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Lightweight Solution to Generate Accurate Lanelet Maps †

David Jozsa Gergo Igneczi Matyas Mesics

Publication Name: Engineering Proceedings

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 113

Issue: 1

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

As automated driving technologies become more mature, there is an increasing reliance on digital maps to support safe and efficient driving. Sensors like cameras and radars can be limited by occlusions, lighting conditions, or weather, and often fall short. High-definition (HD) maps offer excellent accuracy, but they are expensive to produce. These limitations make these techniques impractical for large-scale deployment. What makes our approach particularly attractive is its hardware simplicity: the entire process requires only a precise GNSS receiver and a commonly available lane detection camera, eliminating the need for expensive sensors like LiDAR or complex multi-vehicle fleets. We rigorously evaluated our method in a highway environment, where a vehicle equipped with our generated maps successfully executed autonomous lane following and adapted its speed based on detected speed limit signs. The positional deviation of the resulting maps was consistently under 5 cm.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/engproc2025113068

Optimal Elasto-Plastic Analysis of Prestressed Concrete Beams by Applying Residual Plastic Deformation Limitations

Majid Movahedi Rad Sarah Khaleel Ibrahim

Publication Name: Sustainability Switzerland

Publication Date: 2023-04-01

Volume: 15

Issue: 7

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

This work introduces elasto-plastic analysis of prestressed reinforced concrete beams under different prestressing conditions by limiting the residual plastic behaviour inside the steel bars using complementary strain energy. A non-linear optimal method was used to limit residual plastic deformations in steel bars, including prestressed tendons, used to reinforce beams from two previous research investigations. This was considered by using an optimization approach with an objective function to find the maximum loading while applying constraints on the complementary strain energy of residual internal forces in steel elements to control residual plastic deformations. Thus, an elasto-plastic optimization programme was linked to models simulated by ABAQUS, as concrete was calibrated by the concrete damage plasticity (CDP) model. Some variables were considered regarding the force applied inside prestressed tendons and the number of tendons used inside the models. Thus, limits on complementary strain energy affected load values and model damage where an increase in the permissible strain energy value leads to an increase in the corresponding loading values produced; thus, this produces a higher stress intensity in steel and tension-damaged areas in concrete. Based on these data, many comparisons have been made to determine when beams behaved elastically and how they turned into plastic.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/su15075742

On the aggregation functions used in fuzzy signatures based medical image analysis

Ferenc Lilik Melinda Kovacs Laszlo T. Koczy Szilvia Nagy

Publication Name: IEEE 23rd International Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Informatics Cinti 2023 Proceedings

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 409-414

Description:

The paper proposes the use of fuzzy signatures for modeling and analysis of pre-processed medical images, as an example, CT images of the liver are analyzed. Fuzzy signatures are used for the case of distinguishing larger and smaller malignant lesions from each other and from other (benign) nodular diseases in liver computed tomography images. As computed tomography phases are sometimes missing, the treatment of missing data is also briefly addressed. As the size of the malignant lesion influences its manifestation on the images, separate sub-signatures are developed for large and small lesions with the size being a separate layer of the signature. From the medical experts' point of view besides the tree structure of the signature it is crutial to determine the aggregations themselves, which model the ways experts fuse and combine the available information. For the subtrees for small and large lesions in the sub-roots algebraic multiplication seems to be the best fitting t-norm, while in the subtree weighted means.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1109/CINTI59972.2023.10381986

State-dependent predictability of precious metals: The economic role of critical minerals and climate risk

Laszlo Vasa Grzegorz Mentel Bing Zeng Ying Hui

Publication Name: Gondwana Research

Publication Date: 2026-06-01

Volume: 154

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 274-289

Description:

The current study investigates the predictive ability of critical minerals of price returns of precious metals (gold, silver, platinum, and palladium) in presence of different degrees of climate policy uncertainty (CPU). Using a novel Multivariate Quantile-on-Quantile Causality (MQQC) model, we test the predictive dynamics, unconditional and CPU-conditional, in the entire joint return distribution continuum. Predictability, unconditionally, is localized in the tails, i.e. under extreme market conditions, mineral shocks have strong impact but under normal regimes, they have little impact. The tail dependence is indicative of co-production and industrial-demand relationships of silver, platinum, and palladium, but gold mostly maintains its safe-haven property. After the addition of CPU, the predictive effects are stretched out further to the middle of the distribution, indicating wider and more enduring spillovers. In the case of gold, CPU enhances the safety haven demand by augmenting the crucial mineral precious metal co-movements between regimes. In the case of silver, platinum and palladium, CPU increases industrial sensitivities relating to clean-energy use. These findings highlight the twofold contribution of the geological factors in conjunction with policy uncertainty towards price fluctuations, and significance of the findings on resource planning, governance and risk management.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2026.01.007

Legal Risk Assessment of Re-using Building Materials and Elements in Historic Structures

Jolanta Tamošaitienė Ulrike Quapp Klaus Holschemacher

Publication Name: Rilem Bookseries

Publication Date: 2026-01-01

Volume: 64

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 2952-2962

Description:

Construction processes intensively contributes to greenhouse gas emissions worldwide. The resulting climate change affects historic buildings and complicates built heritage preservation. However, there are several actions under way, such as the European Green Deal, to reduce CO2 emissions in construction. Revaluation of existing structures under application of recycled materials and by re-use of available building elements may save resources and thus reduces emission of CO2 in construction industry. This contributes to a more environmentally friendly construction process. Furthermore, re-using of existing building materials or elements may preserve the historical appearance of structures, in the interest of future generations. For production and usage of new building materials and elements, a plethora of legislation and codes needs to be considered. The same applies to re-use of existing building materials and elements which increases the danger for construction defects and thus expensive claims. Thus, beside the advantages, re-using of building materials and elements bears risks to all stakeholders in a construction project. In the interest of avoiding conflicts between the construction contract parties, a legal risk analysis is necessary to support them in decision about the re-use of existing building materials and elements. The authors examined current international, European and German law, codes, and policy dealing with re-use of building materials and elements. Furthermore, they reviewed existing literature about that topic and analyzed relevant court cases of the last twenty years. The conclusion is, that there is a need for a detailed contract specification which kind of existing building elements and materials can be re-used and who takes the responsibility for known or unknown defects under the aspect of liability. The paper provides suggestions under which legal aspects a re-use of building elements may be recommendable and which requirements need to be met.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-13469-1_234

HyMeKo Language: Describing Complex Hypergraph-Like Data

Adam B. Csapo Csaba Hajdu

Publication Name: Acta Polytechnica Hungarica

Publication Date: 2026-01-01

Volume: 23

Issue: 5

Page Range: 227-246

Description:

Numerous applications of computer science — including artificial intelligence, robotics, and cyber-physical systems — rely on highly connected data structures. Such complex information is most naturally and compactly described using a hypergraph-based approach, which enables concise representation of many-to-many relationships. In this paper, we introduce HyMeKo, a formal markup language designed to represent highly connected data based on hypergraph theory. Unlike traditional formats such as XML or JSON, HyMeKo offers a significantly more concise and semantically expressive way to model complex relationships by organizing data into a hypertree-based structure. The language supports template-based modeling and inheritance, enabling reusable, modular, and scalable data descriptions. HyMeKo is implemented as an LALR(1)-compliant language, allowing efficient parsing and transformation of structured data into hypergraphs. We provide a formal definition of the language, its supported operations, and relational rules, along with a comparative analysis demonstrating its syntactic efficiency. Application examples include robotic system descriptions, neural network architectures, and structured LLM prompts. We further present a structural complexity analysis showing that HyMeKo achieves a (k+1)-fold reduction in representational overhead compared to RDF reification for k-ary relationships, and provide an explicit comparison with RDF, OWL, and GraphQL. Reference implementations exist in both Python (PyLark) and Rust (LALRPOP).

