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Found 6327 publications

Application of a Novel Methodology for the Detection of Harmonic Vibration in the Acceleration-Time Functions of Vehicle Platforms

Renáta Pidl

Publication Name: Strojnicky Casopis Journal of Mechanical Engineering

Publication Date: 2022-11-01

Volume: 72

Issue: 2

Page Range: 139-148

Description:

In this paper, an attempt is made to determine whether Cepstrum analysis can be applied to detect pure harmonic sine waveform acceleration-time signals in a frequency sub-band from the acceleration-time function of vehicle load platforms. Based on Cepstrum evaluation of specific measurement results at different speeds and under different road conditions, the analysis reveals that no frequency band exhibits full-period pure sinusoidal excitation, which casts doubt regarding usuage of sinusoidal sliding frequency tests for package shaking tests.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.2478/scjme-2022-0024

A comparative study of the relationship between circular economy, economic growth, and oil price across South Asian countries

Laszlo Vasa Simona Andreea Apostu Ploypailin Kijkasiwat Anwar Hussain

Publication Name: Frontiers in Environmental Science

Publication Date: 2022-10-10

Volume: 10

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

This study investigates the relationship between economic growth, oil price, and circular economy through biomass energy consumption in South Asian countries, examining the possibility of biomass consumption by enhancing economic growth and decreasing oil price. Energy is the backbone of economic growth, while biomass energy resources being the best renewable energy resource alternative considering the production cost. There are no studies in the literature with regard to the influence of biomass consumption on economic growth and oil price; our study has been designed to fill this gap. For this, we used data for the period 2010–2020 and ARDL and Granger causality. The findings show that all elasticities are statistically significant in the short term for Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka. In the long term, coefficients of oil price for Pakistan and Sri Lanka are positively associated with significant elasticities, whereas biomass energy consumption is negatively associated with oil price in India and Bangladesh. Biomass energy consumption significantly impacts the economic growth of Pakistan and Bangladesh in the long term, whereas in the case of India and Bangladesh, an association between biomass energy consumption and GDP is shown. As a policy implication, governments can create and adjust policies in order to reduce costs in the energy system and protect the environment from pollution with the adoption of a biomass energy system because fossil oil and coal energy systems are unfavorable to economic growth, especially across South Asian countries.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2022.1036889

Optimal microstructure and mechanical properties of open-cell porous titanium structures produced by selective laser melting

Matej Buzgo Pedro Ferreira Costa Ibolya Zsoldos K. Kulcsár

Publication Name: Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology

Publication Date: 2022-10-04

Volume: 10

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Three-dimensional printing technology enables the production of open cell porous structures. This has advantages but not only in terms of weight reduction. In implant structures, the process of osseointegration is improved, mechanical integration is better, the open cell porous structures resemble a trabecular structure that mimics bone tissue. In this work, we investigated titanium structures made porous by cutting spheres. Based on the patterns of different types of crystal models we created porosity with different strategies. We have shown that there are significant differences in mechanical properties between the porous structures formed with different strategies. We determined the structure that loses the least load-bearing capacity compared to the solid structure, with the same porosity levels and mechanical stresses. We characterized the possibility location and environment of becoming an open cell structure. We performed the calculations with mechanical simulations, which were validated experimentally. The quality of the three-dimensional printing of samples was checked by computed tomography reconstruction analysis.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1022310

Peanut stunt virus movement protein is the limiting factor in Capsicum annuum infection

