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Review Paper on the Field Measurement of Parcel Packaging Drop for Testing Purposes

Péter Böröcz Zsófia Németh

Publication Name: Packaging Technology and Science

Publication Date: 2025-05-01

Volume: 38

Issue: 5

Page Range: 345-357

Description:

The parcel delivery shipping industry has developed rapidly all over the world in the last 10–15 years. These parcel packages are generally small and have a high risk of damage due to the numerous handling events during delivery services. Inefficient packaging solutions can lead to significant costs and increase the occurrence of product damage. This problem is widely known, and packaging engineers have tried to simulate field physical events in the laboratory to optimize the protective packaging system. Drop events during parcel delivery are one of the primary causes of damage for small individual shipments and need to be precisely simulated to achieve optimized product protection. Over the past 50 years, drop tests have become common practice as a pre-shipment test for parcel packages, and many devices have been developed to measure and observe these physical events during package transit. Due to the nature of packages and their variations, different field measurements and observations have been presented across continents and countries and have been implemented in general practices. A review of drop event observations is required to summarize and critically evaluate recent results. This review begins with an overview of the drop observation methods [real drop height (RDH) and effective drop height (EDH)], then discusses methods proposed by standards organizations, followed by a focus on the setup and materials of measuring systems used by researchers to record the events. Finally, a summary of previous results is presented, which can serve as a guide for further research on the topic.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1002/pts.2875

Ion-Implanted Diamond Blade Diced Ridge Waveguides in Pr:YLF—Optical Characterization and Small-Signal Gain Measurement

Sergiy Suntsov Christian Kränkel Romana Mikšová Kore Hasse Hiroki Tanaka István Bányász Omer Altaher István Bányász Detlef Kip

Publication Name: Applied Sciences Switzerland

Publication Date: 2025-05-01

Volume: 15

Issue: 9

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Planar optical waveguides were fabricated in Pr:YLF crystals by ion implantation. In a further step, ridge waveguides were fabricated using precision diamond dicing. These enable strong light confinement and have propagation losses as low as 0.4 dB/cm. To study the influence of ion implantation on the spectroscopic properties, fluorescence and lifetime measurements were conducted in the ridge waveguides. Under blue pumping, small-signal optical gains of 6.5 dB/cm and 5 dB/cm were demonstrated at wavelengths of 607 nm and 639 nm, respectively. These results make ion-implanted ridge waveguides in Pr:YLF promising candidates for compact integrated lasers in the visible spectral region with high output powers in the watt range.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/app15094956

Parametric cushioning lattice insole based on finite element method and machine learning: A preliminary computational analysis

Yaodong Gu Gusztáv Fekete Dong Sun András Kovács Yang Song Zhenghui Lu Xin Li Kámán András

Publication Name: Journal of Biomechanics

Publication Date: 2025-05-01

Volume: 184

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

The cushioning performance of insole has always been a critical consideration in its design. While the development of intelligent methods and the emergence of additive manufacturing (AM) technology have enhanced design freedom and convenience, a standardized approach to guide designers in selecting optimal materials and structures for specific scenarios is still lacking. This study aims to propose a controllable parameterized lattice cushioning insole (PLI) by integrating finite element (FE) and machine learning (ML) methods. The insole performance can be adjusted by modifying the structural parameters (a, b) and the internal strut thickness (t). The findings indicate that PLI, under the optimal parameter combination (a = 2.54, b = 3.56, t = 3.15), can reduce plantar pressure by up to 44.45 %, which may be achieved by increasing the contact between the footwear and the foot. The data-driven PLI optimization design method proposed in this study significantly enhances the cushioning performance of insole structures, simplifies the optimization process for selecting insole structures or materials, and provides a systematic and efficient solution for insole design. Although the initial preparation of material data is time-intensive, the trained model eliminates the need for repeated laboratory gait analysis or plantar pressure measurements, offering a foundational reference for clinical applications in insole structure design.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112674

