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Found 6412 publications
Smart economy and startup enterprises in the visegrád countries—a comparative analysis based on the crunchbase database
Publication Name: Smart Cities
Publication Date: 2020-12-01
Volume: 3
Issue: 4
Page Range: 1477-1494
Description:
The present study seeks to explore the concept of “smart economy” through the definition of the smart city. It also presents smart city subsystems and the smart city model. It focuses on smart and creative startups within the smart city model. The research examines medium-sized cities in the Visegrád countries (Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Hungary) with a population ranging from 100,000 to 1 million inhabitants for startups. The research question is: Where are the medium-sized cities in the Visegrád countries that are both startup centers and smart cities? In the course of the research, the term “smart cities” was based on the definition set by the European Commission and the definition of startup centers was made using data analysis of the American Crunchbase database. As a result of the two studies, it can be concluded that there are no cities in the Visegrád countries with an above average level of both startup presence and smart cities.
Open Access: Yes
Agent-Based Intelligent Fuzzy Traffic Signal Control System for Multiple Road Intersection Systems
Publication Name: Mathematics
Publication Date: 2025-01-01
Volume: 13
Issue: 1
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
Traffic congestion at a single intersection can propagate and thus affect adjacent intersections as well, potentially resulting in prolonged gridlock across an entire urban area. Despite numerous research efforts aimed at developing intelligent traffic signal control systems, urban areas continue to experience traffic congestion. This paper presents a novel agent-based fuzzy traffic control system for multiple road intersections. The proposed system is designed to operate in a decentralized manner, with each intersection having its own agent (fuzzy controller) functioning concurrently. The intelligent fuzzy controller of the system can recognize emergency vehicles, assess the queue length and waiting time of vehicles, measure the distance of vehicles from intersections, and consider the cumulated waiting times of short vehicle queues. Two distinct types of agent-based intelligent fuzzy traffic control systems were implemented for comparison: one involving collaboration between an agent and its immediate neighboring agent(s) (where one intersection exchanges traffic data with its immediate neighboring intersection(s)), and the other implementing a non-collaborative agent-based intelligent fuzzy traffic control system (where the individual intersection has no direct communication). Following the experimental simulations, the results were compared with those of existing intelligent fuzzy traffic control systems that lack any module to calculate the distance of the vehicles from the intersection. The results demonstrated that the proposed agent-based system of controllers exhibited superior performance compared with the existing fuzzy controllers in terms of indicators such as average waiting time, fuel consumption, and CO2 emissions. For instance, the proposed system reduced the average waiting time of vehicles at an intersection by 48.65% compared with the existing three-stage intelligent fuzzy traffic control system. In addition, a comparison was conducted between non-collaborating and collaborating agent-based intelligent fuzzy traffic control systems, where collaboration achieved better results than the non-collaborating system. In the simulation experiments, an interesting new feature emerged: despite any direct communication missing at multiple intersections, green waves evolved with time. This emergent feature suggests that fuzzy controllers have the potential to evolve and adapt to traffic complexity issues in urban environments when operating in an autonomous agent-based mode. This study demonstrates that agent-based fuzzy controllers can effectively communicate with one another to share traffic data and improve the overall system performance.
Open Access: Yes
DOI: 10.3390/math13010124
Towards Climate-Smart Agriculture: Strategies for Sustainable Agricultural Production, Food Security, and Greenhouse Gas Reduction
Publication Name: Agronomy
Publication Date: 2025-03-01
Volume: 15
Issue: 3
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
Without transformative adaptation strategies, the impact of climate change is projected to reduce global crop yields and increase food insecurity, while rising greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions further exacerbate the crisis. While agriculture is a major contributor to climate change through unsustainable practices, it also offers significant opportunities to mitigate these emissions through the adoption of sustainable practices. This review examines climate-smart agriculture (CSA) as a key strategy for enhancing crop productivity, building climate resilience, and reducing GHG emissions, while emphasizing the need for strategic interventions to accelerate its large-scale implementation for improved food security. The analysis revealed that while nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) has improved in developed countries, the global NUE remains at 55.47%, emphasizing the need for precision nutrient management and integrated soil fertility strategies to enhance productivity and minimize environmental impacts. With 40% of the world’s agricultural land already degraded, sustainability alone is insufficient, necessitating a shift toward regenerative agricultural practices to restore degraded soil and water by improving soil health, enhancing biodiversity, and increasing carbon sequestration, thus ensuring long-term agricultural resilience. CSA practices, including precision agriculture, regenerative agriculture, biochar application, and agroforestry, improve soil health, enhance food security, and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. However, result variability highlights the need for site-specific strategies to optimize benefits. Integrating multiple CSA practices enhances soil health and productivity more effectively than implementing a single practice alone. Widespread adoption faces socio-economic and technological barriers, requiring supportive policies, financial incentives, and capacity-building initiatives. By adopting climate-smart technologies, agriculture can transition toward sustainability, securing global food systems while addressing climate challenges.
