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Publications - 6374

Water stress-based price for global sustainability: a study using generalized global sustainability model (GGSM)

Urmila M. Diwekar Neeraj Hanumante Apoorva Nisal Heriberto Cabezas Yogendra Shastri

Publication Name: Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy

Publication Date: 2025-03-01

Volume: 27

Issue: 3

Page Range: 1131-1150

Description:

Abstract: Considering the importance of water in the global Food-Energy-Water nexus, stress-dependent water pricing can be a valuable tool to achieve water sustainability. Given the large variability in water availability and demands across the globe, such mechanism should be implemented at regional scale. However, water pricing explicitly incorporating regional water stress has been rarely studied and used. Here, the generalized global sustainability model is modified and used to model continent-level stress-based water price and its effectiveness as a policy tool. The water price model includes a constant component representing the base price and a variable component which is a linear function of the water stress. The water stress feedback is modeled through the demand elasticity of water price. These models are parameterized for six global regions and three water-consuming sectors. Regional distribution of parameters is carried out based on GDP per capita, whereas sectoral distribution is obtained based on literature. The simulation results indicate that incorporating stress-based water price feedback reduces water stress for otherwise high water stress regions like Africa. Since the response to water price changes can reduce water stress, a water stress-based price model can be used as a policy instrument. This model can also capture the systemic progression of the influence of water price rise. The African continent may experience a reduction in food production by about 26% due to rising water prices. Because of the trade-off between regional food production and water stress, cooperation between various regions could help reduce the impact of the impending water crisis. North America and Europe may produce surplus food products and play a pivotal role in alleviating the critical situation in Africa.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/s10098-024-02888-x

A Novel Motor Modelling Method for Reluctance Motor Electric Vehicle Drive Systems

István Szászi Tibor Vajsz Csongor Horváth Richárd Csaba Kovács Vilmos Paiss István Szászi

Publication Name: Proceedings 2025 IEEE 7th Global Power Energy and Communication Conference Gpecom 2025

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 216-221

Description:

The field of electric vehicles is one of the most popular research topics today. These vehicles require highly efficient and cost-competitive drive system solutions due to the increasing competition. The reluctance motor drive systems are excellent candidates for fulfilling these requirements However, the controlling of these drive systems is difficult as they represent a heavily nonlinear behavior due to the varying stator inductances. The stator inductances are changing both in the function of the stator currents- and that of the rotor position. This phenomenon makes it necessary to apply advanced modelling solutions that provide a more precise motor model for the torque control algorithm. This paper presents a novel motor modeling method for the reluctance motor drive systems. A new type of inductance matrix is derived, which is a critical part of the motor model. This inductance matrix is used to define new relationships for the electromagnetic torque and the phase voltages of the machine for a given stator current, leading to a novel motor model. This new motor model can serve as an input for the torque control algorithm research and development activities.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1109/GPECOM65896.2025.11062014

Entropy based fuzzy classification and detection aid for colorectal polyps

Ferenc Lilik Ĺaszĺo T. Ḱoczy Szilvia Nagy

Publication Name: 2017 IEEE AFRICON Science Technology and Innovation for Africa AFRICON 2017

Publication Date: 2017-11-03

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 78-82

Description:

Colorectal polyps affect a large percentage of the population all over the world, and they can be a basis for more serious conditions such as cancers. As the most reliable method for detecting a polyp in the lower bowel tract is colonoscopy, more and more image processing experiments appear that help to find or characterize such a lesion. The social benefit of such methods is clear, any aid in detecting pre-cancer states saves lives. In the present considerations a fuzzy decision method for finding polyps on a colonoscopy image is presented. As a first step, the image taken during the colonoscopy is cut into tiles of size N by N, thus a rough localization of the lesion within the picture is also possible. The antecedent dimensions consist of statistical characteristics of the colour channels of the tiles, their Renyi entropies, edge density and fitted polynomial coefficients. The method's dependence on the tile-size within the images are also studied, and the success rate increases with the decrease of the tile size between 70 by 70 and 20 by 20 tile sizes.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1109/AFRCON.2017.8095459

Spatial effects and heterogeneity analysis of the impact of environmental taxes on carbon emissions in China

Laszlo Vasa Xin Zhao Pinghua Chen Minye Rao Yudan Xu

Publication Name: Heliyon

Publication Date: 2023-11-01

Volume: 9

Issue: 11

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Environmental taxes are important means by which governments can address environmental pollution problems. Amid increasingly severe global warming, how should environmental taxes be used to better combat pollution and reduce emissions to promote sustainable socioeconomic development? This empirical analysis explores the influence of environmental taxes on CO2 emissions by utilizing a spatial Durbin model constructed with panel data from 2006 to 2020 encompassing 30 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities under the direct jurisdiction of China's central government. First, we found that a strong spatial auto-correlation exists between carbon emission intensity and environmental taxes at the geographic and economic levels in each province. The characteristics of high–high and low–low agglomeration are consistent with the actual situation where each province has a strong regional correlation. Second, the estimation results of environmental taxes' spatial effect on carbon emissions show that under the neighboring space weight matrix, environmental taxes and fees can not only better promote regional carbon emission reduction but also reduce the carbon emissions of neighboring regions. Under the economic distance weight matrix, environmental taxes' impact on reducing carbon emission intensity in the province is not significant, but it can promote the reduction of carbon emissions in the economically neighboring provinces. Additionally, the results of the sub-tax estimation of environmental taxes and carbon emission intensity show that differences exist in the impacts of different environmental taxes on carbon emission intensity under different weight matrices. Among them, environmental protection, resource, vehicle and vessel, and urban land use taxes are basically unfavorable in reducing carbon emission intensity in a region and its neighboring regions, while urban maintenance and construction and cultivated land occupation taxes enhance carbon emission reduction. Our findings suggest that efficiently promoting carbon emissions reduction requires effectively utilizing the spatial effects of environmental taxes and carbon emissions, establishing and improving the regional carbon emissions reduction linkage mechanism, including carbon dioxide in the scope of taxation to further strengthen environmental taxes' positive impact on carbon emission reduction, and focusing on the heterogeneity of environmental tax implementation to achieve emission reduction goals.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21393

