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Analysis of magnetohydrodynamic flow of Jeffrey-Hamel fluid in convergent/divergent channels using the numerical algorithm

Subhan Ullah Dragan Pamucar Walid Emam Dolat Khan Yusra Tashkandy Zeeshan Ali Mohsin Ul Haq

Publication Name: Kuwait Journal of Science

Publication Date: 2026-01-01

Volume: 53

Issue: 1

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

This study explores the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of a Jeffrey-Hamel fluid within a convergent/divergent channel, a scenario relevant to both physical and biological sciences. The flow dynamics between nonparallel inclined walls are governed by highly nonlinear differential equations derived through conservation laws and similarity transformations. By applying similarity transformations, the governing partial differential equations (PDEs) are converted into ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The NDSolve approach is then utilized to obtain numerical solutions for these equations. A comparison with existing methods in the literature confirms the accuracy and reliability of the results. Additionally, the impact of various dimensionless physical parameters, such as the influence of the magnetic parameter, angle alpha, and the Deborah number on the velocity profile is investigated. The parameters angle alpha, Eckert number, and volume friction are examined on the temperature profile, followed by a detailed discussion of the findings.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100479

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND INCOME INEQUALITY: ROLE IN COUNTRY RESISTANCE TO COVID-19

Alina Vysochyna Tetiana Vasylieva Bálint Filep

Publication Name: Economics and Sociology

Publication Date: 2022-01-01

Volume: 15

Issue: 4

Page Range: 286-302

Description:

The pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) significantly slowed economic development and exacerbated income inequality. However, the scale of this destructive influence varies considerably among countries. Thus, the purpose of this study is to identify changes in causality patterns between economic development and income inequality due to COVID-19. To fulfill the task, an Index of Economic Development (IED) is developed using the multivariate analysis tools, Cronbach's alpha and the Fishburn formula. The Gini index was chosen as a core proxy of social inequality. The research covers a sample of 15 European countries. The period of the analysis is 2000-2021. A set of regression equations are constructed to determine the relationship between economic development and income inequality in the studied countries. A dummy variable is integrated into the equation to determine the impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Modeling is carried out on the panel data. The most acceptable functional form of the regression model is clarified based on the Hausman test. Modeling results make it possible to identify patterns of changes in the impact of income inequality on economic development, and vice versa. The change in their causality due to COVID-19 is substantiated.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.14254/2071-789X.2022/15-4/14

The sociodemographic obstacles to participating in lifelong learning across Europe

Péter Róbert

Publication Name: Lifelong Learning in Europe Equity and Efficiency in the Balance

Publication Date: 2012-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 87-102

Description:

No description provided

Open Access: Yes

DOI: DOI not available

Interpretation of disruptive innovation in the era of smart cities of the fourth industrial revolution

Gábor Nick Edit Radács Ferenc Pongrácz

Publication Name: Deturope

Publication Date: 2018-01-01

Volume: 10

Issue: 1

Page Range: 53-70

Description:

The exponential development of information technology and, in this context, the latest generation of open innovation systems result in revolutionary changes in almost every industry as well as in other areas of life. From the automotive industry to the energy sector and to tourism, newcomers emerge everywhere, building on the tools of disruptive innovation, which with earlier unprecedented speeds transform their previous industry power. The essence of the smart city approach is to put the latest tools of technological advancement in serving the social, economic and ecological sustainability of cities' lives for the inhabitants as well as for the enterprises of the city. Industry 4.0 is an imagined future, which in our opinion - in direct or indirect ways - would have a fundamental influence on smart cities and their environment and regions, given that their primary goal is to improve a country's competitiveness. In our study, we review the relevant literature on the definition of and approach to innovation as well as the smart city concept in this new revolutionary age, we demonstrate relevant correlations between the concepts of disruptive innovation, smart city and Industry 4.0.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: DOI not available

Sustainability implications of lateral wander modes for autonomous trucks

Csaba Koren Richárd Nagy Mohammad Fahad

Publication Name: Discover Applied Sciences

Publication Date: 2024-03-01

Volume: 6

Issue: 3

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Autonomous trucks can bring changes in transport infrastructure in terms of sustainability based on the type of lateral wander mode used. In this research, two lateral wander modes, a zero wander and uniform wander mode are analyzed based on their applicability for sustainability by analyzing the CO2 emissions occurred during pavements life cycle. Both lateral wander modes have been analyzed in terms of occurrence of fatigue damage by using finite element analysis in ABAQUS. The fatigue damage predictions have then been used for planning the maintenance interventions for both lateral wander modes. Life cycle analysis has been performed for the analysis period of 30 years for the pavement section of 10 km. Results show that zero wander mode generates more emissions as a result of premature fatigue damage under channelized loading. The uniform wander mode leads to 20% less emissions when compared to zero wander mode. Moreover, the use of full depth reclamation during pavement’s life cycle improves the CO2 emissions by 15% when compared to traditional removal and reconstruction methods. Therefore, the uniform wander mode is favorable for improvement of pavement sustainability in terms of CO2 emissions.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/s42452-024-05732-5

Comparative Methodology of Viscosity-Based Classification and Measurement Techniques for High-Temperature Behaviour of Paving Grade Bitumen

