica

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 22

Issue: 4

Page Range: 227-246

Description:

This article describes the current method of calculating the Hertzian contact stress and the corresponding shear stress occurring in the rail head at the rail-wheel contact and highlights the false sense of security that this approach creates among experts. The authors then present a method that is easy to implement in spreadsheet software and provides realistic results. In light of the results obtained, it is shown that it is not possible to prevent defects induced by the occurring stresses but only to keep them within limits by means of rail machining, which is a realistic objective, without significantly limiting the throughput capacity of the railway track. The combined effects of rail machining and natural wear cause the cross-sectional area and inertia and thus, the load-bearing capacity of the rails to decrease continuously. If the limit is exceeded, the rails may be installed again in less heavily used track sections and continue functioning. At the end of their service life, the track owner sells them as used rail scrap. If possible, recasting them as electro-steels, can significantly reduce the production costs and the amount of CO2 emitted during production.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: DOI not available