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Investigation of deformations of ballasted railway track during collapse using the Digital Image Correlation Method (DICM)

Szabolcs Fischer Szabolcs Szalai Attila Németh Erika Juhasz Majid Movahedi Rad Dániel Harrach B. Eller Gusztáv Baranyai

Publication Name: Reports in Mechanical Engineering

Publication Date: 2022-01-01

Volume: 3

Issue: 1

Page Range: 168-191

Description:

This paper summarizes the results of laboratory tests in which the authors investigated the effects of extremely high vertical load to a railway track segment. The segment consisted of a cut concrete sleeper (contact area: 290×390 mm) with a pair of direct-elastic rail fasteners; the sleeper pieces had a standard, full height; the structure had a typical 350 mm depth railway ballast, underneath approx. 200 mm sandy gravel supplementary layer. The whole assembly was built in a 2.00×2.20 m area wooden rack. The deformations due to the approx. 150 kN static concentrated vertical force were measured and recorded by Digital Image Correlation Method (DICM), ensuring the GOM ATOS technology. The 150 kN peak load meant 1326 kPa vertical stress at the sleeper-ballast interface. The 3D geometry was scanned before the loading and after the collapse. In this way, the comparison was able to be executed. The maximum vertical deformation was 115 mm. The DICM technique is a relatively new methodology in civil engineering; however, it has been applied for more than ten years in mechanical engineering. Therefore, the authors investigated the applicability of DICM in this field. As a result, the pre and the post-states were determined in 3D. The displacement of the ballast particles was able to be defined with the possibility of drawing the displacement trajectories of given points. The DICM can be a valuable methodology in railway engineering, e.g., laboratory tests and field test applications.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.31181/rme20016032022s

Measuring industry digital transformation with a composite indicator: A case study of the utility industry

Larysa Yakymova Vasyl Kuz László Tamándl Andrea Novotná

Publication Name: Journal of International Studies

Publication Date: 2022-01-01

Volume: 15

Issue: 1

Page Range: 168-180

Description:

Climate change, urban sprawl, a global pandemic, and the general trend of digitizing economies are driving the need for digital transformation of utilities. Policymakers of industry digital transformation need some aggregated metric that captures the essence of this multidimensional concept, identifies the pros and cons of current policies, and guides future directions based on cross-country benchmarking. This study develops the Industry Digital Transformation Index for the utility industry (IDTIu) as a composite indicator. IDTIu provides an aggregate score for the digital transformation of the national utility industry based on 31 indicators grouped into 8 sub-indices. IDTIu scores were calculated for 34 European countries based on 2020 data. To avoid the methodological challenges of equal weighting and expert assessments, we applied the original Benefit-of-the-Doubt (BoD) model and its two extensions for the proportion and priority of sub- indices. Our results show that (i) the full flexibility of the original BoD model leads to the expected deficiencies in ranking leaders and assigning zeros to insignificant sub-indices; (ii) BoD model with ordinal sub-index share restrictions does not allow ranking of laggards when IoT, AI, and BDA are ranked as top 3 priorities. Therefore, at the current stage of the digital transformation of utilities, we recommend the BoD model with proportional sub-index share restrictions.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.14254/2071-8330.2022/15-1/11

Possibilities and Challenges of Monitoring and Evaluating Digital Education in Electronic Environments from a Pedagogical and Technological Perspective

Zoltan Balogh Jan Francisti Beata Orosz Kristian Fodor Jozsef Cserko Brigitta Balazs Gyorgy Molnar

Publication Name: Sami 2022 IEEE 20th Jubilee World Symposium on Applied Machine Intelligence and Informatics Proceedings

Publication Date: 2022-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 69-72

Description:

