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Found 6412 publications

Counterhegemony: Radical Economics and the Appeal of State Socialism in Cold War Era Nigeria (1946–1990)

Adam Mayer

Publication Name: International Journal of African Historical Studies

Publication Date: 2021-01-01

Volume: 54

Issue: 3

Page Range: 377-397

Description:

Normative state socialist economic theory appeared in the mid-1920s with Soviet economist Preobrazhensky. In Nigeria, many economic thinkers were influenced by Soviet and other Eastern European economic theory during the Cold War years. Bala Usman and Segun Osoba focused on the destruction of feudal land law and on delinking from the capitalist world economy; Bade Onimode and Ola Oni on emulating state socialist Eastern European economic theory and practice in an effort to overcome structural underdevelopment; Claude Ake in his Marxist phase made use of the Hungarian economist Tamás Szentes’s heterodox socialist development theory that the latter developed while the two were colleagues at the University of Dar-es-Salaam in Tanzania. Nigeria’s oil incomes were to be used in all these plans to kick-start heavy industry in the country. As the USSR’s alternative globalization path disappeared and then the Nigerian compradores’ share of profits grew by the early 21st century, interest in these radical classics reappeared in Nigeria.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: DOI not available

Systems engineering in automotive product development: A guide to initiate organisational transformation

Dániel Feszty Tibor Dőry Tamás Kolossváry

Publication Name: Journal of Open Innovation Technology Market and Complexity

Publication Date: 2023-12-01

Volume: 9

Issue: 4

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Systems Engineering (SE) is an engineering method that has rarely been applied in Automotive Product Development, despite its noticeable positive effects in other engineering fields. With increasing interests, firms and scholars have started to discover its impact in the segment, however internal hurdles appear when it comes to implementation practices at organisations across the industry. This paper presents a comprehensive guideline, results and good practices on the SE implementation, developed in Formula SAE (FSAE), which is a relevant model environment of automotive industry. The impact of applying SE show project results improvement in cost, time and quality aspects, although, the maturity of SE should be assessed at the system of systems level. Outcomes gained from FSAE have been validated by in-depth interviews with SE experts, engineers and managers affiliated at technical development departments of 4 different automotive OEMs. These practitioners provide evaluated practices as employee involvement, applying learning by doing, and playing with architectures relevant and feasible in industrial setting, however emphasized expected impeding factors as sluggishness and general resistance to organisational changes.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/j.joitmc.2023.100160

Viability of bifidobacteria in soft-frozen ice cream supplemented with a Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall product

T. Andok László Varga

Publication Name: Acta Alimentaria

Publication Date: 2018-09-01

Volume: 47

Issue: 3

Page Range: 387-392

Description:

The purpose of this research was to monitor the changes during storage in survival of bifidobacteria in a soft-frozen ice cream supplemented with a yeast cell wall-based product claimed to contribute to the functioning of the immune system. An ice cream mix was prepared and pasteurised. After overnight aging at 4 °C, it was inoculated with Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bb-12. Two batches of the mix were supplemented with a commercial Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall product at 2.0% and 4.0% (w/w), whereas a third batch was left unsupplemented and served as control. The final mixes were frozen, and the three products were stored at –13 °C for 7 days. The ice creams contained viable bifidobacteria cells at levels exceeding 106 CFU g–1 throughout the storage period. Although the yeast supplement decreased the loss of viability of bifidobacteria during frozen storage of ice creams, it imparted a slightly bitter off-flavour to the samples and it also negatively influenced the original white colour of the product, thereby necessitating further work to develop flavoured varieties of the Saccharomyces cell wall-containing synbiotic ice cream.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1556/066.2018.47.3.15

An attempt to categorize Hungarian community currencies

Eszter Szemerédi

Publication Name: Deturope

Publication Date: 2018-01-01

Volume: 10

Issue: 1

Page Range: 144-159

Description:

Since the emergence of complementary currencies in the 1980s there have been numerous attempts to classify them, despite that the terms local currency, community currency and many others describing place-based monetary tools are not considered similarly by scholars. The local currencies take many forms, and local governments play different roles in their emergence and development. In Hungary there has been an increasing attention and discussion around the idea of implementing these alternative monetary tools. There is a growing number of working complementary currencies in Hungary, but academic research focuses mostly on whether these can contribute to the local development and what kind of effects they have. The aim of this paper is to present a possible categorization of Hungarian complementary currencies based on the role local governments played in their implementation. I evaluate whether these community currencies are effective at first, and attempt to categorize them based on their purpose, association form and their relationships with local governments, with the purpose of increasing awareness for these initiatives in the process of policy-making.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.32725/det.2018.009

Comparison of Coupled Electrochemical and Thermal Modelling Strategies of 18650 Li-Ion Batteries in Finite Element Analysis—A Review

Bence Csomós Szabolcs Kocsis Szurke Denes Fodor

Publication Name: Materials

Publication Date: 2023-12-01

Volume: 16

Issue: 24

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

The specificities of temperature-dependent electrochemical modelling strategies of 18650 Li-ion batteries were investigated in pseudo-2D, 2D and 3D domains using finite element analysis. Emphasis was placed on exploring the challenges associated with the geometric representation of the batteries in each domain, as well as analysing the performance of coupled thermal-electrochemical models. The results of the simulations were compared with real reference measurements, where temperature data were collected using temperature sensors and a thermal camera. It was highlighted that the spiral geometry provides the most realistic results in terms of the temperature distribution, as its layered structure allows for a detailed realisation of the radial heat transfer within the cell. On the other hand, the 3D-lumped thermal model is able to recover the temperature distribution in the axial direction of the cell and to reveal the influence of the cell cap and the cell wall on the thermal behaviour of the cell. The effect of cooling is an important factor that can be introduced in the models as a boundary condition by heat convection or heat flux. It has been shown that both regulated and unregulated (i.e., natural) cooling conditions can be achieved using an appropriate choice of the rate and type of cooling applied.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/ma16247613

