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Found 6412 publications

Health insurance pharmaceutical expenditures in Hungary

István Ágoston Tímea Csákvári Boglárka Eisingerné Balassa

Publication Name: Orvosi Hetilap

Publication Date: 2019-02-01

Volume: 160

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 49-54

Description:

Introduction: In Hungary, health expenditures –especially the question of health insurance subsidies for medicinal products –are becoming increasingly important. Aim: The aim of our analysis is to reveal the state's health insurance expenditure between 2010 and 2016 as well as the amount of health insurance subsidies for medicinal products. Data and methods: Data were derived from the database of the National Health Insurance Fund of Hungary and of the Hungarian Central Statistical Office. During the analysis we examined the period between 2010 and 2016. We analysed the health expenditures in proportion to the gross domestic product (GDP) as well as the changes of drug traffic based on gross consumer prices and those of health insurance subsidies, and also our regional inequalities. When writing the present study, we used descriptive statistical methods. Results: The expenditures of the National Health Insurance Fund of Hungary significantly increased as proportions of the GDP from 5.5% in 2010 to 6.1% in 2016. The health insurance subsidies for medicinal products increased since 2013. The highest health insurance subsidies per 10 000 inhabitants could be seen in Baranya (405 788 HUF/ inhabitant) and Csongrád (384 724 HUF/inhabitant) counties and in Budapest (377 316 HUF/inhabitant). The lowest health insurance subsidies were found in Nógrád (289 168 HUF/inhabitant) and Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg (271 104 HUF/inhabitant) counties. Conclusion: The trends of health and drug expenditure show a growing tendency. We can find significant regional inequalities in case of both the drug traffic based on gross consumer prices and the health insurance subsidies. It would be needed to strengthen the elements of prevention, and to popularize health-conscious lifestyle and doing sports.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1556/650.2019.31394

Evaluation of E-teaching Implementation in Iraqi Universities

Ibrahim Alameri Muneer S.G. Mansoor Naseer Al-Imareen Kadum Ali Ahmed

Publication Name: Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 608

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 735-748

Description:

The education process, which includes teachers and students, as well as the teaching environment in general, has drawn the attention of the education process due to desirable characteristics such as the educational function, which is distinguished by evolution in its performance methods, scalability, coherence, cost savings, and efficiency. Over the last several decades, e-teaching has varied from the traditional education style, where teachers encounter many difficulties while implementing the traditional education style. Researchers have arrived at conclusions regarding the variables that influence teachers’ acceptance of e-teaching by asking respondents to fill out questionnaires, conduct interviews, collect relevant information, and analyze the data obtained. In addition, colleges and universities have been searching for innovative ways to make education readily available to learners and make teaching easier for teachers. Despite the great importance of e-teaching in Iraq to support higher education and human development in contemporary ways, the implementation of e-teaching resists multiple challenges in Iraq. The proposed work can summarize these challenges as the few lecturers and trainers who provide training courses in preparing electronic lectures, information and communications technology infrastructure, electronic lectures and educational materials, tutors, and technical expertise. This paper aimed to identify factors determining the effect of activating e-teaching in Iraq. The research will elaborate on the concept of e-teaching in Iraq and discuss its importance and impacts with significant emphasis on Iraq. The current work concludes that e-teaching in Iraq has made meaningful progress in three universities.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-9225-4_53

Mind the Net: Parental Awareness and State Responsibilities in the Age of Grooming

Enikő Kovács-Szépvölgyi Zsófia Cs. Kiss

Publication Name: Social Sciences

Publication Date: 2025-09-01

Volume: 14

Issue: 9

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

In the digital environment, grooming—classified as a communication-based risk—has shown a steadily increasing frequency in recent years. In Hungary, increasing attention has been directed to the protection of children’s rights in the digital space in alignment with ensuring their online safety, with both parents and the state playing crucial roles in ensuring a safe digital presence. Within this context, the state bears a particular responsibility to educate not only children but also parents. This study explores how public policies and institutional programs in Hungary address the prevention of grooming and the reactive management of this harm through parental awareness. It examines existing measures aimed at expanding knowledge related to prevention and response, based on a qualitative analysis of the normative foundations of the state’s educational obligations and the relevant academic literature. The study relies on questionnaire data collected from parents of children aged 7 to 18 to examine the effectiveness of state measures and parents’ perceptions of them. The findings of the empirical research may support the development of state-led parental education programs and identify current gaps. As such, it can play a guiding role in shaping the direction of a future, large-scale investigation.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/socsci14090506

Global approach of the cesarean section rates

Zoltán Papp Sándor Nagy

Publication Name: Journal of Perinatal Medicine

Publication Date: 2020-01-01

Volume: 49

Issue: 1

Page Range: 1-4

Description:

No description provided

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2020-0463

Better Memory Performance for Images in MaxWhere 3D VR Space than in Website

Borbála Berki

Publication Name: 9th IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Infocommunications Coginfocom 2018 Proceedings

Publication Date: 2018-07-02

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 281-284

Description:

This paper shows that people remember better to an image if it is inserted directly into a 3D virtual space than if it is inserted into a webpage. In our study 22 participants took part, they had to read articles displayed in the MaxWhere virtual collaboration software. The individuals had to answer some basic questions about the articles and then in the memory test they were asked whether they have seen an advertisement. Half of the participants saw the advertisements in the sidebar of the articles, for the other group it has been inserted directly into the virtual space. A better memory performance was recorded when the image was placed in the virtual space.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1109/CogInfoCom.2018.8639956