PREFACE The use of various digital and smart devices and systems has also become more and more part of people's daily lives, with the emergence of the human-machine interface as a tool to help them work in various activities. Digitalisation is one of the most significant trends and tendencies of our time, and can be seen as the next step in globalisation [1]. Media literacy is an umbrella term, similar to ICT [2] and new media phenomena have become increasingly visible. Digital technology-enhanced literacy, mediated by ICT systems, is thus playing an increasingly important role, with a growing impact on society, the economy and education, and its transformative effects. The essence of these phenomena is that the new cultural form is created and exists on a digital platform [3].Mobile technology, ambient intelligence, digital games, big data-based technologies and algorithms are an integral part of this world [4]. The study and systematisation of the digital transformative effects of all these phenomena is becoming increasingly vital and has a growing impact on the learning process. On the one hand, the process of digitalisation serves as an internal driving force for digital work-based educational processes, and on the other hand, it represents a major challenge for the different actors in educational systems and for learners.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1109/SAMI54271.2022.9780733

Technical Feasibility and Design Challenges of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle based Drive Testing on Cellular Networks

Oliver Takacs Istvan Drotar Tamas Kovacs Gyorgy Wersenyi

Publication Name: 2022 IEEE 1st International Conference on Internet of Digital Reality Iod 2022

Publication Date: 2022-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 23-32

Description:

Conventional drones are using ISM (Industrial, Scientific, and Medical) frequency bands during operation that can limit the range of the device. Limitations depend on the applied technologies in these frequency bands. With the help of cellular networks, BVLOS (Beyond Visual Line of Sight) UAV operations can be realized with increased safety. Unfortunately, base stations used in cellular networks target the lower, near-earth layers of air space. In case of drones, coverage in higher layers must be planned. Test procedures used in residential mobile network measurements record the quality parameters of the network measured on foot or by vehicle. Furthermore, the device carrying the measurement setup can cause serious interference with the measurement results. This paper presents current measurement methods and a concept for a solution to apply the measurement devices to an UAV. This new measurement method is correspondingly fit in the conception of IoD conference. We are executed the measurements by our own newly developed UAV system which can be a substitute solution of the walking measurements. Furthermore it provides opportunity to measurement some of that new layers of the air that have not had a chance before. Also, this innovation gives us the opportunity to perform measurements that have been difficult and dangerous so far, much easier and safer than before, without the need for human contact. In addition, measurements with drones have given a new perspective to the world of measurement methods.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1109/IoD55468.2022.9987208

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF TRACK GEOMETRY PARAMETERS ON TRAMWAY LINE NO. 1 IN BUDAPEST

Szabolcs Fischer Vivien Jóvér

Publication Name: Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering

Publication Date: 2022-01-01

Volume: 17

Issue: 2

Page Range: 75-106

Description:

The article examines the superstructures of the tramway tracks of tramway line No. 1 in Budapest (the capital of Hungary). Since the first appearance of tramways, several technological advancements have been made to serve passenger needs as efficiently as possible. Several types of tramway track superstructure systems can be differentiated, which are implemented differently in each project. Furthermore, these superstructure types have different degradation times (both geometrical and structural), which depend on several factors. Nowadays, visual inspections are no longer considered sufficient in monitoring the tracks’ condition and deterioration, thus it is necessary to consider examinations carried out using the sensors mounted on the vehicles. Adopting appropriate methods, the measured data can be modeled and the life cycle of superstructures and structural elements can be determined as a result of sufficiently long-term studies (i.e., life cycle costs, the whole lifetime, etc.). First, the authors present a review of the relevant international literature, after that they conduct analysis of track geometry parameters of the superstructures related to five sections on the investigated tramway line based on the results of the measurements performed for three consecutive years between 2019 and 2021. The analyses consist primarily in statistical examination of the measured and calculated parameters.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.7250/bjrbe.2022-17.561

Investigation of the Horizontal Track Geometry regarding Geogrid Reinforcement under Ballast

Szabolcs Fischer

Publication Name: Acta Polytechnica Hungarica

Publication Date: 2022-01-01

Volume: 19

Issue: 3

Page Range: 89-101

Description:

This paper was written concerning a test section with geogrid-reinforced railway ballast based on field tests. I aim to introduce the variation of the alignment track geometry parameter taking into consideration the geogrid reinforcement. The main advantage of the ballast reinforcement with geosynthetic inclusions is the reduction of the longitudinal level faults and the deterioration speed. I observed the alignment (i.e., the horizontal geometry) changes. The duration of the field test is approximately 11.5 years. Five different geogrid types were incorporated below the ballast bed on the Kelenföld-Hegyeshalom state board (No. 1) railway line in Hungary in 2010. The test section is only straight for 700 m in length (with reference sections with the same geometry and structural set-up), i.e., the horizontal geometry of the track does not influence the results. A statistical analysis was executed to compare the behavior of the sections, based on both the geogrid-reinforced sections and reference sections. As a result of the investigation, it can be concluded that there were some geogrid types, which seemed to be adequate to decrease the deterioration speed of the alignment parameter of the ballasted railway track. A very high variance (standard deviation) was observed in the results, this is because they cannot be determined as a general horizontal railway track stabilizing solution.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: DOI not available

A Digital Twin Case Study Exhibiting Bi-Directional Communication and Control

Adam Csapo Ildiko Horvath Norbert Szántó

Publication Name: 2022 IEEE 1st International Conference on Internet of Digital Reality Iod 2022

Publication Date: 2022-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 105-106

Description:

This paper focuses on the concept of Digital Twins and a Digital Twin based case study. The first part of the paper provides a discussion on digital twins and categorizations thereof, based on their role in specific applications, the directionality of communication in which they are involved, and levels of integration based on this communication. The second part of the paper outlines a case study of a digital twin with bi-directional communication based on a near-real-time standard protocol involing real interventions in a physical system. The system underlying the case study was developed at Széchenyi István University in Györ, Hungary.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1109/IoD55468.2022.9986956

Fuzzy Decision Support Methodology for Sustainable Packaging System Design

Adrienn Buruzs Dániel Pup Kata Vöröskoi Ĺaszĺo T. Ḱoczy

Publication Name: Studies in Computational Intelligence

Publication Date: 2022-01-01

Volume: 955

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 163-173

Description:

The aim of the present paper is to develop an integrated method that provides assistance to decision makers during packaging system planning, design, operation and evaluation from an environmental perspective. The role of the packaging system is to provide a cover for the handling and communication functions surrounding the product. Single-use and reusable packaging are known based on the time it participates in the goods trade. The purpose of the authors is to develop an evaluation model for the selection of packaging systems from an environmental and sustainability point of view in the supply chain.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-88817-6_19

Scientific and common concepts of probability and risk

Dusek Tamás

Publication Name: Statisztikai Szemle

Publication Date: 2022-01-01

Volume: 100

Issue: 9

Page Range: 873-895

Description:

A „valószínűség” és a „kockázat” kifejezésekhez a tudományos és a hétköznapi szóhasználat egyaránt többféle értelmet vagy jelentésárnyalatot társít, hasonlóan az olyan szavakhoz, mint például az „erő”, a „munka”, a „tömeg”, a „nyomás”, amelyeknek eredeti, hétköznapi jelentései, jelentésárnyalatai mellett szintén létezik egy, mérési eljárás révén pontosan definiált tudományos, fizikai értelme. A hétköznapi használat sokfélesége többnyire nem okoz gondot, mert a kontextus pontosíthatja a jelentést, vagy legfeljebb a hétköznapokban tetten érhető félreértésekhez vezet. A tudományos nyelvhasználatban azonban problémát okozhat, ha a hétköznapitól egyértelműen eltérően, de egyszerre több, egymástól is különböző jelentésben használnak párhuzamosan egy fogalmat. A mai napig ez jellemző a valószínűség és a kockázat értelmezéseire. A koncepciók a tudomány történelmi fejlődése során is változtak, illetve többszöri újradefiniálásuk miatt azonos időpontban is több értelemben használatosak. Szerencsésebb és kevésbé félrevezető lett volna, ha a véletlen tömegjelenségek vizsgálatával foglalkozó szakterület számára egy köznapi jelentéssel nem terhelt szakterminust vezetnek be. A fenti problémák miatt hasznos lehet az eltérő értelmezések áttekintése. Jelen rövid írás a történeti részletek, vitapontok és részletes hivatkozások mellőzésével a két fogalom tudományon belüli főbb megközelítéseit, valamint a jellemzőbb hétköznapi használatát mutatja be.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.20311/STAT2022.9.HU0873