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Publications - 6374

The Autonomous Software Stack of the FRED-003C: The Development that LED to Full-Scale Autonomous Racing

Gergely Bári Zalán Demeter Ármin Bogár-Németh Levente Puskás Martin Nádas Zsolt Farkas Balázs Tuba Balázs Kovács Ádám Matkovics

Publication Name: IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium Proceedings

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 1661-1667

Description:

Scientific development often takes place in the context of research projects carried out by dedicated students during their time at university. In the field of self-driving software research, the Formula Student Driverless competitions are an excellent platform to promote research and attract young engineers. This article presents the software stack developed by BME Formula Racing Team, that formed the foundation of the development that ultimately led us to full-scale autonomous racing. The experience we gained here contributes greatly to our successful participation in the Abu Dhabi Autonomous Racing League. We therefore think it is important to share the system we used, providing a valuable starting point for other ambitious students. We provide a detailed description of the software pipeline we used, including a brief description of the hardware-software architecture. Furthermore, we introduce the methods that we developed for the modules that implement perception; localisation and mapping, planning, and control tasks.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1109/IV64158.2025.11097721

Constraint-Aware and Economic Optimization of Riverbank Retaining Walls Using Metaheuristic Algorithms

Edina Koch Shaymaa Alsamia Mais Mayassah

Publication Name: Water Switzerland

Publication Date: 2026-02-01

Volume: 18

Issue: 3

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

The optimal design of riverbank retaining walls requires a careful balance between structural safety, constructability, and economic efficiency. In this study, a constraint-aware optimization framework is developed for the design of concrete gravity retaining walls by explicitly incorporating stability, serviceability, and geometric feasibility constraints. Several metaheuristic algorithms are comparatively evaluated under identical computational conditions using 30 independent runs, a population size of 50, and 1000 iterations. The results demonstrate that enforcing geometric constraints is essential to prevent non-physical designs and to ensure engineering realism. Quantitative analysis shows that the Flower Fertilization Optimization (FFO) algorithm yields the minimum wall weight, reducing material usage by approximately 19% compared to more conservative solutions. In contrast, the adaptive exploration artificial bee colony (AEABC) algorithm exhibits the most robust and repeatable convergence behavior with low statistical dispersion across independent runs. An economic assessment based on concrete volume further confirms the direct impact of material efficiency on construction cost. The proposed framework highlights the importance of constraint-aware optimization for achieving reliable and economically efficient retaining wall designs.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/w18030434

Passive Occupant Safety Solutions for Non-Conventional Seating Positions

I. Lakatos Laszlo Porkolab

Publication Name: Future Transportation

Publication Date: 2026-02-01

Volume: 6

Issue: 1

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

In a fully autonomous vehicle, the driver becomes a passenger, free to adopt different seating positions. This change challenges traditional passive safety systems—such as seatbelts, airbags and seat design—that are optimised for a forward-facing position. As autonomous vehicles are integrated into mixed traffic with conventional cars, solutions need to address these challenges. In this intermediate stage, fully autonomous cars will need a system that, in the event of an accident, can rotate the seats to the most ideal position tested by the manufacturer. This could be a number of positions where the seat, airbags and seatbelts are optimised, taking into account the expected direction of impact. It is important that the rotation is not too radical, as this would increase the risk of injury. In addition, the seat dimensions need to be increased to improve energy absorption in the event of a collision, thereby reducing the impact forces on the occupants and improving overall safety. To improve passive protection, airbags will continue to be used in the future, but in completely new positions, sizes and shapes. This research aims to identify potential passive occupant safety solutions for seat positions that have been rotated in fully autonomous vehicles. The finite element simulation model on which the results in this article are based was developed in an earlier phase of the research. The current research combines two previously conducted research directions, using the modified seat and the developed airbag concept. This research’s main outcome is a system that effectively protects occupants in rotated seat positions. It maintains all evaluated injury criteria below their threshold limits and ensures controlled occupant kinematics.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/futuretransp6010007

Development of FEM Model to Simulate Radiosonde Collisions

János Jósvai Kristóf Lajber Norbert Hegyi

Publication Name: Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 59

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 284-290

Description:

This paper deals with safety requirements for radiosondes and their possible finite element method (FEM) simulations. This article proposes a soft outer layer, which exhibits the use of a Polyurethane foam (PUR foam) layer on radiosondes. Analysis and tests of normal and PUR foam layer coated radiosonde's collisions with test targets were done. FEM models were created to model the collisions of radiosondes with virtual targets at drop tests in different scenarios. To compare and verify the virtual results, specified real-life drop test measurements were carried out. The measured data was analyzed and showed an average accuracy of 8% in force measurements, and 2.22% accuracy in duration of the tests. Based on these virtual and real-life tests it was demonstrated, that an FEM model can simulate the end result of using PUR foam layers on radiosondes. It also demonstrated that the applicable PUR foam layer increases a safer collision also increasing the chance of maintaining functionality of the radiosondes.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3233/ATDE240557

Asbestos Poverty as a New Paradigm for Multidimensional Urban Sustainability

Dalma Schmeller Gergely Zoltán Macher Dóra Sipos Dalma Bódizs

Publication Name: Journal of Urban Health

Publication Date: 2026-02-01

Volume: 103

Issue: 1

Page Range: 214-228

Description:

The popularity of asbestos-containing products stemmed from their fire resistance, thermal insulation properties, and mechanical strength. However, their well-documented adverse health effects led to the prohibition of their use in many countries. This research aims to conduct a comprehensive examination of the often-overlooked social dimensions associated with asbestos, with a specific focus on the affected population’s circumstances and the potential solutions accessible to them. Its analysis encompasses legal regulations concerning asbestos, societal awareness, and the economic implications of asbestos removal from the perspective of those impacted. The findings highlight that the remediation of asbestos-containing products is often contingent on the financial and social conditions of the affected population, posing significant challenges for the economic sector and environmental protection efforts. This research contributes to the development of integrated approaches that address social, economic, and environmental dimensions in tandem. Its originality lies in situating the concepts of social sustainability and socially oriented environmental development within the context of asbestos-related policies. The findings suggest that achieving asbestos-free environments is feasible only through the integration of social dimensions, taking into account the economic and social conditions of the affected communities.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/s11524-026-01063-5

Endothermic–Exothermic Hybrid Foaming of Recycled PET Blends

Gusztáv Fekete V. A. Szabó Gabor Dogossy

Publication Name: Journal of Composites Science

Publication Date: 2024-10-01

Volume: 8

Issue: 10

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Over the past decades, the use of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) has seen significant growth, particularly in the packaging industry. However, its long decomposition time poses serious environmental challenges. The aim of this research was to develop a process for the foaming of large quantities of recycled PET (rPET) using endothermic and exothermic foaming agents. Various formulations with different ratios of endothermic and exothermic foaming agents were prepared, as well as their mixtures. The study found that the endothermic–exothermic hybrid foaming process resulted in a finer cell-size distribution and enhanced mechanical properties, making the foams highly suitable for widespread applications. The results support the potential use of exothermic foaming agents as nucleating agents in a hybrid foaming system. In particular, the ratio of 3% endothermic and 1% exothermic foaming agents proved optimal in terms of achieving a balance between porosity and mechanical strength, thereby enabling broad industrial applicability.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/jcs8100383

Eating styles of young females in Azerbaijan

Adrienn Dernóczy-Polyák Veronika Keller Rugiyya Alasgarova

Publication Name: International Review on Public and Nonprofit Marketing

Publication Date: 2019-03-01

Volume: 16

Issue: 1

Page Range: 43-60

Description:

