Systematic studies on 70 MACC isolates previously identified as ‘Chlamydomonas’, a unicellular flagellate, were carried out based on partial 18S rRNA. The aim of this study was to determine the phylogenetic affiliations of Chlamydomonas strains in the MACC collection. The study found that most of the strains were not Chlamydomonas. Nine clusters of phylogenetically similar taxa were identified. The previous determinations were completed with their new phylogenetic affiliations (partly due to changes in green algae classification). Molecular data revealed that 3 of the 70 strains are from Arenicolinia, 14 are members of the phylogroup Stephanosphaerinia, 11 are Oogamochlamydinia, 1 is Chloromonadinia, 19 are Reinhardtinia, 2 are Polytominia, 9 are Scenedesmaceae, 5 are Moewusinia, and 6 are Chlorella. Clades were established by 18S rRNA similarity and p-distances. This study reveals the need to revise established culture collections whose isolates are solely identified with morphology.

In this paper, we introduce a new design for modeling sustainable waste management systems. By its complexity, this model is much more precise in describing the real systems than those found in the relevant literature. We set up a model with six factors and then decomposed the constituting factors up to around thirty subcomponents, thereby established an extremely complex and completely novel model of the Integrated Waste Management System (IWMS) using the system-of-system (SoS) approach with the help of experts. After the investigation of the basic and detailed model and their connection matrices, the following idea arises. The two models differ conceptually and so greatly that less than thirty-three factors should be enough to approximately describe the mechanism of action of the real IWMS. In the following, a new state reduction method is proposed. It can be considered as a generalization of the state reduction procedure of sequential systems and finite state machines. The essence of the proposal is to create clusters of factors and to build a new model using these clusters as factors. This way the number of factors can be decreased to make the model easier to understand and use. Our main goal with this method is to support the strategic decision making process of the stakeholder in order to ensure the long-term sustainability of IWMS.

Background: Phonological difficulties are prevalent in children with speech and/or language disorders and may hamper their later language outcomes and academic achievements. These children often form a significant proportion of speech and language therapists’ caseloads. There is a shortage of information on evidence-based interventions for improving phonological skills in children and adolescents with speech and language disorder. Aims: The aim of this systematic literature review and meta-analysis was to systematically examine the effects of different intervention approaches on speech production accuracy and phonological representation skills in children with speech and language disorders. Methods: A preregistered systematic review (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews ID: CRD42017076075) adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines was completed. Seven electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, ERIC, PsychINFO, Cochrane Library, SCOPUS and Linguistics & Language Behavior Abstracts) were searched for studies related to oral language interventions with children with developmental speech and/or language disorder (mean age ranging from 3–18 years) published between January 2006 and August 2022. The included articles reported intervention studies with a group design in which speech production accuracy was the outcome measure. Studies were appraised using the Cochrane risk of bias tool, and individual effect sizes were calculated using standardised means differences when enough data was available. A meta-analysis was conducted obtaining the average standardised mean difference d. Heterogeneity, influence of possible moderator variables and publication bias were explored. Results: The 23 studies that met the inclusion criteria presented low-medium risk of bias. Nine effect sizes were obtained from seven of these studies that presented a pre-post-test with a control group design. Medium-high average effect sizes were found in phonological accuracy. Heterogeneity was found between individual effect sizes. Significant moderator variables and publication bias were not detected. Conclusions: The results of this meta-analysis indicate positive effects on speech production accuracy. Based on this review, further improvements in the quality of reporting for intervention research are required in developing the evidence base for practice. What this paper adds: What is already known on the subject An increasing number of interventions is available for children and adolescents with developmental speech and/or language disorders. Previous reviews suggest relatively low levels of evidence of interventions having phonology as an outcome measure. What this paper adds to the existing knowledge This review and meta-analysis summarise the intervention evidence from a substantial body of group design studies, indicating positive results from a range of interventions with phonological outcomes. It highlights the need to systematically implement and replicate different intervention procedures to understand factors that will maximise positive outcomes and to grow the evidence base for best practice. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this study? Tentative evidence is emerging for the effectiveness of various approaches in enhancing speech production accuracy skills of children and adolescents with developmental speech and/or language disorder.

In the liver many types of roundish lesions can appear, as well as near the liver. Finding the contour of such objects can improve both the segmentation of the liver from its environment, and the segmentation of the lesions within the liver. However, classical Hough transform, which is one of the main methods for finding objects described by a predefined parameterized formula, usually fails to identify these object as they possess not perfectly round or elliptic contours. A fuzzification of the Hough transform is described and suggested for using in image preprocessing for liver diagnosis based on CT images in this paper. Fuzzifying the Hough transform improves the detection of roundish contours.

