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Found 6674 publications
A state-of-the-art review on machine learning techniques for driving behavior analysis: clustering and classification approaches
Publication Name: Complex and Intelligent Systems
Publication Date: 2025-09-01
Volume: 11
Issue: 9
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
Smart mobility has ushered in advanced sensing technologies. These, together with high‑level data analytics, are revolutionizing how we analyze driving behavior. Excellent performance in dealing with real-world, high-technology complexities for machine learning has made wide enthusiasm to utilize them to study driver behavior. This article gives a thorough overview of the important machine learning methods—especially clustering and classification techniques—that help analyze complex driving behaviors, predict fuel and energy use, and improve vehicle safety systems. The review specifically explains unsupervised methods like fuzzy c-means, k-means, and density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise, as well as supervised techniques such as artificial neural networks, k-nearest neighbors, and support vector machines. Also, this review discusses the integration of clustering and classification techniques with hybrid deep learning models, and examines their applications in eco-driving, energy forecasting, and intelligent transport systems while offering novel findings that contribute to more sustainable mobility. Emphasis is placed on how these methods transform vast, heterogeneous driving data into actionable insights that support real-time monitoring and personalized feedback for eco-driving and smart transportation applications. Finally, current benefits and barriers, and future research opportunities and challenges in integrating machine learning into intelligent transportation systems are reviewed. The potential to advance to safer, better, and more sustainable forms of mobility is emphasized.
Open Access: Yes
Identification crisis: a fauna-wide estimate of biodiversity expertise shows massive decline in a Central European country
Sándor Koczor
Péter Kovács
Tibor Kovács
Márk Lukátsi
Gábor Majoros
Vivien Zsupos
Zoltán Csabai
Arnold Móra
Barna Páll-Gergely
Gellért Puskás
Lajos Rózsa
Zoltán Soltész
Frank Thorsten Krell
Levente Ábrahám
Bálint Bajomi
Pál Boda
Bálint Pernecker
Luca Eszter Balog
Csaba Csuzdi
Éva Szita
Tamás Szűts
Balázs Tóth
Andrea Tőke
Katalin Zsuga
Adrienn Horváth
Péter Kóbor
Dávid Murányi
Zoltán Vas
Tamás Németh
László Dányi
Zoltán Fehér
Sándor Hornok
Jenő Kontschán
Publication Name: Biodiversity and Conservation
Publication Date: 2024-11-01
Volume: 33
Issue: 13
Page Range: 3871-3903
Description:
Expertise in biodiversity research (taxonomy, faunistics, conservation with taxonomic background) appears to decline worldwide. While the “taxonomic impediment” is discussed extensively in the literature, much fewer papers focus on the identification crisis, i.e., the decreasing number of experts who can identify species, and the decline of species-based biodiversity research. As a test case to explore the gravity of the identification crisis, we chose Hungary, a Central European country with a strong history of comprehensive taxonomic expertise and research output. We set out to answer two main questions. (1) What proportion of the Hungarian fauna could currently be identified by Hungarian experts, and what factors determine which groups are covered; and (2) what are the trends of biodiversity research in Hungary, and what are the underlying reasons for these trends? We show that Hungary lacks active biodiversity experts for almost half of the nearly 36,000 animal species recorded in the country, and more than a quarter of the fauna have only one or two active experts available. We also show that faunistic research experienced a golden era between ca. 1990 and 2010. Since then, however, there has been a strong decline, with the number of active experts and published papers decreased to a level like that of the 1970s. Multiple factors are identified causing this trend, such as increased pressure to publish in high impact journals and increasing administrative duties of professional scientists. The next generation of biodiversity experts needs to be fluent in modern techniques and publication strategies but also maintain robust morphology-based knowledge to be equipped for identification tasks of difficult taxa. Despite being disadvantaged by exclusive application of citation-based evaluation, we do need more positions and focused grants for biodiversity researchers to maintain the country’s knowledge base and to avoid being increasingly dependent on—equally declining—foreign expertise.