An epidemic of twenty-first century is overweight and obesity which is a consequence of inappropriate eating habits and sedentary lifestyle. Relying on statistical data overweight and obesity is a serious problem for young people, since the ratio of obese young people (below 35) is constantly increasing in the developed regions of the world. In an empirical research 419 adult females between 24 and 38 were questioned. The aim of the research was to segment Azerbaijan females belonging to Generation Y based on their eating behaviour. In order to measure eating behaviour the shorter version of Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-R 18) including 18 items was used. Relying on the results three main consumer groups can be distinguished, namely functional eaters (36.3%), conscious eaters (27.2%) and emotional and hedonic eaters (36.5%). Functional eaters have average level of income and bachelor degree. They are typically single. They do moderate physical activity and have normal weight based on their BMI. Conscious eaters have high level of income (over the average) and bachelor or master degree. The ratio of married and single women is almost the same among them. They do regularly sport, mainly once a week, or at least three times a week. They can be characterized by underweight or normal body weight. Emotional and hedonic eaters have low income level and associate or bachelor degree. They are single. They follow sedentary lifestyle; none of them do high level of physical activity and they have problems with their weight (overweight or obesity). Segmenting customers based on their eating styles are really useful for health sector, especially doctors, dietetics and psychologists since they can plan their assortment based on customers’ needs or plan a personal diet.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/s12208-019-00218-2

A 4-year study of bovine reproductive hormones that are induced by pharmaceuticals and appear as steroid estrogenic pollutants in the resulting slurry, using in vitro and instrumental analytical methods

Pál Szakál Judit Plutzer Renato Kalocsai László Környei Ákos Bede-Fazekas Richárd Gubó Eduard Gubó Tamás Szakál Dora Pordan-Haber Tibor Molnar Zoltán Szalai Lili Szabó

Publication Name: Environmental Science and Pollution Research International

Publication Date: 2023-12-01

Volume: 30

Issue: 60

Page Range: 125596-125608

Description:

The main objective of the research was to study the environmental "price" of the large-scale, milk production from a rarely known perspective, from the mapping of the estrogenic footprint (the amount of oestrus-inducer hormonal products, and the generated endoestrogens) in the resulting slurry in a dairy cow farm. These micropollutants are endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and can be dangerous to the normal reproductive functions even at ng/kg concentration. One of them, 17ß-estradiol, has a 20,000 times stronger estrogenic effect than bisphenol-A, a widely known EDC of industrial origin. While most studies on EDCs are short-term and/or laboratory based, this study is longitudinal and field-based. We sampled the slurry pool on a quarterly basis between 2017 and 2020. Our purpose was testing the estrogenic effects using a dual approach. As an effect-based, holistic method, we developed and used the YES (yeast estrogen screen) test employing the genetically modified Saccharomyces cerevisiae BJ3505 strain which contains human estrogenic receptor. For testing exact molecules, UHPLC-FLD was used. Our study points out that slurry contains a growing amount of EDCs with the risk of penetrating into the soil, crops and the food chain. Considering the Green Chemistry concept, the most benign ways to prevent of the pollution of the slurry is choosing appropriate oestrus-inducing veterinary pharmaceuticals (OIVPs) and the separation of the solid and liquid parts with adequate treatment methods. To our knowledge, this is the first paper on the adaptation of the YES test for medicine and slurry samples, extending its applicability. The adapted YES test turned out to be a sensitive, robust and reliable method for testing samples with potential estrogenic effect. Our dual approach was successful in evaluating the estrogenic effect of the slurry samples.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31126-y

Quantification of total polyphenol content in wine lees by conventional optical and photoacoustic spectroscopy

Zsolt Zsófi György Végvári G. Simon G. Ficzek Szabolcs Villangó Ottó Dóka

Publication Name: Oeno One

Publication Date: 2023-03-30

Volume: 57

Issue: 2

Page Range: 257-264

Description:

The He-Ne laser (632.8 nm) and photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS), a variant of the photothermal methods, were combined with the Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetry method to determine total phenolics in wine lees. Utilising this method we found that the total polyphenol content of the nine selected wine lees varied from 1305 to 3907 mg/L. The gallic acid equivalent was determined by means of spectrophotometry using 765 nm as the analytical wavelength. The original Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetry assay was modified for the PAS measurements. Since the PAS does not need dilution, the filtration steps and the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent were used directly on the wine lees samples. Using the original colour reaction process and the modified reaction, the PAS showed linear behaviour between the total polyphenol content and the PA signal; the results of which gave determination coefficients of 0.9946 and 0.9936, while the limit of detection was 232.6 mg/L in both cases.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.20870/oeno-one.2023.57.2.7178