Szabolcs Rosta László Gáspár Zita Szabó

Publication Name: Applied Sciences Switzerland

Publication Date: 2026-03-01

Volume: 16

Issue: 5

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

The accurate determination of the rheological properties of road bitumen types is essential for the reliable prediction of long-term pavement behaviour. At 60 °C, dynamic viscosity is a key rheological parameter characterising the shear-dependent viscoelastic behaviour of bitumen in the temperature range relevant to in-service pavement loading. This study aims to compare different viscosity determination methods—approximations, capillary viscosity, Brookfield measurement and complex viscosity determined by a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR)—and to analyse their relationships with each other in order to find the best method for bitumen classification. Furthermore, the European and Australian bitumen classification standards are compared in terms of dynamic viscosity and penetration, according to which Australian bitumen types show more stable results, as the CV% is less than 10 percent. The study is based on the testing of Hungarian paving-grade bitumens (B50/70, B70/100) and Australian viscosity-graded bitumens (C170, C320), with the comparison of a total of 191 samples obtained from industrial production. The statistical evaluation of the results obtained with the different methods was based on Pearson correlation analysis and relative deviation analysis. The results indicate that the DSR measurement at 1.6 Hz shows the closest agreement with capillary viscosity, with a linear correlation coefficient of 0.95, and exhibits the strongest overall correlation with the other measurement approaches, whereas the Heukelom equation tends to overestimate the dynamic viscosity. The Brookfield method yielded higher viscosity values in all tests. The study highlights that the results of different measurement methods can only be compared under specific shear conditions, and a DSR-based approach can be more suitable for the introduction of a new European bitumen classification system.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/app16052208

Impact of Coordinate System Selection and Model Observability on Position Sensorless State Estimation of Nonsalient-Pole PMSM

Miklós Kuczmann Krisztián Horváth

Publication Name: 2024 IEEE 21st International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference Pemc 2024

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Model observability is essential for the design of state estimators and observers, since the state vector can only be fully reconstructed from the measurements, if the model is observable. However, some research articles do not perform observability analysis and use unobservable models, while the presented results show adequate estimation performance. This paper deals with the impact of observability on the position sensorless state estimation of nonsalient-pole permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM). To show how the observability depends on the chosen coordinate system, observability studies are presented for two widely used nonlinear state-space models given in either the stator or the rotor reference frame. For the stationary reference frame model, a necessary and sufficient observability condition is defined, and it is shown that the model using rotor-oriented variables is unobservable. To point out the limitations of using the unobservable model, comparative simulations are carried out between extended Kalman filters using the models presented.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1109/PEMC61721.2024.10726413

Mechanical and microstructural performances of hot-mix asphalt modified with recycled polyethylene terephthalate

Adewumi John Babafemi Adeyemi Oluwaseun Adeboje Majid Movahedi Rad Akindele Christopher Apata Udeme Udo Imoh Samuel Okikiola Raji

Publication Name: Results in Engineering

Publication Date: 2026-03-01

Volume: 29

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

The increasing accumulation of plastic waste and the persistent durability challenges associated with conventional asphalt pavements have prompted the search for sustainable material modifications. Among potential additives, recycled polyethylene terephthalate (RPET) has emerged as a promising modifier capable of enhancing pavement performance while supporting environmental sustainability. This study investigated the mechanical and microstructural behavior of hot-mix asphalt (HMA) modified with RPET using a drying process. RPET was incorporated at proportions ranging from 0% to 10% of the total mix mass, and the mixtures were evaluated through Marshall stability and flow, uniaxial compressive strength, indirect tensile strength, rutting resistance, dynamic modulus, semi-circular bending, moisture sensitivity, and scanning electron microscopy. Results indicate that RPET significantly improves HMA performance up to an optimal content of 8%. At this dosage, Marshall stability increased from 6.40 to 11.97 kN, while flow decreased from 11.67 to 5.17 mm, demonstrating enhanced stiffness and resistance to permanent deformation. UCS and ITS rose from 1.10 to 1.85 MPa and 0.165 to 0.278 MPa, respectively, and rutting depth declined from 5.0 to 3.0 mm. Additionally, the dynamic modulus increased from 1500 to 2500 MPa, and the SCB increased from 320 to 590 J/m², confirming the enhanced cracking resistance. SEM analysis revealed stronger binder–aggregate interaction at intermediate RPET levels, whereas excessive RPET (10%) caused particle agglomeration and slight performance reductions. The findings show that RPET improves hot mix asphalt mainly through physical reinforcement and microstructural densification, with optimal dosage offering a sustainable way to enhance pavement durability while reducing plastic waste.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2026.109572

The Connections Between Social Media Platforms and Hybridity

Roland Kelemen Ádám Farkas Ádám Farkas

Publication Name: Palgrave Studies in Digital Inequalities

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: Part F742

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 105-123

Description:

The method of hybrid threats and the underlying conceptual framework have been widely investigated again since the second half of the 2000s, following Hezbollah’s tangible military success in Lebanon against the Israel Defense Forces in 2006. This was exacerbated by the activities of the Islamic State, which conducted a sophisticated and rather aggressive marketing campaign, and developed psychological warfare in cyberspace to a high level. Various operations in the context of the Ukrainian crisis and the Russian annexation of Crimea have once again brought hybrid warfare into the spotlight. The hybrid equipments are not new in history, but their success has been obviously enhanced by the development of technology, especially cyberspace and the wide range of opportunities cyberspace offers. Following the Russian–Ukrainian crisis, it has also become clear that hybrid instruments can not only appear as parts of a complex interstate conflict but that some of their elements can be used on their own. Clear examples of this include various disinformation campaigns. In this paper, the authors highlight, through a characterisation of hybrid conflicts, the extent to which the use of soft assets is an immanent part of contemporary military operations. The filtering practices and mechanisms, economic and market perceptions of social media platforms can be used to conduct disinformation campaigns.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-83479-0_6