Corporate Social Responsibility from the Aspect of Sustainability—Evidence from the Hungarian HR Sector

Dóra Lakosy Szõke Jlia

Publication Name: Administrative Sciences

Publication Date: 2025-05-01

Volume: 15

Issue: 5

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has been long examined since every company affects its natural and social environments. This study presents research on CSR practices and their relationship with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) with the aim to find out about CSR from the aspect of sustainability in practice. The study reviews the theoretical framework for sustainability and CSR, and by conducting qualitative research focusing on the CSR activities of the Hungarian HR service industry, it presents the relation of these CSR practices to sustainability. This regional focus combined with the industry-specific focus provides the novelty of the study. Results show that the Hungarian HR sector has made a significant contribution to sustainable development in the areas of equality and inclusiveness in the responsible workplace and environmental/ecological responsibility. It was also found that the CSR practices of the examined HR companies greatly overlap, although differences were identified. It concludes that HR companies operating in Hungary can contribute to sustainable development and that the examined companies’ CSR practices are aligned with the SDGs, since sustainability is an integral part of their CSR strategy, though in various degrees.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/admsci15050159

Exploring the nexus among green finance, renewable energy and environmental sustainability: Evidence from OECD economies

Muhammad Awais Anwar Umer Shahzad Yuriy Bilan Asma Altaf

Publication Name: Renewable Energy

Publication Date: 2025-05-01

Volume: 244

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

UN Sustainable Development Goals 13 and 7 on climate change mitigation and clean and responsible energy use serve as the driving forces behind this study. In the light of growing global concern, the current study seeks to evaluate the effect of renewable energy, green finance and institutional quality on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the “Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development” (OECD) members from 2000 to 2022. To ascertain the impact of the relationship between these variables, the study employed the panel quantile autoregressive distributed lag (PQARDL). The cointegration test supports the validity of the long-term link between variables of the study. Apart from that, the estimated results have supported an inverted U-shaped link between CO2 and renewable energy over the long term in the median base (0.50) quantile group. These findings support the global sustainability agenda by illuminating the potential impact of robust institutional frameworks, renewable energy and sustainable finance practices on CO2 reductions. It also recommends that in order to achieve environmental sustainability and enhance environmental quality by lowering CO2, OECD policy maker should prioritize the use of renewable energy sources and high-quality institutions.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.122589

Optimizing Parameter Sets for Laser-Textured Piston Rings Using Design of Experiments and Multibody Dynamics Calculations

András Lajos Nagy Gabor Laki Dominika Pintér László Boros

Publication Name: Coatings

Publication Date: 2025-05-01

Volume: 15

Issue: 5

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Friction and wear reduction in internal combustion engines are crucial for improving efficiency and durability. This study investigates the effect of microtextured surfaces on friction power loss in an engine’s piston ring-cylinder system. A numerical analysis was conducted on piston rings equipped with dimple-shaped microtextures using AVL Excite Piston & Rings, modelling a hard chromium-coated piston ring and a cast iron cylinder. The goal was to determine the optimal surface texture parameters that minimize friction power loss under typical urban driving conditions with SAE 0W-30 oil. A two-step Design of Experiments (DoE) approach was employed, where the first step involved mapping the effects of texture parameters, i.e., dimple depth (A = 0.5, 1, 1.5 µm), dimple distance (B = 120, 160, 240 µm), and dimple diameter (C = 50, 60, 70 µm), to identify influential factors. The second step aimed at locating a parameter configuration with minimal friction power loss. The results demonstrated that the optimized texture parameters can significantly reduce friction power loss. The lowest friction power loss of 8.96 W was achieved with a dimple depth of 2 µm, distance of 80 µm, and diameter of 60 µm, which contributed to an 8.3% improvement over the reference surface. The model built to describe the investigated texturing approach exhibited a strong correlation with an R2 value of 0.93, and the deviation between predicted and measured values was below 1%. Future work will involve tribometer tests to experimentally validate the optimized parameters and confirm the simulation results.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/coatings15050528