László Palkovics Attila Fábián Dóra Pinczés Katalin Salánki

Publication Name: Virus Research

Publication Date: 2022-10-02

Volume: 319

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is one of the most devastating plant viruses, with more than 1,200 species of host plants. The host range and economic importance of peanut stunt virus (PSV) are mostly limited to legumes, despite the similar taxonomy and genome structure with CMV. Since no data are available on the background of the limited host range of PSV, RNA 3 recombinant and reassortant viruses were generated (C12P3, P12C3, C12CP3, C12PC3, C12PΔC3) to study their infection phenotype on a common host (Nicotiana benthamiana) and on a selective host (Capsicum annuum cv. Brody). The PSV movement protein (MP) was not able to function with the coat protein (CP) of CMV unless the C-terminal 42 amino acids were deleted from the PSV MP. As a result of the inoculation experiments, MP was considered the protein influencing symptom phenotypes on N. benthamiana and responsible for the host range difference on the pepper. Since plasmodesmata (PD) localization of viral MPs is essential for cell-to-cell movement, subcellular localization of GFP-tagged MPs (CMV-MP-eGFP, PSV-MP-eGFP) was observed. In the case of CMV-MP-eGFP, clear colocalization with PD was detected in both hosts, but PSV-MP-eGFP was not tightly connected to the PD in N. benthamiana and barely localized to the PD in C. annuum epidermal cells. Measuring Pearson correlation coefficients (PCCs) also supported the visual observation.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198879

The new way of triathlon preparation in youth athletes

Zsolt Szakály Zsofia Papai Marta Wilhelm

Publication Name: Journal of Physical Education and Sport

Publication Date: 2022-10-01

Volume: 22

Issue: 10

Page Range: 2589-2597

Description:

The aim of our research was to find a way, based on international experience, to examine the training method that can be successfully used in youth age groups, and as a consequence, to increase the effectiveness of the sport of triathlon. In Hungary, the methods of preparing the younger age group (10-18 y) are not yet uniform. Hungarian triathletes do not dominate at the international level, neither in the junior age groups nor in the elite field. Two basic methods "fight" each other in Hungary, the so-called "threshold" training (training at the anaerobic threshold), the effectiveness of which has been proven by numerous studies in various sports. The aim of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of “Polarized” (Pol) and “Threshold” (TR) training in youth ages (15-18y). Male youth triathlete subjects taking part in systematic training (n=10, n(Pol) =5; n(TR)=5) were studied. Performance (time), physiological data from spiroergometry (vita maxima) tests and anthropometric features were measured in this longitudinal study (3 years). Performance improvement, relative oxygen uptake (rVO2max) and aerobic time significantly increased (p<0.05) in Pol group, while differences of their anthropometric features did not change significantly during the research. No significant changes were found in any parameters of TR group. There were no significant differences of anthropometric and cardiovascular (Heart Rate) characteristics between the two groups in any assessment. The differences of rVO2max and relative aerobic capacity at the anaerobic threshold were significant in the Pol group (p<0.05) at the second and third measurements. Performance improvement and time in aerobic zone increased more in the Pol group than in the TR group (p<0.05). The Pol training method proved to be more effective than the TR training of the studied group.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.7752/jpes.2022.10328

Social Capital Factors Fostering the Sustainable Competitiveness of Enterprises

Laszlo Vasa Jana Štofková Halyna Mishchuk Olena Joshi Vita Krol

Publication Name: Sustainability Switzerland

Publication Date: 2022-10-01

Volume: 14

Issue: 19

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

The study aimed to determine the factors of social capital (SC) of enterprises that can have a significant impact on achieving sustainable competitiveness. In this regard, the study tested the SEM-analysis method for evaluating hypotheses regarding the influence of factors of relational, cognitive and structural social capital of enterprises on financial and non-financial indicators of competitiveness. Empirical data for the study were obtained on the basis of a sociological survey conducted by the authors of managers and owners of enterprises in Ukraine from December 2020 to March 2021. The obtained results and modelled relationships of factors confirmed the significant influence of factors of social capital of enterprises on competitiveness. At the same time, the results revealed the most essential influence of efforts to develop strategic partnerships with suppliers (as part of structural SC), efforts to form a positive image of the enterprise and satisfaction with horizontal relationships (as part of relational SC), general satisfaction with the psychological climate in the team, the establishment of corporate culture as well as own efforts to support and develop corporate culture (among the factors of cognitive SC).

