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Enhancing 3D Precision: Point Cloud Upsampling Methods — A Review

Katalin Kozma Szeverin Oláh Árpád Barsi

Publication Name: Periodica Polytechnica Civil Engineering

Publication Date: 2025-08-19

Volume: 69

Issue: 3

Page Range: 689-702

Description:

Enhancing the resolution of point clouds is crucial in achieving detailed and precise 3D representations for various applications. Factors such as sensor calibration, scanning range, and environmental capability play a pivotal role in determining the overall quality of the captured point cloud data. Moreover, issues related to noise, occlusions, and sensor limitations can further impact the accuracy of the modelling outcome, underscoring the importance of optimizing point cloud resolution. Thus, researchers started to build new architectures with the aim of produce more dense and complete representation with higher resolution. Different methods have been created to achieve successful upsampling, such as interpolation techniques, deep learning strategies, and optimization algorithms. In this paper, we take a closer look at this exceptionally fast-developing field of science. According to this aim, the reader will better understand point cloud upsampling technology.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3311/PPci.38617

Analysing the Environmental Durability and Chrysotile Content of Asbestos Cement Products by FT-IR Spectroscopy

András Torma Gergely Zoltán Macher Dóra Beke

Publication Name: Chemical Engineering Transactions

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 114

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 709-714

Description:

The aim of this paper is to examine the environmental resistance and chrysotile content of different asbestos cement products and to prove the relationship between these two factors by analytical results. The paper includes Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic analysis of asbestos cement pipes and asbestos cement products with corrugated and flat characteristics. The methodology of the study is based on FT-IR spectroscopy and general statistical approaches, and the results obtained are compared using correlation analysis. The background to the topic is that asbestos cement products are still widely used today despite their harmful effects on health, contrary to European Union asbestos-free targets. A damaged and eroded asbestos cement product loses several grams of asbestos and cement per year from its matrix structure, which is exacerbated by exposure to various environmental influences. The match rate of the chrysotile spectrum for analysed samples has been over 50 % in each case. In the number of measurements, the chrysotile detection rate was 7.64 % higher for degraded and eroded samples. In addition, in the samples exposed to environmental factors, the percentage variance was approximately 10 % or higher, with the exception of asbestos cement pipes. The results provide a basis for situational awareness options. Analytic practitioners, material science researchers, and analysts can use them.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3303/CET24114119

Financial Supervision for the Green Transition: Comparative Insights From the EU, Hungary, and Singapore

András Lapsánszky Gábor Hulkó János Kálmán

Publication Name: Thunderbird International Business Review

Publication Date: 2026-05-01

Volume: 68

Issue: 3

Page Range: 357-366

Description:

This paper examines how financial supervisory authorities integrate Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) objectives into their regulatory mandates amid the accelerating green transition. It aims to understand how institutional variation shapes supervisory strategies for sustainable finance. The study employs a qualitative, comparative case study design across three jurisdictions: the European Union, Hungary, and Singapore. Drawing on regulatory theory and document analysis, this study identifies the key institutional logics, instruments, and governance mechanisms through which ESG considerations are embedded in financial supervision. The analysis reveals three supervisory models: the EU's rule-based legal harmonization through taxonomy and disclosure mandates, Hungary's responsive approach led by the central bank using soft tools and innovation, and Singapore's principle-based framework emphasizing strategic guidance and market collaboration. These pluralistic pathways highlight that ESG integration is shaped by legal mandates, legitimacy concerns, and adaptive governance. This study provides insights to policymakers and supervisors seeking to align financial oversight with sustainability objectives. This emphasizes the importance of institutional flexibility, regulatory legitimacy, and hybrid governance in designing effective ESG supervision frameworks. This study contributes to the literature on sustainable finance and regulatory governance by offering a comparative perspective on how financial supervision evolves in response to ESG risks. It advances a novel typology of supervisory models that can inform future regulatory design and policy debates.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1002/tie.70039

Digital Transformation and Sustainable Visitor Engagement in Zoological Parks: A Systematic Review and Conceptual Framework