Bottled mineral water is distributed globally through complex supply chains, making it available far beyond its bottling plants. In low-viscosity food matrices, invisible changes may occur due to shaking. The primary purpose of this research was to investigate the potential correlation between the intensity of mechanical agitation and the number of detectable microorganisms in bottled mineral water. The simulation of dynamic mechanical vibration was conducted using both time-accelerated and real-time tests. Freshly bottled natural mineral water and commercially available mineral water brands from different bottling locations and times were subjected to random vibration at three intensities as specified by the ASTM D-4169-16 standard, which simulates road transport on semi-trailer trucks. The study investigated the specific growth rate, the generation time, and the maximum cell numbers of microorganisms. The quantitative PCR (qPCR) technique was used to determine and compare the concentrations of microbes. Dynamic mechanical vibration affected the microbiome of mineral waters, influencing growth rates and generation times. In the case of waters from different bottling locations and times, the specific growth rate varied significantly for each water and for each intensity. This finding demonstrates that the microbiome composition of the water source and the interaction between microbes influence the response to mechanical impact. The time-accelerated test was shown to be suitable for analyzing the reaction of the microbiome of the tested matrix to the intensity and duration of vibration. The applied test protocol enabled the monitoring of changes in cell numbers by qPCR. All three intensities of the time-accelerated method were effective in testing the effects of real-time mechanical agitation on the microbiome.

In this paper we intend to show in some great medieval works that are indeed or very likely linked to St Stephen's court the central role of the number-archetype 137 organizing "fine structures", together with quaternary and denary proto-Kabbalistic "systems", as a possible primordial image and "model" of the quantum-physical fine structure. This is associated with the four quantum-numbers and the fine structure constant (FSC) concept, in the sense that Jung and Pauli discussed similar problems upon the scientific and spiritual history of the Western Thought.

An important current trend is the healthy and sustainable lifestyle and consumption of fruits and vegetables. However, the healthiness of plant-based diets is not well understood by the general population or food professionals, and only a small proportion of the Hungarian population (1.1 %) follows a vegetarian diet because of sociocultural reasons (attachment to meat). This paper explores the main knowledge, beliefs, and misconceptions about plant-based diets (PBDs) among Hungarians. Behavioral change towards a more plant-based diet is slow and influenced by attitudes. In an online survey (n=397), four different factors related to beliefs about PBDs could be distinguished: (1) health and environmental issues, (2) lack of nutrients, (3) forbidden foods 1, and (4) forbidden foods. People are aware of the different types of plant-based diets (vegetarian, vegan) and the positive and negative psychological effects. The associations of plant-based diets are: healthy, environmentally friendly, and expensive. However, only a small part of the Hungarian population follows a plant-based diet, while the diverse and daily consumption of fruits and vegetables is essential for health and sustainability reasons. This study has the potential to provide a comprehensive review of the current state of knowledge regarding plant-based diets, which is essential for tailoring educational initiatives, formulating effective interventions, and ultimately advocating for healthier and more sustainable dietary preferences.

We use the Schrieffer-Wolff transformation (SWT) to analyze Josephson junctions between superconducting leads described by the charge-conserving BCS theory. Starting from the single-electron tunneling terms, we directly recover the conventional effective Hamiltonian, −EJ cos ϕ̂, with an operator-valued phase bias ϕ̂. The SWT approach has the advantage that it can be systematically extended to more complex scenarios. We show that if a Bogoliubov quasiparticle is present its motion couples to that of Cooper pairs, introducing correlated dynamics that reshape the energy spectrum of the junction. Furthermore, higher-order terms in the SWT naturally describe Josephson harmonics, whose amplitudes are directly related to the microscopic properties of the superconducting leads and the junction. We derive expressions that could facilitate tuning the ratio between the different harmonics in a controlled way.

In 2024, synthetic fuels regained attention as potential low-emission alternatives for internal combustion engines (ICEs), particularly in sectors where electrification remains challenging. This paper compares the estimated CO2 emission factors of fossil-based fuels and synthetic fuels blended with 20% bioethanol under standardized usage conditions. A key finding is that the emission factor of synthetic fuels is highly dependent on the carbon intensity of the electricity used to produce green hydrogen via electrolysis. Using the projected EU electricity mix for 2030, synthetic fuels show no clear advantage over fossil fuels. However, with a cleaner electricity mix expected by 2050, their emission factor becomes significantly lower. From an economic standpoint, the viability of synthetic fuel production largely depends on reducing green hydrogen costs of €1.50–2.00 per kg through technological advancements and large-scale deployment. This analysis offers a realistic perspective on when and how synthetic fuels could contribute to climate objectives and outlines the technical and economic conditions necessary for their environmental and market viability.