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The Realization of a Circular Economy in the Construction Industry and Its Adaptation to EU Standards in Hungary

Adrienn Buruzs K. Kozma

Publication Name: Chemical Engineering Transactions

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 107

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 535-540

Description:

Transforming the linear economy into a circular one in the construction sector is not an easy task. Such a radical change entails a major transformation of the current production and consumption patterns, which in turn will have a significant impact on the economy, the environment, and society. The European Commission sees great potential in the recycling and reuse of construction and demolition waste (CDW) and has also emphasised the importance of this waste stream in its directives on the circular economy. This paper first presents the concept of CDW and its regulatory characteristics. It then introduces the types and sources of CDW. Third, based on an analysis of the literature, the paper identifies the possible links between the CDW and the circular economy and current trends and practices of recovery, reuse, and recovery. Finally, through the examples presented, it gives an overview of the current situation and trends in Hungary and makes recommendations for future development opportunities for the practitioners to help them adapt to recent changes. The options for doing this are important, but the problems that may hinder this process also need to be examined. In this article, the author seeks to find answers to this question.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3303/CET23107090

COMPARISON OF TRANSFER FUNCTIONS OF OPEN EAR CANAL HEADSETS MEASURED ON A DUMMY-HEAD AND A HUMAN HEAD

Gyorgy Wersenyi

Publication Name: Proceedings of Forum Acusticum

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Headsets that leave the ear canal open are used where environmental noise and acoustical information have to be maintained, while additional sound transmission is also required. Besides classical supra aural and in-ear phones having “hear through” functions, bone conduction and “tube-like” headsets inserted in the ear canal can be used. Usually, the transfer parameters of these devices are inferior to traditional headphones, providing decreased sound quality, sensitivity and speech intelligibility. Two different commercially available bone conduction headphones, an in-ear tube type earphone and supra aural models were tested using a dummy-head and a real human head for comparison. Measured transfer functions show the limited frequency range of open ear canal models that restricts the accessibility of such devices. Variability in repeated measurements is relatively large. Standardization of the measurement procedure for bone conduction headsets is needed, where the inclusion of human subjects can be considered.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: DOI not available

Examining the CSR Practice of Family-Friendly Workplaces in the Light of Sustainability

Márta Nárai Anna Pátkai Bende

Publication Name: Chemical Engineering Transactions

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 107

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 67-72

Description:

This paper examines corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices of organizations with „Family-Friendly Workplace” trademark certificate in Hungary. The aim of this paper is to reveal the role of family-friendly workplaces in contributing to sustainability based on the results of a questionnaire survey. The study emphasizes the essentiality of family-friendly workplaces for sustainability, as they create an environment for their employees that supports their work-life balance and thus it contributes to improving their quality of life and to creating a more livable and sustainable society. Moreover, this research highlights that these workplaces also stand out with regard to other CSR activities. 68.7 % of family-friendly organizations consciously define the priorities of their CSR activities, with around 40 % having a CSR strategy and 35.3 % having a sustainability strategy in which their commitment in the areas of CSR and sustainability is recorded. These priorities are fair business, participation in local community life, environmental protection and sustainability, equal opportunities, and responsible employment. More than 60 % of the examined workplaces support civil, non-profit organizations and local community initiatives, and more than half of them implemented various CSR-related programs in the last three years, including fundraisers, educational and work training, actions in the field of environmental protection as well as community and health promotion programs. This study concludes that with their implemented activities, family-friendly organizations in Hungary make a significant contribution to sustainability.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3303/CET23107012

Numerical Examination of a Forest Area Fire

László Környei Csaba Hajdu F. Hajdu Rajmund Kuti Dóra Beke

Publication Name: Chemical Engineering Transactions

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 107

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 61-66

Description:

An important task of sustainability is the protection of Earth's forests and the prevention of forest fires. In this paper, the numerical examination of a typical Hungarian ash forest fire is presented. The connection between sustainability and forest fire simulations is also discussed. For the simulation, a Fire Dynamics Simulator was selected, and a particle-based model was used. The simulation setup, which includes a random location of trees following Poisson distribution, is also explained. Then, the simulation of a 10x10 m area of ash forest is presented. It was found that in case of arson, the fire spreads rapidly among the trees, and there will be a high-intensity fire in which the forest area burns down in 4 min. The mass loss rate, the temperature, and the heat release rate also increased fast (above 50 kg/s, above 2,000 °C and above 800,000 kW). The aerosol concentration reached a high pollutant concentration (1.3x10-6), and the carbon dioxide concentration also increased significantly (above 14,000 ppm). These changes have a direct effect on climate change. Therefore, it is important to examine them in a simulation environment. The simulation was compared to a pine tree forest simulation, and it could be observed that in the case of the pine tree, the values are similar, but phenomena occur faster. With the computer simulation, it is easier to determine the areas affected by the fire, which also helps fire prevention and firefighting. The aim of the research is to contribute to the prevention and more efficient extinguishment of wildfires and the sustainability of the Earth.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3303/CET23107011

Node Point Optimization for Local Trajectory Planners based on Human Preferences

Ernö Horváth Gergo Igneczi

Publication Name: 2023 IEEE 21st World Symposium on Applied Machine Intelligence and Informatics Sami 2023 Proceedings

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 225-230

Description:

There is an increased number of Driver Assistance systems on the field, therefore the need of having naturalistic behavior of these functions is increasing. In our work the trajectory planning task is analyzed. A clothoid-based local trajectory planning algorithm is proposed, which relies on node points within the look ahead distance. The node point distances were optimized to yield a global trajectory which is close to the human drivers' path. Real driving data was used as the optimization reference. As a result of the optimization, we were able to determine a characteristic node point distance set which fits all drivers. We have also shown that three node points within a look ahead distance of 140 m are sufficient to describe the drivers' trajectory. Later this result will serve as a basis to build a driver model which calculates the lateral coordinates of the node points.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1109/SAMI58000.2023.10044488

Effect of Injection Molding Parameters on the Chemical Foaming of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) Using Breathing Mold Technology

Sándor K. Jakab Gabor Dogossy

Publication Name: Chemical Engineering Transactions

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 107

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 247-252

Description:

Manufacturers have to adapt very quickly to the accelerating world and use specialized machines for production to meet the demands. This also means that those machines are not used as often as their mass-producing counterparts and sometimes become obsolete. In the case of foaming with injection molding, a complicated system has to be built around the machine and has to be structured in a specific way, which is not always cost-efficient. In this paper, two methods of chemical foaming of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) were performed on a regular injection molding machine. Chemical Blowing Agent (CBA) and Expandable Microsphere (EMS) were used with breathing mold technology. Injection molding parameters were modified, and specimens were produced for mechanical and morphological examinations. Properly selected parameters for foaming play an important role in retaining the mechanical strength of the product. With low switch-over volume and using the core-back method, it is possible to foam ABS using a Chemical Blowing Agent.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3303/CET23107042

Transparency and trust in the public sector: Target and benchmarks to ensure macroeconomic stability

Rafał Kasperowicz Inna Tiutiunyk Eszter Lukács Tetiana Vasylieva

Publication Name: Journal of International Studies

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 16

Issue: 4

Page Range: 117-135

Description:

The article is devoted to the study of the relationship between a country's macroeconomic stability and the level of transparency and public trust in the financial sector and public authorities. Canonical analysis and structural modeling served as methodological tools of the research. The study examined the data from eight EU countries (Austria, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Hungary, Czech Republic, and Italy) over the 2011-2021period. Eight indicators of public sector transparency and one indicator of the degree of public trust (Consumer Sentiment Index) were chosen to establish the relationship between the components. The results of structural modeling proved that public trust has a much greater impact on macroeconomic stability than indicators of public sector transparency. A 1-point increase in public trust leads the GDP to increase by 0.018% and the stability of the currency exchange rate – by 0.352%. Meanwhile the same effect from a 1-point increase in the level of public sector transparency amounts to 0.061% and 0.021% increases, respectively.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.14254/2071-8330.2023/16-4/8

A Simulation System for Testing Side Crashes, in Non-Traditional Seating Positions, for Self-Driving Cars

István Lakatos Laszlo Porkolab

Publication Name: Acta Polytechnica Hungarica

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 20

Issue: 7

Page Range: 63-82

Description:

Historically, vehicle safety reflects the current state of the art and new innovations will continue to make our cars even safer in the future. Since its invention, the car has enjoyed a unique, triumphal procession. Safety plays a central role in the development of a car model today. The number of accidents has also risen, in line with the growth in traffic. In addition to carelessness or distraction at the wheel, the most common causes of accidents are excessive speed, risky maneuvers and disregard of traffic rules. The introduction of the speed limit on rural roads and the obligation to wear seat belts, were particularly important positive milestones. Two different methods are also used to check the effect of the individual technical options and safety, in the event of accidents. First are the crash tests. Here, an accident situation is simulated in practice, under realistic conditions. The other solution is the simulation. The Finite Element Method, behind this term, lies the virtual calculation of various consequences of an accident, on the basis of mathematical differential equations. The degree of deformation of various components or the entire car, as a whole, is examined by calculation.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.12700/APH.20.7.2023.7.4

Performance of enterprises in cultural and creative industries in large Hungarian cities between 2008 and 2018

János Rechnitzer Petra Kinga Kézai

Publication Name: Regional Statistics

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 13

Issue: 1

Page Range: 67-198

Description:

Unquestionably, the creative economy’s weight and importance in nation-states’ economies are increasing. This study examines the performance of partnerships belonging to creative industrial branches in Hungary between 2008 and 2018. Research questions are as follows: What economic potential does the creative economy represent in Hungary, particularly in certain large cities? What tendencies exist regarding temporal changes? What are the professional branches in cities that defy the creative economy, and how has their performance changed during the period examined in this study? This analysis deals with partnerships in the creative economy in Budapest and eight Hungarian cities with a population greater than 100,000. Dun & Bradstreet Hungary, Ltd., provided the database used as the basis for the statistical analysis. The data of companies operating on the last day of the given year were collected based on valid Hungarian activity classification (TEÁOR’08) codes and according to the indicated registered office, thus guaranteeing full national coverage. Regarding headcount data, only reports for the entire calendar year were included in the study, based on the statistical headcount for the given year. Within the study’s 11-year reach, research has shown that there were no significant territorial changes in the creative economy and that Budapest still dominates the landscape, with the other eight cities playing minor roles (11%–12%). During the study period, all the cities had individual development paths.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.15196/RS130108