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Temporal and Spatial Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Food Waste Generation in the European Union

A. Zseni András Horváth Gergely Zoltán Macher

Publication Name: Chemical Engineering Transactions

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 121

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 37-42

Description:

The COVID-19 pandemic has had significant socioeconomic and environmental impacts, substantially altering food production, consumption, and waste generation trends across the European Union. This study examines the temporal and spatial fluctuations in food waste generation among European Union member states during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on six key food waste parameters. The data analysis revealed that the total amount of food waste did not undergo significant changes during the 2020-2022 period. The proportion of food waste generated by household activities was the highest in 2021, which aligns with the increased time spent at home by the population. The proportion of food waste from retail and other food distribution channels, as well as restaurants and food services, exhibited a steadily increasing trend over the study period. The detailed results highlight differences in food waste generation dynamics, with varying degrees of impact across European Union countries. This suggests not only differential policy effectiveness, but also the influence of diverse socioeconomic factors, individual and community habits.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3303/CET25121007

Two new species of Monstrobovella from the Oriental region (Acari: Mesostigmata: Urodinychidae)

Sergey G. Ermilov Jenő Kontschán Rita Ábrahám

Publication Name: Systematic and Applied Acarology

Publication Date: 2025-09-01

Volume: 30

Issue: 9

Page Range: 1662-1671

Description:

Currently, only eight species of Monstrobovella are known from Southeast Asia and South America. In this paper, two new and unusual species of Monstrobovella are described from soil samples collected in Southeast Asia. Both species are characterized by the presence of long caudal setae on an elevated part of the dorsal shield. The first species, M. mandalaya sp. nov. from Myanmar, is distinguished by robust and marginally serrate setae on the central area of the dorsal shield. The second species, M. champa sp. nov. from Vietnam, also has very long caudal setae on the dorsal shield, which are twice as long as those of the first species, while the setae on the central area of the dorsal shield are narrow and smooth.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.11158/saa.30.9.8

Do regular exercise, gender, and age influence smartphone addiction? Analyzing screen time and smartphone deprivation symptoms

Angéla Somogyi Neha Pirwani Attila Szabo

Publication Name: Frontiers in Psychology

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 16

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Background: Headless smartphone use, known as smartphone addiction (SA), is associated with mental health issues and behavioral dependencies. While physical activity (PA) has been suggested as a protective factor, research remains inconclusive. The present study examines whether regular exercise influences SA, smartphone deprivation, and daily smartphone screen time while assessing gender and age as risk factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study with 701 participants (392 exercisers, 309 non-exercisers) assessed SA with the Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale (SABAS) and deprivation feelings with the Hungarian Smartphone Withdrawal Symptom Scale (HSWSS). Daily smartphone use was self-reported. Multivariate analysis of covariance examined the effects of exercise status, gender, and age on SA-related variables. Results: Exercise status did not significantly affect SA, deprivation feelings, or screen time (p > 0.05). However, the correlation between SA and smartphone screen time was stronger (p < 0.05) in non-exercisers (r = 0.407) than in exercisers (r = 0.274). Gender and age were significant predictors: females reported higher SA and usage, and younger age was associated with greater SA, deprivation symptoms, and more screen time. Conclusion: While exercise may not reduce SA, exercisers exhibit a weaker link between SA and smartphone use, suggesting less problematic usage, possibly due to more utilitarian (e.g., sports-related) rather than hedonic use. Females report higher SA, feelings of deprivation, and screen time than males, while age correlates with increased SA, feelings of deprivation, and screen time. Future research should examine psychosocial mechanisms and diverse smartphone usage patterns in addiction in connection with exercise behavior.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1586762

Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities of Cassia fistula fungal broth-capped silver nanoparticles

Gusztáv Fekete László Lendvai Kumari Jyoti Devender Arora Tej Singh Gabor Dogossy

Publication Name: Materials Technology

Publication Date: 2021-01-01

Volume: 36

Issue: 14

Page Range: 883-893

Description:

The growing need for sustainable technologies has attracted considerable interest in the synthesis of ecofriendly materials. This paper reports the anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities of sustainable silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) fabricated using endophytic fungus extracted from a medicinal plant, Cassia fistula. Fourier transform-infrared and UV-visible were used for AgNPs characterisation. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, atomic force microscope (AFM), transmission electron microscope and dynamic light scattering analysis revealed that the biosynthesised AgNPs were within the size of ~4–54 nm. The synthesised AgNPs displayed considerable antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia bacterial strains. Additionally, synthesised AgNPs showed significant anti-inflammatory potential.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1080/10667857.2020.1802841

So, What Is Chilling Effect?—(Re)Conceptualizing the Phenomenon of Chilling Effect in the Context of Legal Doctrine and Social Perception

Gergely Gosztonyi Gergely Ferenc Lendvai

Publication Name: Ius Gentium

Publication Date: 2026-01-01

Volume: 137

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 1-17

Description:

The present chapter revisits the concept of the chilling effect, a phenomenon traditionally described as a case where individuals refrain from exercising their rights (particularly freedom of expression) due to perceived risks of legal or institutional repercussions. Although the term originated in U.S. constitutional law, its meaning has expanded across legal systems and disciplines, and it remains conceptually ambiguous and inconsistently applied. The chapter critically examines whether the chilling effect functions primarily as a legal doctrine, a psychological response, or a rhetorical tool—or perhaps all of these combined. The article highlights the tension between legal reasoning, which demands concrete harm and causality, and the anticipatory, often subjective nature of chilling effects. The chapter’s key findings underline that chilling effects rarely result from direct enforcement alone. Rather, they are shaped by overlapping pressures, for instance, legal ambiguity, institutional norms, cultural context, and internalised perceptions of risk. Therefore, we claim that the chilling effect is best understood as a systemic, multidimensional dynamic rather than a discrete legal problem since its impact varies across actors, contexts, and regulatory environments (often affecting marginalised communities more severely). The chapter argues for moving beyond narrow legal definitions toward an interdisciplinary, empirically informed approach that accounts for the symbolic, social, and psychological dimensions through which chilling effects are produced and maintained.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-17654-7_1

Synthesis of biogenic silver nanoparticles using butter fruit pulp extract and evaluation of their antibacterial activity against Providencia vermicola in Rohu

Ravi Mani Murugesan Chandrasekaran Parameswaran Vijayakumar T. Stalin Dhas Maisari Utami Babett Greff Dina S. Hussein Faris S. Alharbi Saeedah Musaed Almutairi Karthick Velu C. Thamaraiselvi D. Inbakandan

Publication Name: Journal of King Saud University Science

Publication Date: 2022-04-01

Volume: 34

Issue: 3

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Objective: Development of antimicrobial materials using nano approach and several industries like aquaculture greatly depend on novel biogenic materials. Biogenic techniques to develop nanomaterials with potent antimicrobial activity have been explored recently. The present study demonstrates the green synthesis of AgNPs using butter fruit (Persea americana) pulp extract and its antibacterial efficacy against the fish pathogen Providencia vermicola using Rohu fish. Results: The AgNPs were prepared and characterized using various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The infrared spectroscopic analysis identified that the fruit biological molecules were involved in the stabilization of AgNPs. Transmission electron microscopic analysis revealed that particles size ranged from 20 to 50 nm. Further, the nanoparticles (5 µg) encapsulated fish feed were given to P. vermicola infected Rohu fish. The survival rate observed was 72 % in experimental group as compared to the control group. Total plate count and histopathological results indicated that the AgNPs treated groups showed significant reduction of bacterial population and restore the tissues in the normal range. Conclusion: The results suggest that the green synthesized (AgNPs) using butter fruit pulp have good efficiency in reducing the infection caused by P. vermicola in Rohu fish.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2021.101814

Use of Artificial Neural Networks in the production control of small batch production

T. B. Ladinig B. Ferenczi P. Németh

Publication Name: Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Icai 2016 Worldcomp 2016

Publication Date: 2016-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 237-240

Description:

Our aim with this paper is to test a new performance measurement and control system for small batch production in the automotive industry with the help of Artificial Neural Networks. After the introduction of small batch production at an automotive company a possible use of this method for production control is presented.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: DOI not available

Soil Moisture Content Prediction Using Gradient Boosting Regressor (GBR) Model: Soil-Specific Modeling with Five Depths

Tarek Alahmad A. Nyéki M. Neményi

Publication Name: Applied Sciences Switzerland

Publication Date: 2025-06-01

Volume: 15

Issue: 11

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Monitoring soil moisture content (SMC) remains challenging due to its spatial and temporal variability. Accurate SMC prediction is essential for optimizing irrigation and enhancing water use efficiency. In this research, a Gradient Boosting Regressor (GBR) model was developed and validated to predict SMC in two soil textures, loam and silt loam, using meteorological data from Internet of Things (IoT) sensors and gravimetric SMC field measurements collected from five different depths. The statistical analysis revealed significant variation in SMC across depths in loam soil (p < 0.05), while silt loam exhibited more stable moisture distribution. The GBR model demonstrated high performance in both soil textures, achieving R2 values of 0.98 and 0.94 for silt loam and loam soils, respectively, with low prediction errors (RMSE 0.85 and 0.97, respectively). Feature importance analysis showed that precipitation and humidity were the most influential features in loam soil, while solar radiation had the highest impact on prediction in silt loam soil. Soil depth also showed a significant contribution to SMC prediction in both soils. These results highlight the necessity for soil-specific modeling to enhance SMC prediction accuracy, optimize irrigation systems, and support water resources management approaches aligning with SDG6 objectives.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/app15115889

Test software design and implemetation for benchmarking of stateless IPv4/IPv6 translation implementations

Péter Bálint

Publication Name: 2017 40th International Conference on Telecommunications and Signal Processing Tsp 2017

Publication Date: 2017-10-19

Volume: 2017-January

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 74-78

Description:

There are many available NAT64 implementations, but we can not measure their performance per the standards, due to the lack of complaint testers. The aim of our effort is to design and write the first implementation of a test program that could provide the first answer to these needs. For benchmarking Network Interconnect Devices we could use the recommendation of the 2544 (IP version independent) and the 5180 (IPv6 related) RFCs. But these do not cover the benchmarking of IPv6 translation technologies. There is an IETF draft which covers this topic, the “Benchmarking Methodology for IPv6 Transition Technologies”. This draft covers the transition technologies which contain the translation too. We will use this draft as bases of our design.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1109/TSP.2017.8075940