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Found 6334 publications

Enhancing Safety-Critical Brake System Testing with Vector SIL over Complex Vector HIL †

János Májer Balázs István Németh Péter Panyi Félix Tivadar Nagy Denes Fodor

Publication Name: Engineering Proceedings

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 79

Issue: 1

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Advanced vehicle technologies that substitute or assist the driver are crucial and safety-critical elements, including independently acting electronic control units. A key element of vehicle road safety is its behavior on the road, influenced by various factors such as adhesion and physical forces. Self-activating brake systems, including related sensors and processing units, are vital for modern autonomous vehicles. The complexity of software in vehicle electronic control units (ECUs) has significantly increased, making traditional testing methods inadequate. This paper explores the use of Software-in-the-Loop (SIL) and Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) testing methods in an automated test environment to enhance software development and testing processes. It can be demonstrated that there is interoperability between the HIL and SIL systems using the same test case implementation in the Vector CANoe simulation environment. As a result, it can be demonstrated that in the case of a safety-critical function, such as an ABS (anti-lock brake system) control intervention, the ECU control software behaves the same in both the HIL and SIL simulation environments.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/engproc2024079034

EXAMINATION OF INDUSTRIAL BUILDING HEATING MODERNIZATION AND ITS IMPACT ON SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES USING A CASE STUDY

Peter Triesz O. Kegyes-Brassai Norbert Nagy

Publication Name: Iet Conference Proceedings

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 2024

Issue: 8

Page Range: 125-129

Description:

The purpose of this article is to analyse the possibilities of energy modernization of an industrial property and to evaluate the results achieved by the modernization. We examine the reason for the establishment of the property, the change in its nature of use and environment, and the reason for the related structural and mechanical improvements. Step by step, we analyze and compare the investment requirements of each development, as well as the results that can be achieved with them in terms of environmental protection, economy and comfort.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1049/icp.2024.2693

Analysis of stress-strain state changes in railway tracks during transition to European gauge

Szabolcs Fischer Mykola Kurhan Dmytro Kurhan Nelya Hmelevska

Publication Name: Iop Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 1348

Issue: 1

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

The geographical location of Ukraine facilitates its integration into the transportation network connecting European countries. Various options exist for transitioning from the gauge of 1 520 mm to the European standard gauge of 1 435 mm. This paper aims to analyze the changes in the stress-strain state of railway track elements during the reconstruction of existing sections from the 1 520 mm gauge to the 1 435 mm European gauge or to a dual gauge of 1 435/1 520 mm. To perform these calculations, a spatial model of dynamic deformations in the railway track is employed, based on the principles of elasticity theory. The implementation of a combined railway track complicates the stress state of the ballast layer, leading to asymmetric stresses along the length of the sleepers, which vary depending on the track on which trains operate. There is also a redistribution of stresses acting on the ground structure, which has been in operation for many years. The research results identify changes in the stress-strain state of the railway track and can be used to justify measures for the appropriate reinforcement of the ballast layer and the ground structure.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1348/1/012029

Steady-Speed Traffic Capacity Analysis for Autonomous and Human-Driven Vehicles

Balázs Horváth Dilshad Mohammed

Publication Name: Applied Sciences Switzerland

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 14

Issue: 1

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

As the automotive industry transitions towards the era of autonomous vehicles, it is imperative to assess and compare the following distances maintained by vehicles equipped with adaptive cruise control (ACC) systems against those of traditional human-driven vehicles. This study aims to provide insights into the future use of autonomous vehicles by empirically examining the following distances achieved under different driving conditions. Controlled experiments were conducted using three vehicles equipped with various types of ACC sensors, and comparable scenarios were replicated with human drivers. The experiments involved driving at multiple constant speeds to evaluate the efficacy of ACC in maintaining safe following distances. Our findings indicate that ACC systems consistently converge on optimal following distances, demonstrating their ability to regulate spacing between vehicles effectively. However, a notable downside emerged in terms of their adverse impact on road capacities, where the results indicate a mitigation in capacity percentages of 7.6%, 9.3%, and 15.6% for the three types of ACC-equipped vehicles compared to human drivers. This study sheds light on the intricate interplay between ACC systems and human driving behaviors, emphasizing the need to consider both factors when envisioning the future of autonomous vehicles. While ACC systems provide a standardized and reliable approach to following distances, the shorter distances observed in human-driven scenarios suggest a potential trade-off between safety and traffic capacity. These insights contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics involved in autonomous driving, facilitating informed decision making for the integration of autonomous vehicles into future transportation systems.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/app14010337

Finite Element Modelling of Polymer and Crumb Rubber Modifed Asphalt Mixtures

Csaba Koren Richárd Nagy Mohammad Fahada

Publication Name: Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 59

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 44-52

Description:

Modification of asphalt binder with crumb rubber or SBS type polymer can further enhance the viscoelastic properties of asphalt mixtures in terms of reduced permanent deformation and increased operational temperature range. In this research, the effect of different variations of crumb rubber (CR) and styrenebutadiene-styrene (SBS) consisting of Base asphalt, 4% SBS, 7% SBS, 7% CR, 15% CR and 20% have been analyzed in terms of rutting accumulation. This research is significant in terms of performance characteristics of CR and SBS modified mixtures, where based on availability and price of these modifiers, agencies can perform selection of either variations of these modifiers based on their requirement and standards in order to optimize the performance of asphalt pavements. Finite element analysis has been performed using ABAQUS, where a dual wheel having an axle load of 100 kN has been simulated with a total of 50,000 passes on a 2D model. Validated creep parameters using the Burger's model have been utilized for simulation of material decay under creep loading for each variation. Visco step loading has been used to measure rutting progression. Results show increased rutting accumulation of base asphalt among other scenarios. Furthermore, CR-20 outperforms other variations in terms of rutting accumulation. Both CR-20 and SBS7 yield the minimum rutting magnitude of 3.2 m and 3.3 mm respectively. SBS-7 leads to 39% less rutting magnitude when compared to that of base asphalt.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3233/ATDE240525

Parliamentary inquiries as minority rights: are legal transplants possible?