Nikolett Gyurián Nagy Nikolett Gyurián Nagy

Publication Name: Sustainability Switzerland

Publication Date: 2026-05-01

Volume: 18

Issue: 9

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Zoological parks increasingly operate as sustainability-oriented institutions that integrate biodiversity conservation, environmental education, animal welfare, and community engagement. In parallel with these evolving roles, digital and interactive technologies have emerged as key instruments for supporting sustainable visitor engagement and conservation communication. This study provides a systematic review and conceptual mapping of the literature by combining a PRISMA-based systematic literature review with bibliometric co-word analysis. The bibliometric results reveal four thematic clusters: (1) mobile and visitor-oriented digital technologies, (2) immersive augmented reality (AR) or virtual reality (VR) based solutions, (3) animal–computer interaction and welfare-focused technologies, and (4) traditional conservation and education research. While digital technologies demonstrate measurable short-term effects on engagement, empathy, and knowledge retention, their long-term sustainability impact and systemic integration remain limited. To address this gap, the study introduces three theoretical contributions: the concept of the zoo-based digital learning ecology, the identification of the digital fragmentation problem, and the Integrated Digital Zoo Ecosystem (IDZE) model. The proposed framework conceptualizes digital visitor experience, animal welfare technologies, and conservation communication as interdependent subsystems within a unified sustainability-oriented ecosystem. This study provides a conceptual foundation for future sustainability-driven digital innovation in zoological parks.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/su18094336

A proposed wavelet analysis based fault diagnosis scheme of power transformers using fault signatures and CT saturation

Mohamed I. Zaki Adel A. Abou El-Ela Amira M. Dahman Adel A. Abou El-Ela Adel A. Abou El-Ela Adel A. Abou El-Ela Ragab A. El-Sehiemy

Publication Name: Results in Engineering

Publication Date: 2025-09-01

Volume: 27

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Diagnosis of concealed internal faults within power transformer is a key for high grid reliability to ensure continuity of power supply to customers. One of the urgent situations of power transformer is the faults under CT saturation and the operation under inrush currents that lead to huge failure of fault identification of the power transformer. In this paper, a fault identification scheme is designed using details and approximate coefficients obtained by discreet wavelet transform applied to a differential current signal under different situations. Also, this paper considers the impact of transformer internal faults such as turn to earth and turn to turn faults, external faults, and inrush currents. The signature of processing differential current is employed for identifying these fault conditions since such fault has a distinct differential current signature. The simulation tests are performed on a 115/22 kV power transformer using ATP-EMTP real-time simulator. Different wavelet families are assessed to show that the optimum mother wavelet, db1, has high fault detection and classification performance. The proposed scheme is verified for transformer energization conditions, and the influence of CT saturation is also considered in this study. Moreover, one of the most important proposed scheme features is simplicity with high lights aspects toward all fault conditions and fault types at different fault location and different fault resistances. Intensive simulation results are obtained to prove the improved selectivity and sensitivity of the proposed scheme for identifying internal transformer faults. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis is not only conducted in terms of transformer loading and fault resistance variation, but transformer scalability study is also verified. Finally, to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme, an assessment study is adopted to show the accuracy and reliability of differential protection scheme.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105820

Nexus between environmental degradation and climate change during the times of global conflict: Evidence from CS-ARDL model

Gagan Deep Sharma Sanjeet Singh Pooja Bansal Dhairya Dev Jaya Singh Parihar

Publication Name: Environmental and Sustainability Indicators

Publication Date: 2024-06-01

Volume: 22

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

There has been a substantial amount of research done on air pollution, both in terms of its history and its state at the present time. On the other hand, the ever–changing influence of climatic variables such as sun hour, air pressure, and wind speed has gotten just a small portion of the attention. This divide becomes even more apparent when one considers the ongoing conflicts that are taking place between Russia and Ukraine as well as the current state of the environment's response to climate change. In order to bridge this research gap, the goal of this study is to explore the ways in which climatological factors impact air quality, especially levels of PM2.5 and ozone, in a range of cities situated in India, during 2020–2021. Studies conducted over brief and extended periods of time have made it abundantly evident that sun hour, wind speed, and humidity have an impact on ozone levels. The study also sheds light on prospective policies that may be implemented in the future, such as those relating to carbon emission and particulate pollution such as PM2.5, in order to successfully battle the negative impacts that these variables have on the environment.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/j.indic.2024.100368