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/su141911905

Elements of Divergence in Urbanization between Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and the Core of the Continent

Dávid Fekete Krisztina Gálos Péter Faragó

Publication Name: Sustainability Switzerland

Publication Date: 2022-10-01

Volume: 14

Issue: 19

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

There is an ongoing debate regarding whether the EU-10 converges at the core of Europe or not. Although the evidence supports both perspectives, the gap in urbanization is undeniable. In this explorative study, two economic processes contributing to this disparity—foreign direct investment and migration—were analyzed and contextualized with respect to urbanization using grounded theory. It was concluded that there is slight convergence in the frontier, usually in urbanized areas of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), but not in the rural areas; additionally, the rural–urban dichotomy within the CEE countries is deepening due to the self-enhancing nature of the analyzed processes.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/su141912377

Photosynthesis Monitoring in Microalgae Cultures Grown on Municipal Wastewater as a Nutrient Source in Large-Scale Outdoor Bioreactors

Zouhayr Arbib Francisco Gabriel Acién Fernández Bernardo Cicchi Marta Barceló-Villalobos João Artur Câmara Manoel Cintia Gómez-Serrano Victor A. Robles Carnero Ángel Encinas Bogeat Ana Sanches Zurano Karolína Ranglová Juan Luis Gómez Pinchetti Vince Ördög Ana Margarita Silva Benavides Giuseppe Torzillo Jiří Masojídek L. Vörös Frank Rogalla Félix Lopez Figueroa

Publication Name: Biology

Publication Date: 2022-10-01

Volume: 11

Issue: 10

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Microalgae cultures were used for a WW treatment to remediate nutrients while producing biomass and recycling water. In these trials, raceway ponds (RWPs; 1 and 0.5 ha) were located next to a municipal (WW) treatment plant in Mérida, Spain. The ponds were used for continuous, all-year-round microalgae production using WW as a source of nutrients. Neither CO2 nor air was supplied to cultures. The objective was to validate photosynthesis monitoring techniques in large-scale bioreactors. Various in-situ/ex-situ methods based on chlorophyll fluorescence and oxygen evolution measurements were used to follow culture performance. Photosynthesis variables gathered with these techniques were compared to the physiological behavior and growth of cultures. Good photosynthetic activity was indicated by the build-up of dissolved oxygen concentration up to 380% saturation, high photochemical yield (Fv/Fm = 0.62–0.71), and relative electron transport rate rETR between 200 and 450 μmol e− m−2 s−1 at midday, which resulted in biomass productivity of about 15–25 g DW m−2 day−1. The variables represent reliable markers reflecting the physiological status of microalgae cultures. Using waste nutrients, the biomass production cost can be significantly decreased for abundant biomass production in large-scale bioreactors, which can be exploited for agricultural purposes.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/biology11101380

Synthesis of multiperiod heat exchanger networks: Minimum utility consumption in each period

Ákos Orosz Rozália Lakner Bing Shen How Ferenc Friedler

Publication Name: Computers and Chemical Engineering

Publication Date: 2022-10-01

Volume: 166

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Heat exchanger networks in real industrial processes often have to be designed for varying parameters of the process streams that renders multiperiod heat exchanger network synthesis essential in industrial realization. However, three standing issues must be considered in the synthesis procedure. (1) The generated network should be efficient in all periods, preferably consuming minimum utility. (2) This network should also be structurally as simple as possible for minimizing the investment cost and making the process controllable. Furthermore, (3) all or the n-best networks that fulfilled the first two principles must be considered for the selection of the most preferred industrial realization. The method proposed in the current work satisfies all three requirements simultaneously; it has been the only known method with these properties. The method primarily relies on the formerly developed P-graph-based heat exchanger network synthesis procedure. Three case studies demonstrate the application of the proposed method.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2022.107949