Open Access: Yes

DOI: DOI not available

THE PHENOMENON OF STRATEGIC CATALYSTS AND BARRIERS IN EDUCATION TECHNOLOGY ENTREPRENEURSHIP: A MULTI-CASE STUDY AND COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

Wasib Bin Latif Gouranga Chandra Debnath Mohammad Bin Amin Md Abdullah Al Mamun Rubab Salehin

Publication Name: Corporate and Business Strategy Review

Publication Date: 2026-01-01

Volume: 7

Issue: 2

Page Range: 196-204

Description:

Educational technology (EduTech) entrepreneurship in Bangladesh is expanding rapidly, yet growth remains uneven across income and urban-rural divides. Using an exploratory multi-case qualitative design, we compare three leading ventures (10 Minute School, Shikho, and Bohubrihi) through 27 semi-structured interviews and four focus groups, analyzed via reflexive thematic analysis with a hybrid codebook, constant comparison, and an audit trail. Two catalysts consistently supported scale: localized, curriculum-aligned content and cloud/artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled delivery that can lower cost-to-serve and guide learning progression. Two barriers constrained inclusive growth: device/data affordability tied to rural connectivity gaps, and governance/finance frictions that slow partnerships, approvals, and investment pipelines. A comparative lens from Malaysia suggests that coordinated policy rails, teacher professional-development pathways, and programmatic/blended finance can crowd in private capital and accelerate school integration. The study contributes to debates on governance and innovation in the education industry by showing why regulation and data governance shape whether digital learning systems translate into equitable outcomes (Xhafaj et al., 2022; Tridalestari & Prasetyo, 2024).

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.22495/cbsrv7i2art18

Measurement of Pedestrian Targets in Terms of Radar Cross Section

David Jozsa Leticia Pekk Marton Jagicza Gabor Laszlo Toth Denes Fodor

Publication Name: Saci 2023 IEEE 17th International Symposium on Applied Computational Intelligence and Informatics Proceedings

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 363-368

Description:

In terms of vehicle radars, the most important properties of targets are speed, distance, and radar cross section. Based on the Radar Cross Section (RCS), the type of the object can be identified with a good approximation: pedestrian, bicycle, car, truck even in extreme weather conditions. A radar cross section measures the reflectivity of an object and its numerical value is equal to the area of the cross section of a conducting sphere with the same reflectivity. Its value depends on the material and shape of the object, the angle of illumination, and the ratio between the wavelength and the size of the object. The article presents a measurement system for radar targets, the main component of which is an automotive radar. In addition, the evaluation software for the measurement system, which was created in the MATLAB / SIMULINK environment, will be presented. The measurement system was used to perform various measurements on the ZalaZONE Automotive Proving Ground (Zalaegerszeg, HUNGARY), the evaluation of which will be presented. The purpose of the measurements is to collect information about the radar cross-section values of pedestrians at different distances from the vehicle and dummies simulating them. A comparison of different pedestrians is presented. After that, we will show how even if a puppet is formally similar to a pedestrian, the RCS can show a different value.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1109/SACI58269.2023.10158601

Does effective use of maxwhere VR relate to the individual spatial memory and mental rotation skills?

Borbála Berki

Publication Name: Acta Polytechnica Hungarica

Publication Date: 2019-01-01

Volume: 16

Issue: 6

Page Range: 41-53

Description:

Desktop virtual realities are becoming increasingly widespread. Thus, it is important to measure if it can be really a next step in the evolution of computer science. This researched aimed to examine whether there is a relationship between the effectiveness of completing a task in MaxWhere VR and the users’ cognitive characteristics: namely the spatial memory (measured by the Corsi-task) and the mental rotation ability. Thirty-one participants took part in this research and their results showed no relationship between the examined spatial abilities and work effectiveness. For navigating in the virtual space, the built-in CogiNav technology of MaxWhere was used. The participants rated their navigational experience in the virtual environment. There was no statistically significant relationship with the other measured variables. These results suggest that this VR can be used by anyone, independently from their spatial memory or mental rotation skill.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.12700/APH.16.6.2019.6.4