Open Access: Yes
Combined benefits of fermented washed rice water and NPK mineral fertilizer on plant growth and soil fertility over three field planting cycles
Publication Name: Heliyon
Publication Date: 2023-09-01
Volume: 9
Issue: 9
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
Washed rice water (WRW) is the leftover water after washing rice grains and is usually discarded. However, WRW contains nutrients leached from rice, making it a potential plant fertilizer. Reusing WRW promotes better water governance, particularly in the face of increased freshwater needs due to population expansion and climate change. Recent experiments in rain shelters have demonstrated the advantages of using WRW as fertilizer. Building on this, our study assessed WRW's efficacy in an open field against NPK fertilizer, both individually and in combination. The treatments were: R3 (3-day fermented WRW), N1 (full recommended NPK rate), N0.5R3 (half NPK rate and R3), and CON (tap water only). These treatments were tested over three consecutive planting cycles of choy sum (Brassica chinensis var. parachinensis) vegetable. At the end of each planting cycle, measurements were taken for the plant's growth, nutrient content and uptake, as well as various soil chemical properties and bacterial population. Plants were watered daily with 5 mm WRW (R3 and N0.5R3) or tap water (N1 and CON). N0.5R3 showed the best results in terms of plant growth, nutrient content, uptake, and soil nutrient levels. N0.5R3 supplied the most nutrients, especially N, P, and K. Increased plant growth also led to increased plant uptake of nutrients, including micronutrients. Macronutrients had a greater impact on plant biomass than micronutrients, as R3 and N1 had similar results. R3 soils had higher bacterial populations but were more acidic than N1 soils. The negative effect of NPK on bacteria was partially offset by combining NPK with WRW as N0.5R3. No carryover effects were observed, likely because of the high nutrient leaching from heavy rains. These findings confirm WRW's is an effective fertilizer in open fields, but measures like surface mulching are crucial to minimize nutrient leaching prior to its use.
Open Access: Yes
Computational Investigation of Fractal-Fractional Nonlinear Viscoelastic Fluids Using Local Radial Basis Function Method
Publication Name: Revista Internacional De Metodos Numericos Para Calculo Y Diseno En Ingenieria
Publication Date: 2026-01-01
Volume: 42
Issue: 2
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
Fractal-fractional derivatives generalize both traditional and fractional differentiation approaches by integrating memory effects with fractal properties. This mathematical framework is especially valuable for describing complex systems in which conventional continuum mechanics becomes inadequate, particularly in scenarios involving porous or discontinuous structures. This research investigates the behavior of a non-linear Walter’s-B fluid subjected to time-varying thermal and concentration conditions. Beyond the extended derivative formulation, the analysis incorporates phenomena including first-order chemical reactions, radiative heat transfer, Joule heating, Soret effect, and viscous dissipation. The system is also subjected to a transverse magnetic field with magnitude B0 . The fluid model is initially formulated through traditional constitutive equations and subsequently generalized using a fractal-fractional operator. Solutions to this extended model are computed employing a meshfree numerical approach utilizing localized radial basis functions (LRBF), which eliminates the requirement for structured grids and improves precision when addressing intricate geometries. The computational outcomes, displayed through graphical representations, illustrate how the fractional and fractal parameters influence the rheological characteristics of the Walter’s-B fluid. These findings establish that adjusting these parameters enables retrieval of classical, fractional, and fractal formulations as particular instances within this comprehensive mathematical structure.
Open Access: Yes
Innovation and Technology in the Russo-Ukrainian War
Publication Name: Connections
Publication Date: 2024-01-01
Volume: 23
Issue: 1
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
Technology and innovation have significantly influenced the Russo-Ukrainian war, impacting not only the armed conflict but also the reconstruction of reclaimed territories and the restoration of services. Few believed in Ukraine’s survival when the Russian invasion began in February 2022. This article examines how Ukraine, through its ability to embrace technological advancements and apply innovative solutions, gained a comparatively advantageous position against Russian aggression. We focus on the fundamental differences in the early stages of the war, particularly highlighting Ukraine’s adept integration of emerging dual-use and advanced Western products and technologies.
