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Found 6327 publications
The effect of local samples in the accuracy of mid-infrared (MIR) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) -based spectral prediction models
Publication Name: Precision Agriculture
Publication Date: 2022-12-01
Volume: 23
Issue: 6
Page Range: 2027-2039
Description:
Within the soil spectroscopy community, there is an ongoing discussion addressing the comparison of the performance of prediction models built on a global calibration database, versus a local calibration database. In this study, this issue is addressed by spiking of global databases with local samples. The soil samples were analysed with MIR and XRF sensors. The samples were further measured using traditional wet chemistry methods to build the prediction models for seventeen major parameters. The prediction models applied by AgroCares, the company that assisted in this study, combine spectral information from MIR and XRF into a single ‘fused-spectrum’. The local dataset of 640 samples was split into 90% train and 10% test samples. To illustrate the benefits of using local calibration samples, three separate prediction models were built per element. For each model, 0%, 50% (randomly selected) and 100% of the local training samples were added to the global dataset. The remaining 10% local samples were used for validation. Seventeen soil parameters were selected to illustrate the differences in performance across a range of soil qualities, using the validation set to measure performance. The results showed that many models already exhibit an excellent level of performance (R2 ≥ 0.95) even without local samples. However, there was a clear trend that, as more local calibration samples were added, both R2 and ratio of performance to interquantile distance (RPIQ) increase.
Open Access: Yes
Multi-proxy dentition analyses reveal niche partitioning between sympatric herbivorous dinosaurs
Publication Name: Scientific Reports
Publication Date: 2022-12-01
Volume: 12
Issue: 1
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
Dentitions of the sympatric herbivorous dinosaurs Hungarosaurus (Ankylosauria, Nodosauridae) and Mochlodon (Ornithopoda, Rhabdodontidae) (Santonian, Hungary) were analysed to investigate their dietary ecology, using several complementary methods—orientation patch count, tooth replacement rate, macrowear, tooth wear rate, traditional microwear, and dental microwear texture analysis (DMTA). Tooth formation time is similar in Hungarosaurus and Mochlodon, and traditional and DMTA microwear features suggest low-browsing habits for both taxa, consistent with their inferred stances and body sizes. However, Mochlodon possesses a novel adaptation for increasing dental durability: the dentine on the working side of the crown is double the thickness of that on the balancing side. Moreover, crown morphology, enamel thickness, macrowear orientation, and wear rate differ greatly between the two taxa. Consequently, these sympatric herbivores probably exploited plants of different toughness, implying dietary selectivity and niche partitioning. Hungarosaurus is inferred to have eaten softer vegetation, whereas Mochlodon likely fed on tougher material. Compared to the much heavier, quadrupedal Hungarosaurus, the bipedal Mochlodon wore down more than twice as much of its crown volume during the functional life of the tooth. This heavy tooth wear might correlate with more intensive food processing and, in turn, could reflect differences in the metabolic requirements of these animals.
Open Access: Yes
The performance of the enterprises in the cultural and creative industries in the Hungarian big cities between 2008 and 2018
Publication Name: Teruleti Statisztika
Publication Date: 2022-12-01
Volume: 62
Issue: 2
Page Range: 218-248
Description:
The creative economy is increasingly becoming more and more important within national economies. The present study aims to examine the performance of partnerships belonging to the creative industrial branches in Hungary between 2008 and 2018. The research questions: What economical potential does creative economy represent in Hungary and in certain large cities? What tendencies do show its temporal changes? What are the professional branches in cities that defy creative economy, and how has their performance changed in the period examined in this study? This analysis deals with partnerships in creative economy present in Budapest, and the 8 cities of Hungary with a population larger than 100 thousand. The statistical analysis is based on the database of Dun&Bradstreet Hungary Kft. The data of companies operating on the last day of the given year were collected based on the valid Unified Sectoral Classification System (TEÁOR) codes and according to the indicated registered office, thus guaranteeing the full national coverage. In the case of headcount data, only reports for the entire calendar year were included in the study based on the statistical headcount for the given year. Research has shown that in the 11-year scope of the study, there were no significant territorial changes in creative economy, Budapest still dominates the landscape, the other 8 cities play minor roles with 11–12 percent according to all organisations. The cities have all had their own development paths in the period studied.