Zsolt Szabó

Publication Name: Theory and Practice of Legislation

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 12

Issue: 1

Page Range: 55-72

Description:

Committees of inquiry, in related literature, are often called as ‘sharpest sword’ of the opposition. However, this sharpness is highly dependent on how much rights the opposition is effectively provided by the fine details of the procedural rules, and whether these rights are justiciable. According to the German model, the inquiry must be launched if a quarter of the MPs require it, and the opposition enjoys minority rights also during the inquiry. Many countries implemented the first, but not the second element in their parliamentary procedures (Hungary, Kosovo, Albania, Lithuania), which led to ineffective inquiries. The only positive example for a successful transplant of the mandatory minority initiative for launching an inquiry is the neighbouring country, Austria. In most of the other countries, the majority is more effective in conducting inquiries, and, lacking judicial remedies, the opposition cannot put its right to inquiry in practice effectively. It seems that the mandatory minority initiative hardly works properly outside its original home country, Germany, and the only successful transplant country, Austria. Another evidence that legal transplants cannot survive if the legal environment and culture is not fertile and developed enough.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1080/20508840.2024.2311467

Enhancing Stormwater Management in Érd, Hungary, through Nature-Based Solutions for Sustainability and Resilience

Katalin Bene Attila Kálmán Gergely Ámon Csaba Szél

Publication Name: Chemical Engineering Transactions

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 114

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 1027-1032

Description:

Traditionally, stormwater management strategies were designed to evacuate water swiftly and efficiently to mitigate flood risks. However, water conservation has become a crucial concern with growing environmental awareness, raising damage costs due to climate change and sustainability goals. Urban stormwater capture and utilization are essential for maintaining soil moisture levels, irrigating green spaces, reducing urban heat islands, supporting diverse wildlife, fostering ecological balance, and improving living conditions. This study focuses on a dynamically growing Hungarian city, Érd, with rapidly changing land use and utilizes the numerical Storm Water Management Model to simulate various water resources management scenarios. The simulations revealed multiple vulnerabilities in the channel network, leading to a comprehensive reevaluation and redesign. This redesign integrates nature-based solutions, enhancing the system's effectiveness and climate resilience with limited territorial possibilities. By comparing various design approaches, this research demonstrates that incorporating nature-based infrastructure at residential and subwatershed levels substantially improves flood mitigation and increases precipitation retention capabilities, making traditional infrastructure developments unnecessary. The findings underscore the need for innovative, adaptive infrastructure solutions. Implementing nature-based solutions mitigates flooding and contributes to resilient, sustainable urban water management systems that are better prepared to handle the challenges of a changing climate. This study underscores the critical importance of innovative infrastructure solutions and the positive benefits of nature-based solutions in fostering resilient and climate-adaptive urban water management systems in cities with small open spaces, rapid population growth, and scarce financial resources.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3303/CET24114172

SENIOR MANAGEMENT MINDSETS FOR CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

Loma Mashne Zoltán Baracskai

Publication Name: Management Croatia

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 29

Issue: 1

Page Range: 1-17

Description:

Despite the large amount of factual data on senior management’s significant role in achieving corporate social responsibility (CSR), little effort has been devoted to shed light on the CSR decision-making process and the managerial mindsets that drive it. To fill this gap in CSR research, this study explores the CSR decision-making process and senior management mindsets regarding CSR, inductively prompted by the CSR literature and a qualitative study. This study offers a conceptual model of socially responsible decision-making based on the Doctus knowledge-based system. The model is empirically analyzed and verified through semi-structured interviews with CSR experts. Further, an inductive examination of the qualitative data using individual-level analysis revealed three different mindsets of senior management towards CSR: conformist, self-interested, and shareholder satisfaction/profit-driven mindsets.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.30924/mjcmi.29.1.1

Sustainable 3D-Printing Filaments and their Applications

Szabolcs Fischer Szabolcs Szalai Brigitta Fruzsina Szívós Vivien Nemes

Publication Name: Chemical Engineering Transactions

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 114

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 967-972

Description:

The growing demand for sustainable materials has driven research into 3D printing technologies, particularly those focused on environmentally friendly filaments such as Polylactic Acid (PLA) and its composites. This study explores the mechanical performance and applications of four distinct PLA-based materials: conventional PLA, PLA Advanced PRO, Glass Reinforced PLA, and Foam PLA. Through a combination of tensile testing and Digital Image Correlation (DIC) analysis, the research highlights the displacement behavior and internal structural evolution of these materials under load-bearing conditions. Glass Reinforced PLA demonstrated the highest performance, showing a 10-15 % increase in displacement capacity compared to conventional PLA, while PLA Advanced PRO exhibited a 10 % improvement, and Foam PLA showed a modest 3-5 % enhancement. Infill density significantly impacted layer adhesion, especially for Glass Reinforced PLA, where an infill density above 30 % greatly enhanced structural integrity. This study not only underscores sustainable filaments' environmental and mechanical benefits but also emphasizes their potential as viable alternatives for complex, load-bearing applications in various industries. The findings contribute to the ongoing development of greener, high-performance 3D printing materials and suggest avenues for future research to optimize the balance between sustainability and material performance.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3303/CET24114162