Open Access: Yes
Foot Progression Angle Modulates Three-Dimensional Lower-Limb Biomechanics in Flexible Flatfoot: Kinematic–Kinetic Patterns and Clinical Implications
Publication Name: Journal of Foot and Ankle Research
Publication Date: 2026-03-01
Volume: 19
Issue: 1
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
Introduction: Foot progression angle affects gait and lowerlimb alignment. Altered angles may increase knee and ankle loading and produce tissue loading patterns previously linked to musculoskeletal injury. This study investigates how different foot progression angles modify knee and ankle biomechanics in young adults with flexible flatfoot. Methods: 28 participants (aged 18–35 years) with flexible flatfoot completed gait trials under three foot progression angle conditions. Kinematic and kinetic variables were analyzed using one-dimensional statistical parametric mapping. A 1D convolutional neural network was applied to classify progression angle patterns based on flexible flatfoot severity and gait biomechanics. Results: Decreasing foot progression angle reduced the ankle eversion/inversion range and knee abduction and external rotation (p < 0.05). Increasing foot progression angle lowered early stance ankle plantarflexion and increased knee abduction/external rotation (p < 0.05). Kinetically, a smaller foot progression angle reduced peak ankle plantarflexion moment and knee extension moment but increased the first peak of the knee adduction moment and rotational moment fluctuations (p < 0.05). A larger foot progression angle reduced rotational fluctuations and terminal stance knee extension moment (p < 0.05). The convolutional neural network model was most accurate for moderate flexible flatfoot cases, and ankle coronal and knee transverse biomechanics showed the strongest discriminative power. Conclusion: Modifying the foot progression angle can meaningfully alter knee and ankle loading in young adults with flexible flatfoot. Neutral or mild toe-in angles may help mitigate excessive eversion and rotational stress, suggesting a simple noninvasive adjustment that clinicians can incorporate during gait retraining or orthotic prescription. Because biomechanical responses vary across individuals, FPA modification may be the most effective when tailored to patient-specific gait characteristics. In addition, deep-learning-based gait classification shows promise for supporting personalized monitoring and guiding clinical decision-making during rehabilitation.
Open Access: Yes
DOI: 10.1002/jfa2.70126
A method to accurately define arbitrary algorithmic damping character as viscous damping
Publication Name: Archive of Applied Mechanics
Publication Date: 2023-09-01
Volume: 93
Issue: 9
Page Range: 3581-3595
Description:
Undesired oscillations often emerge in numerical solutions, especially in the case of dynamic problems. These are mainly spurious oscillations which must be eliminated or reduced at least to provide accurate results. Numerical methods with damping effect are especially useful to achieve this goal. However, the concrete shape of the damping characteristics has a great impact on the effectiveness. Dissipative numerical methods mostly have a specific damping character with very limited alteration possibility. In this article, a novel numerical method has been introduced where the dissipative effect is exerted via viscous damping. Using the proposed method, a great variety of damping curves can be defined accurately, straight through the determination of the algorithmic damping ratio. The newly developed technique is mainly useful for applications where the shape of the damping characteristics significantly affects the accuracy.
Open Access: Yes
Cognitive control functions in monolingual children with developmental language disorder and in typically developing bilingual children
Publication Name: Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle
Publication Date: 2020-12-01
Volume: 75
Issue: 4
Page Range: 623-638
Description:
Purpose: The goal of this study is to present the theoretical conceptions related to cognitive control, highlighting those main components that show a close relationship with language processing. Further, our goal was to review these functions in two distinct language groups: children with developmental language disorders and typically developing bilingual children. Specifically, we were interested in the way certain factors of language competence and performance interact with the cognitive control functions. Method: We compared the cognitive control functions between monolingual children with developmental language disorders and their typically developing peers, as well as between bilingual children and their monolingual peers. The following aspects were considered for our review: the target population - school-age monolingual children with developmental language disorders or school-age typically developing bilingual children; studies that employed tasks that measure response inhibition, resistance to interference, working memory updating and cognitive flexibility. Results: Overall, there are many conflicting results in the literature due to the heterogeneity of the groups and the differences across methodological approaches. Despite these inconsistencies, children's cognitive control functions are highly associated with their language skills; while the children with developmental language disorders show deficits in resistance to interference, working memory updating, and cognitive flexibility compared to their typically developing peers, the bilingual children show superior performance in these functions compared to their monolingual peers. Response inhibition was the only function that did not differ across groups. Conclusions: Based on the above, language development shows a close relationship with a number of cognitive control functions. The interaction between cognitive control and language, however, indicates different directions in the two target groups. Whereas poor cognitive control in children with developmental language disorders may contribute to their lower level of language skills, the cognitive advantage of bilingual children is the result of their bilingual language use and practice across different social contexts.
Open Access: Yes