Evaluating Fiscal and Monetary Policy Coordination Using a Nash Equilibrium: A Case Study of Hungary

Eszter Kazinczy Mehran Amini Sara Salimi Tatay Tibor

Publication Name: Mathematics

Publication Date: 2025-05-01

Volume: 13

Issue: 9

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Effective coordination between fiscal and monetary policy is crucial for macroeconomic stability, yet achieving it presents significant challenges due to differing objectives and institutional setups. This study evaluates the strategic interaction between fiscal and monetary authorities in Hungary from 2013 to 2023, employing the Nash equilibrium framework under the assumption of non-cooperative behavior. By modeling the authorities as independent players optimizing distinct payoff functions based on key economic indicators (interest rates, government spending, inflation, output gap, fiscal deficit, and public debt), the analysis estimates the best response strategies and computes the resulting Nash equilibrium. The key findings reveal persistent deviations between actual policies and the computed equilibrium strategies. Specifically, actual fiscal policy was consistently more expansionary (average actual deficit −2.6% to 7.6% GDP vs. equilibrium recommendations ranging from 8.5% surplus to −3.0% deficit) than the Nash equilibrium indicated, particularly during periods of economic growth. Monetary policy often lagged in equilibrium recommendations, maintaining low interest rates (e.g., 0.9% actual vs. 11.5% equilibrium in 2019) before implementing sharp increases (13% actual vs. approx. 3.5–3.8% equilibrium in 2022–2023) that significantly overshot the equilibrium. These misalignments underscore potential suboptimal outcomes arising from independent policymaking, contributing to increased public debt and heightened inflationary pressures in the Hungarian context. This study highlights the potential benefits of aligning policies closer to mutually consistent strategies, suggesting that improved coordination frameworks could enhance macroeconomic stability, offering insights relevant to Hungary and similar economies.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/math13091427

Adaptive Speed Tuning of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors Using Intelligent Fuzzy Based Controllers for Pumping Applications

Mohamed I. Abdelwanis Faisal Albatati Ragab A. El-Sehiemy Abdelkarim Hegab

Publication Name: Processes

Publication Date: 2025-05-01

Volume: 13

Issue: 5

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

This study focuses on enhancing the performance of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs) in pumping applications by improving motor torque through the integration of advanced control strategies. The dq-axis model of a PMSM is utilized to facilitate precise control and dynamic response. The proposed approach combines Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC) and Fuzzy Proportional-Integral-Derivative (fuzzy PID) controllers with Vector Control (VC) inverters, specifically designed for PMSMs with salient rotor structures. The salient rotor design inherently provides higher torque density, making it suitable for demanding applications like pumping. The FLC and fuzzy PID controllers are employed to optimize the motor’s dynamic response, ensuring precise torque control and improved efficiency under varying load conditions. The VC inverter further enhances the system’s performance by enabling rapid torque and flux control, reducing torque ripple, and improving overall motor stability. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed control strategy significantly increases motor torque, enhances energy efficiency, and reduces operational losses in pumping applications. This makes the system more reliable and cost-effective for industrial and agricultural pumping systems, where high torque and energy savings are critical. The integration of FLC, fuzzy PID, and VC with a salient-rotor PMSM offers a robust solution for achieving superior motor performance in real-world pumping scenarios. This work contributes to the development of smarter, more efficient pumping systems, paving the way for enhanced industrial automation and energy management.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/pr13051393

Quantitative and qualitative indicators of neonatological care at the Maternity Private Obstetric and Gynecologic Hospital in 2023

Balázs Gérecz Lajos Lantos Mária Madarász Dorottya Rózsa Gizella Molnár Krisztina Szőllős Eszter Vörös Zorán Belics Petronella Hupuczi

Publication Name: Orvosi Hetilap

Publication Date: 2025-04-27

Volume: 166

Issue: 17

Page Range: 658-668

Description:

No description provided

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1556/650.2025.33284