Longevity analysis of the Pannon White rabbit does

János Posta Zsolt Gerencsér Zsolt Matics G. Mészáros István Nagy

Publication Name: Livestock Science

Publication Date: 2026-05-01

Volume: 307

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

The aim of this study was to analyse the number of kindlings of Pannon White rabbit does, to get information about the risk factors affecting their reproductive performance success and to evaluate the suitability of this trait as a possible selection criterion. The pedigree information was supplied by the experimental farm of the Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, who is responsible for the maintenance of the Pannon White rabbit breed. Total kindling number of 3371 Pannon White rabbit does born from 2000 up to 2022 were used in the analysis. Year-season and number of kits born alive were considered as fixed time dependent effects in the model and they both were significant (P < 0.001). The genetic variance was estimated to calculate the heritability for longevity. To demonstrate the extent of differences within the population, the ten best and worst bucks were compared based on the estimated risk of culling to check genetic differences. As number of kits born alive increased, the culling risk for this parameter decreased. After adjusting for the fixed effects, the estimated heritability of the total kindling number was h2 = 0.14 (s.e. 0.034). The offspring of ten best and ten worst bucks were compared, revealing convincing evidence of principle that selection on this trait has a potential to improve the longevity of the Pannon White rabbits.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2026.105935

A Systematic Analysis of Neural Networks, Fuzzy Logic and Genetic Algorithms in Tumor Classification

Ferenc Lilik Ahmed Al-Ashoor Szilvia Nagy

Publication Name: Applied Sciences Switzerland

Publication Date: 2025-05-01

Volume: 15

Issue: 9

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

This study explores existing research on neural networks, fuzzy logic-based models, and genetic algorithms applied to brain tumor classification. A systematic review of 53 studies was conducted following PRISMA guidelines, covering search strategy, selection criteria, quality assessment, and data extraction. Articles were collected from three scientific databases: Web of Science, Scopus, and IEEE. The review primarily focuses on practical contributions, with most studies emphasizing applications over conceptual insights. Key methods in the field demonstrate significant impact and innovation. Commonly used training and testing mechanisms include dataset splitting, augmentation, and validation techniques, highlighting their widespread adoption for performance evaluation. The analysis of evaluation metrics shows that accuracy and the DICE score are the most frequently used, alongside sensitivity, specificity, recall, and other domain-specific measures. The variety of metrics underscores the need for tailored approaches based on dataset characteristics and research objectives. By highlighting trends, challenges, and research gaps, this review provides actionable insights for advancing BTC research. It offers a comprehensive overview of techniques and evaluation methods to guide future developments in this critical domain.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/app15095186

A Decade in Hijacked Journals: What Will be the Future Trend?

Lóránt Dávid Mehdi Dadkhah Mihály Hegedűs

Publication Name: Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 14

Issue: 4

Page Range: 722-728

Description:

Purpose: Hijacked journals are fraudulent websites that mimic legitimate journals and, by charging authors, publish manuscripts. The current editorial endeavors to provide a close view of current literature. This editorial piece analyzes 10 years of research on hijacked journals and endeavors to shed light on future trends. Methods: Current research uses a bibliometric approach to analyze data and discuss results. The OpenAlex has been used for data collection. Some of the data analysis was conducted using OpenAlex. The other study was done using Bibliometrix, and the date is limited to publication between 2014 and 2024. Results: The findings provide a close view of the published literature in terms of access type, growth, topics, most frequent words, country contribution, top publishers, and alignment of literature with sustainable development goals. Conclusion: The gap in current literature is the limitation in easily usable methods to be accessible by all researchers for hijacked journal detection and data analysis. The use of artificial intelligence can be promising.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.34172/apb.44002

Assessment of digital maturity: the role of resources and capabilities in digital transformation in B2B firms

Marian L. Mocan Lilla Hortovanyi Anita Romanova Robert Hanak Dóra Horváth Roland Zsolt Szabó Iva Vuksanovic Herceg Dragan Djuricin Robert E. Morgan

Publication Name: International Journal of Production Research

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 61

Issue: 23

Page Range: 8043-8061

Description:

Digital transformation is a major organisational challenge for manufacturing firms due to the extremely low success rate of such transformations to date. Capability Maturity theory suggests that firms need to develop digital transformation capability incrementally by focusing on a ‘vital few’ improvement priorities for advancing progress. The practitioner literature lacks empirical studies that validate extant capability maturity models (CMM) for digital transformation despite their importance. Moreover, there is a lack of assessment methods, and those that exist do not specify improvement points explicitly, nor prioritise them. Our research aims to address this gap through a systematic, quantitative analysis of digital capability by understanding the deployment of IT-enabled resources. Based on a sample of 302 manufacturing firms, results indicate that the digital transformation stages are punctuated by various resource-capability combinations. Results highlight that strategy- and organisation-related IT-enabled resources are the key drivers of digital transformation. We also observe that as a firm’s digital capability grows at each maturity stage, successively greater IT-enabled resources are required to support this in a stepwise function. To succeed, firms should be incentivised and supported to think beyond technology and develop five specific digital capabilities simultaneously. We also indicate the limitations that underlie our empirical work.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1080/00207543.2022.2164087