Open Access: Yes
Thermo-exergo-enviro-economic, sustainability and life cycle conversion efficiency analysis of nanofluid enhanced solar still
Publication Name: Results in Engineering
Publication Date: 2026-06-01
Volume: 30
Issue: Unknown
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
Freshwater scarcity continues to intensify the need for low-cost, sustainable desalination technologies. Passive solar stills offer a simple, renewable solution, but their practical use is limited by low productivity due to weak heat transfer in the basin water. This study experimentally investigates the use of an Al2 O3- CuO hybrid nanofluid to improve the performance of a conventional single-slope solar still. Four systems were fabricated and tested: a conventional solar still without a hybrid nanofluid (SS1), and three modified solar stills containing 0.1 wt.% (SS2), 0.2 wt.% (SS3), and 0.3 wt.% (SS4) Al2 O3- CuO hybrid nanofluid in the basin water. The systems were evaluated in terms of distillate yield, heat-transfer behavior, energy, exergy, economic, environmental, exergo-economic, enviro-economic, life-cycle conversion efficiency (LCCE), and sustainability performance. The results indicate that SS4 achieved the highest thermal efficiency of 48.1%, followed by SS3 (44.1%), SS2 (41.9%), and SS1 (38%). Similarly, exergy efficiency improved across the configurations, with values of 6.23% for SS1, 7.8% for SS2, 7.93% for SS3, and 8.1% for SS4. Over its lifetime, configuration SS4 demonstrated 28% greater CO2 mitigation than the SS1 system, along with a minimum energy payback time of 1.34 years (energy basis) and 16.1 years (exergy basis). SS4 also showed the highest lifetime CO2 mitigation of 8.872 tons, a carbon credit gain of 120.28 $, an energy-based life-cycle conversion efficiency of 9.24%, and a sustainability index improvement of 2.6% compared with SS1. Overall, the results indicate that 0.3 wt.% Al2 O3- CuO hybrid nanofluid is the best-performing concentration within the tested range and can significantly improve the thermodynamic, economic, environmental, and sustainability performance of passive solar stills.
Open Access: Yes
Fueling the Future: The Interplay of Environmental Consciousness and Hydrogen Vehicle Acceptance
Publication Name: International Scientific Business Conference Limen Leadership Innovation Management and Economics Integrated Politics of Research
Publication Date: 2024-01-01
Volume: 2024
Issue: Unknown
Page Range: 131-139
Description:
Hydrogen-powered vehicles are playing an increasing role in sustainable mobility technologies. Still, their acceptance depends, to a large extent, on society’s environmental attitudes, in addition to infrastructure development. This research investigates how consumers’ environmental attitudes and openness to innovation influence the adoption of hydrogen vehicles and purchase intentions. The research method is a questionnaire survey using validated scales. A total of 1330 respondents participated in the research. The analysis examines consumer attitudes toward the most promising technological innovation in the automotive industry. It also explores how individual responsibility and environmental activism influence the openness to hydrogen vehicles. The results of the analysis show that positive attitudes towards innovation were significantly related to all environmental variables, while financial sacrifice showed a significantly weaker relationship. The results support the theory that openness to innovation may be a stronger predictor of adopting sustainable technologies than environmental awareness.
Open Access: Yes
(Imperial Legislation and Emperor’s Self-Defense - Codification Efforts and Tendences in European and Hungarian Criminal Law at the Turn of the 18th and 19th Centuries)
Publication Name: Journal on European History of Law
Publication Date: 2025-01-01
Volume: 16
Issue: 2
Page Range: 50-58
Description:
The primary protection of the existence of the state, its fundamental institutions, and fundamental values from direct attacks has always been one of the most important tasks of the state. Since these protected institutions and values depend on the historical era and social system, it can be said that the definition of crimes against the state is always determined by the current, valid conception and structure of the state. The strict but often unregulated and outdated requirements for the crimes of treason and insult to the monarch, as well as the broad interpretation and application of procedural rules, which were often interpreted as royal prerogatives, ultimately led to an uncontrollable and arbitrary situation, with extraordinary jurisdictions and harsh punishments for extraordinary crimes. The legislature of the 18th and 19th centuries attempted to create modern rules that incorporated the doctrines of the Enlightenment and natural law, and were expected to precisely regulate political crimes.
Open Access: Yes
DOI: DOI not available
The Impact of “Neoliberal Culture” on Economic Development in the SEE Countries
Publication Name: Montenegrin Journal of Economics
Publication Date: 2025-01-01
Volume: 21
Issue: 1
Page Range: 221-232
Description:
The subject of the paper is to point out the influence of the so-called "neoliberal culture" on economic development in the SEE countries and to explain the relationship between "neoliberal culture" and alternative institutions. In order to understand the topics covered by the research, the nature of the relationship between culture and institutions, as well as the relationship between culture and economic development, are additionally explained. The goal of the research is to ascertain the negative impact of the so-called "neoliberal culture" in SEE countries. It is based on the hypothesis that, with its hybrid and pseudo characteristics, it favored the formation and strengthening of alternative institutions, that is, a long-term socio-economic crisis. In addition to the usual methods of social and economic sciences, the descriptive method and the creation of logical images and schemes were mainly used in the work. In conclusion, the initial hypothesis was verified.