Open Access: Yes
DOI: 10.15196/TS620204
Evaluation of the HoloLens for Medical Applications Using 5G-connected Mobile Devices
Publication Name: Infocommunications Journal
Publication Date: 2022-12-01
Volume: 14
Issue: 4
Page Range: 11-17
Description:
The updated range of models of smart glasses has expanded the availability of augmented reality (AR) technology in a way that opens them up to several applications. The first prototypes have been replaced by new models and vendors offer off-the-shelf solutions. E-health and medical applications have been in focus from the start. Furthermore, the roll-out of 5G technology would enable almost real-time, high-speed and low- latency communication, which would expand the potential uses and ideas. This paper gives a short overview of the current state, focusing on medical applications using smart glasses. The HoloLens glasses were evaluated regarding latency and data rates by using WiFi and the 5G campus network of the university. Results show that the HoloLens may be used in education, training and teleassistance; however, assisting latency-sensitive tasks that require a reliable network connection, ergonomic design, and privacy issues still remain a problem.
Open Access: Yes
Reliability based geometrically nonlinear bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization of elasto-plastic material
Publication Name: Scientific Reports
Publication Date: 2022-12-01
Volume: 12
Issue: 1
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
The aim of this paper is to integrate the reliability-based analysis into topology optimization problems. Consequently, reliability-based topology optimization (RBTO) of geometrically nonlinear elasto-plastic models is presented. For purpose of performing (RBTO), the volume fraction is considered reliable since that the application of (RBTO) gives different topology in comparison to the deterministic topology optimization. The effects of changing the prescribed total structural volume constraint for deterministic designs and changing the reliability index for probabilistic designs are considered. Reliability index works as a constraint which is related to reliability condition added into the volume fraction and it is calculated using the Monte-Carlo simulation approach in the case of probabilistic design. In addition, bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO) method is utilized to study the effect of geometrically nonlinear elasto-plastic design. The plastic behavior can be controlled by defining a limit on the plastic limit load multipliers. The suggested work's efficiency is demonstrated via a 2D benchmark problem. In case of elastic material, a 2D model of U-shape plate is used for probabilistic design of linear and geometrically nonlinear topology optimizations. Furthermore, a 2D elasto-plastic model is considered for reliability-based design to demonstrate that the suggested approach can determine the best topological solution.
Open Access: Yes
Bioactivity assessment, micropollutant and nutrient removal ability of Tetradesmus obliquus cultivated outdoors in centrate from urban wastewater
Publication Name: Journal of Applied Phycology
Publication Date: 2022-12-01
Volume: 34
Issue: 6
Page Range: 2955-2970
Description:
Nutrient and micropollutant removal, and bioactivity were studied in cultures of the green microalga Tetradesmus obliquus MACC-677 grown in centrate from municipal wastewater (WW). Two outdoor units, a thin-layer cascade (TLC) and a thin-layer raceway pond (TL-RWP), were tested for microalgal culturing in batch and semi-continuous regimes where their photosynthetic performance was monitored. The results revealed that the T. obliquus cultures grew well, showing a high specific growth rate µ of 0.31 day−1 and 0.25 day−1 when grown in WW in TLC and TL-RWP, respectively. The cultivation trials showed high nutrient removal efficiency for ammonium nitrogen (98.5%) as well as orthophosphate (89%), the most abundant forms of N and P occurring in municipal WW. The removal of selected pharmaceuticals and endocrine disruptors (e.g., ibuprofen, amitriptyline, bisphenol A, etc.) was also assessed. Ibuprofen was the most abundant micropollutant detected in the centrate, with concentrations up to 5000 ng L−1 and fast removal during the cultivation. The biomass produced in the centrate revealed antimicrobial activity against plant pathogens, including fungi, oomycota, and bacteria. These findings have shown that the culturing of T. obliquus can be considered a suitable way to contribute to a circular economy, to remove nutrients and micropollutants from municipal WW from which biomass extracts can be further used for plant protection in agriculture.