Sustainability in Place Marketing

Regina Zs Reicher Anita Kolnhofer-Derecskei Sándor Remsei

Publication Name: Chemical Engineering Transactions

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 107

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 313-318

Description:

Changing consumer habits and social and economic changes have led most local authorities to rethink their marketing strategies to meet new challenges. However, marketing strategies often encourage over-consumption, so an ill-conceived marketing campaign can be fatal for a local authority. One of these is the cluster of literature dealing with the environment, environmental awareness, the impact of tourism, and the ecological footprint. The focus of this paper is to examine the cluster covering the topic of sustainable development. A prominent element of the SDGs is sustainable cities and communities, on which tourism can have a very significant impact, for instance, through transport emissions. The research examines the relevant indicators of the UN SDG 11 tracker (Our World in Data) and the OECD Better Life Index, systematically comparing the indicators covered by the study. The research results will show the inconsistencies, advantages, and disadvantages of the indicators in terms of sustainability and quality of life, which can help develop local marketing strategies.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3303/CET23107053

(Imperial Legislation and Emperor’s Self-Defense - Codification Efforts and Tendences in European and Hungarian Criminal Law at the Turn of the 18th and 19th Centuries)

Attila Barna

Publication Name: Journal on European History of Law

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 16

Issue: 2

Page Range: 50-58

Description:

The primary protection of the existence of the state, its fundamental institutions, and fundamental values from direct attacks has always been one of the most important tasks of the state. Since these protected institutions and values depend on the historical era and social system, it can be said that the definition of crimes against the state is always determined by the current, valid conception and structure of the state. The strict but often unregulated and outdated requirements for the crimes of treason and insult to the monarch, as well as the broad interpretation and application of procedural rules, which were often interpreted as royal prerogatives, ultimately led to an uncontrollable and arbitrary situation, with extraordinary jurisdictions and harsh punishments for extraordinary crimes. The legislature of the 18th and 19th centuries attempted to create modern rules that incorporated the doctrines of the Enlightenment and natural law, and were expected to precisely regulate political crimes.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: DOI not available

Automatic ELM detection using gSPRT on the COMPASS tokamak

M. Berta M. Szutyányi M. Hron R. Pánek A. Bencze

Publication Name: Fusion Engineering and Design

Publication Date: 2017-11-01

Volume: 123

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 950-954

Description:

This paper contains the description of the generalized Sequential Probability Ratio Test (gSPRT) method used for automatic ELM detection in different diagnostic signals collected on the COMPASS tokamak. After determination of H-mode region based on Dα signal in a given shot, ELMs are automatically detected in different diagnostic time traces (e.g. magnetic signals and also in Dα signals). The onset time, the maximum location and the peak value, and the duration of each detected ELM is determined. Analyzed diagnostic signals came from different radial positions of the studied plasma volume, thus from arrival times of given ELM into different detectors, the average radial propagation velocity of the ELM event can be also estimated. Comparison of results from gSPRT method with two different, commonly used automatic ELM detection method (threshold technique and correlation based technique) is also reported.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2017.03.025

Refinement trajectory and determination of eigenstates by a wavelet based adaptive method

János Pipek Szilvia Nagy

Publication Name: Journal of Chemical Physics

Publication Date: 2006-11-13

Volume: 125

Issue: 17

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

The detail structure of the wave function is analyzed at various refinement levels using the methods of wavelet analysis. The eigenvalue problem of a model system is solved in granular Hilbert spaces, and the trajectory of the eigenstates is traced in terms of the resolution. An adaptive method is developed for identifying the fine structure localization regions, where further refinement of the wave function is necessary. © 2006 American Institute of Physics.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1063/1.2363368

Breakage test of railway ballast materials with new laboratory method

Szabolcs Fischer

Publication Name: Periodica Polytechnica Civil Engineering

Publication Date: 2017-10-24

Volume: 61

Issue: 4

Page Range: 794-802

Description:

This paper summarizes the results of a R&D work in 2014. Five different types of andesite railway ballast material with different LARB (%) (Los Angeles abrasion) as well as MDERB (%) (Micro-Deval abrasion) values were investigated in laboratory with pulsating test which models the real condition much better (the used parameters were determined accordance with international dynamic design method). Grain size distributions related to the five several aggregates were defined before and after pulsating tests. Particle breakages were then calculated by different method publicized in international literature. Relationships were searched between particle breakages due to laboratory test and LARB (%) as well as MDERB (%) values of railway ballast samples. Time interval (cycle) of ballast cleaning work were attempted to compute with help of special parameters used by Hungarian and other railway companies underlined the limits of calculation method. Finally recommendations were formulated related to use of this new laboratory test method for estimation of ballast particle breakage.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3311/PPci.8549