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Publications - 6374

Nitrogen recovery from wastewater and human urine with hydrophobic gas separation membrane: experiments and modelling

Andras Jozsef Toth J. Nagy Juho Kaljunen

Publication Name: Chemical Papers

Publication Date: 2019-08-01

Volume: 73

Issue: 8

Page Range: 1903-1915

Description:

In agriculture, the human urine could have been used as a natural fertilizer, although there are some problems with the direct utilization, such as the presence of micropollutants in urine, odour and storage of large volume of urine. Therefore, nutrients, such as nitrogen, can be recovered from urine. Continuous flow laboratory membrane reactor was built to investigate nitrogen recovery from wastewater and from human urine. Membrane gas separation method has not been investigated for ammonia recovery from human urine yet. Nitrogen as ammonia gas was recovered in acid using Zeus Aeos™ ePTFE gas-permeable hydrophobic membrane. Acid flux, operating pH, hydraulic retention time and effective membrane surface were experimentally determined. The aim of this work was to verify wastewater experiments in professional flowsheet environment, rigorously modelled with ChemCAD and optimized by dynamic programming optimization method: the membrane separation. Such nitrogen recovery membrane separation has not been published in this professional flowsheet environment yet. The objective function of the process is the ammonia harvesting efficiency. Eighty-five percentage ammonia harvesting efficiency can be reached with 60 membrane surface area/reactor volume ratio, at 35 °C feed temperature with 350 L/m2h acid and in 8 h’ hydraulic retention time. It can be stated that this separation method is based on physical phenomena without any biological factors. The focus for nitrogen treatment in a wastewater treatment plant is removal instead of recovery. It can be determined that this system is capable for the nitrogen recovery from wastewater, and it can reduce the ammonia content of human urine too.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/s11696-019-00740-x

Chitinolytic Microbes for Pest Management in Organic Agriculture: Challenges and Strategies

Surender Singh Balkar Singh Vikram Poria Babett Greff Sandeep Kumar Prakriti Jhilta Pawan Kumar Pawan Kumar Sandeep Kumar

Publication Name: Microbes Based Approaches for the Management of Hazardous Contaminants

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 224-241

Description:

Indiscriminative and uncontrolled use of chemical pesticides in agriculture has led to environmental pollution, loss of biodiversity, and poses serious threat to human health. Organic farming aims to produce food in way that is both socially and environmentally sustainable by using natural products for pest control and supplying nutrients. Pest management in organic agriculture is challenging due to low efficacy of most of reported bio-pesticides. Microorganisms, including Bacillus thuringiensis, Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Lecanicillium muscarium have been used against insects traditionally but most of these are effective against few insects or groups. Chitinolytic microorganisms are reported to be efficient biocontrol agents against most insects as they can break down chitin, the main structural component of several insect pests. However, several challenges, including formulation and delivery, environmental factors, integration with other pest management techniques, and strict biosafety norms, hamper the large-scale production and adoption of such bioformulations. Strategies for the sustainable use of chitinolytic microorganisms in organic agriculture, including the development of novel formulations and delivery systems, integration with other pest management strategies, and education and training, are discussed in this chapter. With proper implementation of these strategies, the use of chitinolytic microorganisms could significantly contribute to sustainable pest management in organic agriculture.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1002/9781119851158.ch15

Novel Methods of FCM Model Reduction

Miklós F. Hatwágner Laszlo T. Koczy

Publication Name: Studies in Computational Intelligence

Publication Date: 2022-01-01

Volume: 955

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 101-112

Description:

Fuzzy Cognitive Maps are widely applied to support decision making tasks. It is often hard for experts to create the model of a system that provides the required accuracy but simple enough to easily use in practice. In general, it is better to create complex models first, because they can be computationally reduced later until they preserve the required accuracy but become simple enough. Two novel Fuzzy Cognitive Map reduction methods based on K-Means and Fuzzy C-Means clustering are suggested in order to generate simplified models that hopefully mimic the behavior of the original model better than the already existing methods. After the quick overview of the existing techniques found in literature, a simple and a complex model of a real-life problem are reduced to varying degrees with the suggested new methods and with an existing one. The first results of the comparison are published in this paper, too.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-88817-6_12

Simulation of Two-Dimensional supersonic flows on emulated-digital CNN-UM

Sándor Kocsárdi Zoltán Nagy Árpád Csík Péter Szolgay

Publication Name: Eurasip Journal on Advances in Signal Processing

Publication Date: 2009-04-09

Volume: 2009

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is the scientific modeling of the temporal evolution of gas and fluid flows by exploiting the enormous processing power of computer technology. Simulation of fluid flow over complex-shaped objects currently requires several weeks of computing time on high-performance supercomputers. A CNN-UM-based solver of 2D inviscid, adiabatic, and compressible fluids will be presented. The governing partial differential equations (PDEs) are solved by using first- and second-order numerical methods. Unfortunately, the necessity of the coupled multilayered computational structure with nonlinear, space-variant templates does not make it possible to utilize the huge computing power of the analog CNN-UM chips. To improve the performance of our solution, emulated digital CNN-UM implemented on FPGA has been used. Properties of the implemented specialized architecture is examined in terms of area, speed, and accuracy.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1155/2009/923404

Charpy Impact Test Result Comparison on Reinforcing Materials used in Continuous Filament 3D Printing

Robert Magai Balazs Molnar

Publication Name: Engineering Technology and Applied Science Research

Publication Date: 2025-02-01

Volume: 15

Issue: 1

Page Range: 19354-19357

Description:

With the growing industrial demand for materials that can withstand dynamic loads, composite 3D printing, particularly utilizing continuous fiber reinforcements, presents a promising solution. This study investigates the toughness of three fiber-reinforced materials, namely carbon fiber, Kelvar, and fiberglass, by conducting Charpy impact tests. The results reveal that fiber-reinforced 3D materials significantly outperform standard 3D printed components, with fiberglass showing the highest toughness. These findings demonstrate that fiber-reinforced 3D printed materials offer a viable alternative for applications requiring high toughness and dynamic resistance.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.48084/etasr.8740

Local Binary Pattern-Based Fingerprint Matching

Peter Foldesi Boldizsar Tuu-Szabo Gabor Kovacs Laszlo T. Koczy Szilvia Nagy

Publication Name: Studies in Computational Intelligence

Publication Date: 2022-01-01

Volume: 959

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 183-188

Description:

In this paper we propose an image-based fingerprint recognition system. The method is based on Local Binary Pattern features extracted from the region of the fingerprint image around the core point. The experiments on the FVC2002 fingerprint databases show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-74970-5_21

Trends in artificial aroma sensing by means of electronic nose technologies to advance dairy production–a review

Tamás Tóth George Bázár Zoltan Kovacs Haruna Gado Yakubu

Publication Name: Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition

Publication Date: 2022-01-01

Volume: 63

Issue: 2

Page Range: 234-248

Description:

Controversies surrounding the name and how the electronics nose (e-nose) works have been at the center stage since the advent of the technology. Notwithstanding the controversies, the technology has gained popularity in the sensory analysis of dairy foods, because of its rapid results delivery on product aroma profile or pattern, which can be used to assess quality. This review critically evaluated the advances made in the application of the e-nose or artificial sensory system in the dairy industry, focusing on the evaluation of milk, yoghurt and cheese properties, and the trends and prospects of the technology. Most of the e-nose devices applied in the available scientific publications used sensors such as metal oxide semiconductor sensors (MOS), metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET), conducting polymers composites and quartz microbalance (QMB), and flame ionization detector FID, in a recent study. Though known for aroma sensing, the technology has been applied to evaluate the shelf life or microbial spoilage and to discriminate dairy products based on the volatile profile composition, as determined by the sensors. In most cases, the limitation of the technology is the inability of it to provide information on the nature of constituting compounds, except in gas chromatography and mass spectrometry-based e-nose systems.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1945533

Financial Supervision for the Green Transition: Comparative Insights From the EU, Hungary, and Singapore

András Lapsánszky Gábor Hulkó János Kálmán

Publication Name: Thunderbird International Business Review

Publication Date: 2026-05-01

Volume: 68

Issue: 3

Page Range: 357-366

Description:

This paper examines how financial supervisory authorities integrate Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) objectives into their regulatory mandates amid the accelerating green transition. It aims to understand how institutional variation shapes supervisory strategies for sustainable finance. The study employs a qualitative, comparative case study design across three jurisdictions: the European Union, Hungary, and Singapore. Drawing on regulatory theory and document analysis, this study identifies the key institutional logics, instruments, and governance mechanisms through which ESG considerations are embedded in financial supervision. The analysis reveals three supervisory models: the EU's rule-based legal harmonization through taxonomy and disclosure mandates, Hungary's responsive approach led by the central bank using soft tools and innovation, and Singapore's principle-based framework emphasizing strategic guidance and market collaboration. These pluralistic pathways highlight that ESG integration is shaped by legal mandates, legitimacy concerns, and adaptive governance. This study provides insights to policymakers and supervisors seeking to align financial oversight with sustainability objectives. This emphasizes the importance of institutional flexibility, regulatory legitimacy, and hybrid governance in designing effective ESG supervision frameworks. This study contributes to the literature on sustainable finance and regulatory governance by offering a comparative perspective on how financial supervision evolves in response to ESG risks. It advances a novel typology of supervisory models that can inform future regulatory design and policy debates.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1002/tie.70039

Digital Transformation and Sustainable Visitor Engagement in Zoological Parks: A Systematic Review and Conceptual Framework

Nikolett Gyurián Nagy Nikolett Gyurián Nagy

Publication Name: Sustainability Switzerland

Publication Date: 2026-05-01

Volume: 18

Issue: 9

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Zoological parks increasingly operate as sustainability-oriented institutions that integrate biodiversity conservation, environmental education, animal welfare, and community engagement. In parallel with these evolving roles, digital and interactive technologies have emerged as key instruments for supporting sustainable visitor engagement and conservation communication. This study provides a systematic review and conceptual mapping of the literature by combining a PRISMA-based systematic literature review with bibliometric co-word analysis. The bibliometric results reveal four thematic clusters: (1) mobile and visitor-oriented digital technologies, (2) immersive augmented reality (AR) or virtual reality (VR) based solutions, (3) animal–computer interaction and welfare-focused technologies, and (4) traditional conservation and education research. While digital technologies demonstrate measurable short-term effects on engagement, empathy, and knowledge retention, their long-term sustainability impact and systemic integration remain limited. To address this gap, the study introduces three theoretical contributions: the concept of the zoo-based digital learning ecology, the identification of the digital fragmentation problem, and the Integrated Digital Zoo Ecosystem (IDZE) model. The proposed framework conceptualizes digital visitor experience, animal welfare technologies, and conservation communication as interdependent subsystems within a unified sustainability-oriented ecosystem. This study provides a conceptual foundation for future sustainability-driven digital innovation in zoological parks.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/su18094336