Evaluation of fair-faced concrete surfaces using digital image processing

Kitti Karolyfi F. Papp

Publication Name: Proceedings of the 12th Fib International Phd Symposium in Civil Engineering

Publication Date: 2018-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 1003-1010

Description:

In modern architecture concrete is increasingly used as a design feature as well as for its mechanical properties. Therefore, today's concrete architecture is characterized by various forms, textures and high surface quality. The exact determination of the surface quality requirements is crucial for being able to substantiate any deficiencies of the completed surface if necessary. According to the German, Austrian and Hungarian standards there are four concrete classes distinguished based on several aspects, such as porosity, discoloration, texture, etc. However, the standardized assessment methodologies for fair-faced concrete surfaces are mainly based on manual methods and several aspects can be evaluated only subjectively. The goal of the present study is to propose an objective method for the evaluation of the surface void ratio using photogrammetry and digital image processing techniques. The goal of the whole research is to develop an effective assessment method - taking all aspects into account - with which the overall evaluation and classification of the surfaces can be done automatically from one sampling. This method will lead to a quantitative, objective and therefore more reliable evaluation of the surface-quality of fair-faced concrete elements.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: DOI not available

Economic development and economic governance through the example of the city of Gyor

Dávid Fekete

Publication Name: Deturope

Publication Date: 2018-01-01

Volume: 10

Issue: 1

Page Range: 97-115

Description:

Since the 1990s the metropolitan region and its governance has got into the focus of regional science again. Nowadays a newer wave of metropolitan governance is authoritative, which has exceeded the former administrative-territorial planning aspects, and has appeared on the scene as the mechanism of economic development policy. Examining the development stages of regional policy it is well-known that the classical (modern) approach was superseded by the postmodern one. While the national methods applied in the classical period were characterized by strictness, central regulation, indirect regulation of the market (Fordist approach), in the postmodern period flexibility, decentralization and direct regulation have come to the fore (Post-Fordism). In the postmodern period the state level also takes its role in the financing of innovation and research and and development, and the notions of networking and competitiveness are coming more and more to the fore. In this article I analyze these processes through the case study of Gyor. After the theoretical introduction I examine the tools of economic development and economic governance in the Gyor metropolitan region. Activities observed in Gyor can strengthen the view-point that the processes of economic development and economic governance have nowadays been going on in parallel with each other. Moreover, the coordinating activities of local authorities can be observed in the work of organizations that support economic governance. In the course of the research it was also confirmed that built infrastructure can serve as a fundamental condition for the cooperation of network-systems that operate the governance system of a municipality.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.32725/det.2018.006

Corporate governance and sustainability: examining boardroom gender diversity

Wardah Bindabel Vishal Dagar Deepika Krishnan Amar Rao

Publication Name: Management Decision

Publication Date: 2026-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 1-42

Description:

Purpose – This study examines the influence of female directors on corporate environmental performance among the top 250 firms by revenue across 31 countries during 2013–2023. The objective is to assess whether gender diversity in boards enhances environmental outcomes in both developed and developing economies. Design/methodology/approach – The analysis employs panel data estimation methods with board-level characteristics (meetings, attendance and board size) and firm-level financial controls (revenue per share, assets per share, operating cash flow, common equity and price-to-book ratio). Environmental performance is captured through greenhouse gas emissions, validated with Scope 1 and 2 emission measures. Findings – Results indicate a statistically significant negative relationship between female directors and emissions, particularly in developing countries. The evidence highlights that achieving a critical mass of three or more female directors strengthens the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. Research limitations/implications – The findings are based on large firms across multiple countries and may not capture the dynamics of smaller or privately held companies. Future studies could integrate cultural and institutional variables to further explain cross-country differences. Practical implications – The results emphasize the role of gender-diverse boards in advancing corporate environmental strategies, suggesting that policies encouraging female board participation may also drive sustainability goals. Social implications – The study reinforces that gender diversity is not only a social imperative but also a mechanism to address environmental challenges, linking inclusivity with sustainability. Originality/value – This research contributes by demonstrating the environmental value of board gender diversity through multi-country evidence and by identifying the significance of critical mass in enhancing environmental outcomes.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1108/MD-10-2025-3051

Rethinking running biomechanics: a critical review of ground reaction forces, tibial bone loading, and the role of wearable sensors

Vickie Shim Yaodong Gu Gusztáv Fekete Justin Fernandez Liangliang Xiang Zixiang Gao Alan Wang

Publication Name: Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 12

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

This study presents a comprehensive review of the correlation between tibial acceleration (TA), ground reaction forces (GRF), and tibial bone loading, emphasizing the critical role of wearable sensor technology in accurately measuring these biomechanical forces in the context of running. This systematic review and meta-analysis searched various electronic databases (PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, IEEE Xplore, and ScienceDirect) to identify relevant studies. It critically evaluates existing research on GRF and tibial acceleration (TA) as indicators of running-related injuries, revealing mixed findings. Intriguingly, recent empirical data indicate only a marginal link between GRF, TA, and tibial bone stress, thus challenging the conventional understanding in this field. The study also highlights the limitations of current biomechanical models and methodologies, proposing a paradigm shift towards more holistic and integrated approaches. The study underscores wearable sensors’ potential, enhanced by machine learning, in transforming the monitoring, prevention, and rehabilitation of running-related injuries.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1377383