Open Access: Yes
The effects of extraction conditions on the antioxidant activities, total polyphenol and monomer anthocyanin contents of six edible fruits growing wild in Hungary
Publication Name: Heliyon
Publication Date: 2022-12-01
Volume: 8
Issue: 12
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
Although wild fruits are significantly underutilized in most countries, they could be good sources of valuable bioactive compounds with antioxidant properties. Therefore the present study focused on the study of a conventional extraction technique (maceration with shaking; MACS ) to extract natural antioxidants and anthocyanin colorants from six edible wild-growing fruits (European crab apple, bilberry, yellow-, red-, and purple-skinned greengage, and quince). One-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) methodology was chosen to investigate the influences of three different parameters (solvent type, extraction time and solvent acidity) on the total polyphenol contents (TPCs), total monomeric anthocyanin (TMA) contents, and antioxidant capacities, specifically ferric reducing power (FRAP) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging activity (DPPH). After optimization, the recorded TPCs and antioxidant activities proved to be significantly higher for all analyzed fruits when compared to differing extraction conditions. For European crab apple and purple-skinned greengage, the best extraction conditions were a ratio of 80:20 (v/v) EtOH–H2 O, 1% (v/v) of HCOOH, and an extraction time of 90 min. In the case of red-skinned greengage, the extraction parameters were the same as the above except for the acid concentration (0.5%; v/v) used. For quince, the optimized conditions required a 50:50 (v/v) EtOH–H2 O mixture, an extraction time of 90 min, and 0.5% (v/v) HCOOH concentration. The best conditions for the extraction of bilberry and yellow-skinned greengage were an EtOH–H2 O combination of 50:50 (v/v), extraction time of 60 min, and HCOOH concentration of 0.5% (v/v). The highest TPC and antioxidant activity were observed in quince (281–510 mg GAE/100g and 109–395 mg AAE/100g) whereas the lowest were measured in European crab apple (55.9–70.0 mg GAE/100g and 20.1–43.2 mg AAE/100g). Bilberry exhibited the highest TMA content (346 mg CGE/100g). Overall, our results showed that these wild fruits could be a good source of natural antioxidants for the local residents.
Open Access: Yes
Contamination of forensic DNA evidence in the light of Hungarian court decisions – A review of 25 years
Publication Name: Forensic Science International Genetics Supplement Series
Publication Date: 2022-12-01
Volume: 8
Issue: Unknown
Page Range: 242-244
Description:
The evaluation of forensic DNA expert opinions (in some countries expert witness testimonies) and the way it affects criminal judgement is of paramount importance. We have selected one of the largest challenges when it comes to the evaluation of forensic DNA evidence, contamination of DNA samples, and examined how it influences the decisions judges make about the credibility of DNA evidence in Hungary.
Open Access: Yes
Applications of periodic structures and metamaterials for antenna design
Publication Name: Acta Technica Jaurinensis
Publication Date: 2022-11-30
Volume: 15
Issue: 4
Page Range: 188-192
Description:
Nowadays, wireless telecommunication is playing an increasing role in almost every field. With the spread of IoT and 5G technologies, all electronic devices will communicate over a network and millions of devices can be connected to each other over such network. Due to this, the number of base stations will also increase significantly. As a result, even more antennas will be installed both indoors and outdoors. It follows that the use of smaller and more compact antennas and simpler and more reliable parameter tuning are of great importance to service providers as well as to equipment manufacturers, both in terms of design and antenna selection. Metamaterials are sub-wavelength structures that act as a homogeneous material to create electromagnetic properties that would not be possible with conventional materials. With the help of today's modern design and manufacturing technologies, it is possible to implement and manufacture such structures. In this article, the theoretical background and application possibilities of periodic structures and materials are presented, followed by the tuning of a split ring resonator and its application on a patch antenna.
Open Access: Yes