Open Access: Yes
Psychological foundations of solo dining experience in tourism and hospitality industry. A mixed methods study
Publication Name: Acta Psychologica
Publication Date: 2026-06-01
Volume: 266
Issue: Unknown
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
Solo dining has gained substantial recognition in the restaurant business worldwide. Considering the growing trend of solo dining, it has attracted increasing interest from academia and industry. Since the current stage of knowledge on solo dining practices and their management is limited and scattered, it requires integration to provide scholars with an outline of the current state of knowledge in this field, as well as the industry expert insights. To address this issue, the current study applies a mixed-method approach to first gather insights from the existing literature by conducting a systematic literature review (SLR). Subsequently, in order to substantiate SLR findings, a qualitative study is designed to garner industry expert views on solo dining experience, enhancing restaurant practices and strategies. The SLR has revealed three distinct thematic areas, such as solo dining antecedents, solo diner's experience while dining, and the solo diner's outcome behaviour. Based on these insights, it was necessary to identify the practical takeaways for the restaurants in the hospitality industry; therefore, a qualitative study was designed following the mixed-method approach of research design. The empirical results present solo dining strategies implemented by restaurant owners and staff. The Gioia technique of qualitative analysis of data brought forward four solo dining aggregate dimensions presenting the solo diner's profile, adaptive comfort, human touch, and restaurant strategies. This study makes a novel contribution to the solo dining literature by identifying psychophysiological aspects of solo dining and offering managerial insights for restaurant industry professionals.
Open Access: Yes
Explainable Machine Learning Using Sensor-Derived Biomechanical Features to Classify Elevated VALR-Related Loading Across Midsole Hardness Conditions in School-Aged Boys
Publication Name: Sensors
Publication Date: 2026-06-01
Volume: 26
Issue: 12
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
(1) Background: Changes in midsole hardness may affect lower-limb impact loading during forefoot strike (FFS) running in children, yet the biomechanical basis for discriminating elevated VALR-related loading remains unclear. (2) Methods: Fourteen school-aged boys performed FFS running tests in experimental shoes with four midsole hardness levels (37, 42, 47, and 52 Shore C). Lower-limb kinematics and surface electromyography (sEMG) data were collected during the dominant leg stance phase. After preprocessing, VALR was calculated from 336 valid trials, and 28 stance-phase biomechanical features were extracted, yielding a final machine-learning dataset of 324 trials after excluding incomplete feature data. VALR was used to compare loading changes and define trial-level elevated-loading labels based on the median VALR value. Classification models were evaluated under participant-level GroupKFold validation, and XGBoost was retained for exploratory SHAP analysis. (3) Results: VALR showed an upward trend with increasing hardness, but no statistically supported change point was identified. XGBoost achieved an accuracy of 75.93%, precision of 74.14%, recall of 79.63%, F1-value of 0.768, and pooled out-of-fold AUC of 0.738. SHAP analysis indicated that distal and non-sagittal kinematic features contributed most to model classification. (4) Conclusions: Elevated VALR-related loading during children’s FFS running may be characterized by a multi-feature model-based pattern rather than a fixed midsole hardness threshold.
Open Access: Yes
DOI: 10.3390/s26123942
3D DEM Analysis of Particle Breakage Effect on Direct Shear Tests of Coarse Sand
Publication Name: Materials
Publication Date: 2023-07-01
Volume: 16
Issue: 14
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
This paper explores the effect of particle breakage on the mechanical behavior of coarse sand through 3D Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulations of direct shear tests (DST). The objective is to gain insights into the macro- and micro-mechanical behaviors of crushable coarse sand, with a particular focus on the stress–strain relationship, volumetric deformation, and evolution of grain crushing. The simulations involve a comparison between non-crushable and crushable particle models, where the crushable particles are implemented in the shear zone of the DST subjected to different high normal stresses. The findings indicate that the crushable particles experience partial crushing at peak shear stress, with further particle crushing leading to the production of finer particles at the shearing plane during shearing at the critical state. The migration of these finer particles under pressure and gravity generates their accumulation predominantly in the lower section of the simulation box. Importantly, the presence of crushing in the DST induces a decrease in the shear stress and an increase in the volumetric strain leading to contractive behavior instead of dilation, which gradually stabilizes the volumetric deformation at higher normal stresses.
Open Access: Yes
DOI: 10.3390/ma16145025