The Dynamic Properties of Sand under Torsion: A Literature Review

Majd Ahmad Richard P. Ray

Publication Name: Geotechnics

Publication Date: 2023-06-01

Volume: 3

Issue: 2

Page Range: 480-514

Description:

Resonant column (RC) and the torsional simple shear (TOSS) tests have shown proven competency in acquiring precise and repeatable measurements regarding the shear modulus and damping ratio of soil. For most dynamic geotechnical problems, the shear modulus represents the stiffness of the soil, while the damping ratio describes energy dissipation. Many studies in the last few decades focused on developing the relevant equipment and investigating the effect of different soil properties on the dynamic behavior of soil. Researchers have introduced correlations to approximate this behavior without conducting dynamic torsional testing. Soil models (e.g., Ramberg-Osgood and Hardin-Drnevich) can simulate shear stress-strain curves after finding the curve-fitting parameters. Due to the complexity of dynamic behavior and its dependency on various factors in soils, the RO and HD equations help model the behavior more simply. This paper presents a literature review and evaluation of the studies, correlations, soil models, and parameters affecting the dynamic behavior of dry sand under torsion.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/geotechnics3020027

A bibliometric analysis of IoT applications in logistics and supply chain management

Imen Zrelli Abderahman Rejeb

Publication Name: Heliyon

Publication Date: 2024-08-30

Volume: 10

Issue: 16

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

The rapid integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) into logistics and supply chain management (SCM) marks a significant transformation towards enhanced efficiencies, security, and sustainability. Through a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of 2680 publications from the Scopus database, this study charts the evolution of IoT within logistics and SCM and reveals a shift from foundational explorations to mature implementations. The research unfolds a complex thematic structure, highlighting the revolutionary impacts of IoT and related technologies such as RFID, the synergy of Industry 4.0 with SCM through Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), the strategic role of blockchain for enhanced traceability and security, and the advent of novel communication and encryption technologies for secure data exchanges. Further, the analysis categorizes the scholarly discourse into critical areas including big data and IoT optimization in SCM, IoT-driven innovation in the food supply chain, applications of blockchain and smart contracts, digital transformation through Industry 4.0, security advancements with intelligent systems, and the exploration of advanced technologies for Industry 4.0 and 5.0. This review not only delineates the intellectual landscape of IoT applications in logistics and SCM but also identifies emerging research areas such as blockchain integration, 5G potential, and AI-driven optimizations, suggesting pathways for future research to broaden the understanding in this dynamically evolving field. It serves as an essential resource for academics and practitioners, providing insights into the transformative role of IoT in logistics and SCM and proposing directions for future technological and academic endeavors.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36578

Human Perceptions of Reliability of Autonomous Drone Systems Under Dynamic Disturbances

Miklós Kuczmann Áron Ballagi Barnabás Kiss

Publication Name: Applied Sciences Switzerland

Publication Date: 2026-05-01

Volume: 16

Issue: 9

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

This study analyzes how dynamic disturbances influence the decisions made during the human supervision of autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles. While previous research has primarily focused on control algorithms and system stability, the effect of disturbances originating from system dynamics on operator intervention behavior has been less extensively investigated. To examine this problem, a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) experimental framework was developed, which is based on a previously validated unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) test platform and was adapted in this study to enable the investigation of human supervisory decision-making. Participants observed the behavior of an autonomously operating system under controlled disturbances and were provided with the possibility to intervene by activating an emergency landing mechanism. The results indicate that the disturbance intensity had a significant effect on intervention decisions, while the reaction times did not show notable differences. This finding suggests that supervisory behavior is primarily determined by the evaluation of the system state rather than by timing characteristics. It also identifies that subjective risk perception plays a decisive role in the formation of intervention decisions, indicating the presence of an implicit decision threshold for participant behavior. The research findings offer a novel approach to the interpretation of human–UAV interaction by emphasizing the role of system dynamics in shaping user decisions. The presented method may provide a foundation for the development of predictive and adaptive supervisory systems that take into account the characteristics of human decision-making, thereby contributing to the design of safer and more efficient autonomous systems.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/app16094353