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Publications - 6374

Autonomous Vehicles and the Infrastructure of the World Trade Law

Balázs Horváthy

Publication Name: Future Transportation

Publication Date: 2026-04-01

Volume: 6

Issue: 2

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

The development of new technologies, particularly autonomous vehicles, poses significant challenges and opportunities for international trade law. Legal frameworks must adapt to technological shifts while facilitating cross-border commerce. This paper examines the relationship between emerging technologies and the existing infrastructure of world trade law, focusing specifically on how current WTO agreements address technological developments. The analysis employs a legal doctrinal approach, examining the applicability of key WTO agreements to new technologies through the lens of technology-neutral interpretation. Departing from ‘dialectical relationship theory’ (Cottier), the research investigates the influence of new technologies on the legal infrastructure of international trade and how the latter can respond to their use and development. Current WTO frameworks demonstrate technology-neutral applicability to emerging technologies, including autonomous vehicles and related services. However, the paper identifies significant practical limitations arising from the ‘mosaic’ nature of member state commitments and varying levels of liberalization across relevant technology-related sectors. The findings suggest that, while the existing WTO infrastructure theoretically has the capacity to accommodate technological advances, realizing the full benefits of global trade in new technologies may require either the harmonized extension of WTO member-state commitments or the adoption of specific legislation to address current regulatory fragmentation.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/futuretransp6020060

Validation of finite element connection modeling by comparison of experimental and virtual power injection methods

Dániel Feszty Marcell Treszkai David Sipos

Publication Name: Journal of Vibroengineering

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 25

Issue: 1

Page Range: 209-225

Description:

There are several ways to obtain the matrix of damping loss factors and coupling loss factors for Statistical Energy Analysis. The most recent approach is Virtual SEA, where the Power Injection Method is performed virtually on a finite element model. In order to validate this approach, the most common connection types are investigated in this paper through an L-junction of two coupled steel plates. Virtual SEA and experimental Power Injection Method results are compared in a bent, line welded, superglued and spotwelded variants. The respective finite element connection representation is also validated during the comparison. It was found that with the correct simulation setup, Virtual SEA provides good agreement with the experimental results. In case of the spotwelded variants, further investigations were necessary regarding the parameters of the connection. The influence of these parameters was evaluated and the greatest source of deviations in the results is found.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.21595/jve.2022.22754

A Framework for Effective Virtual Commissioning: Guiding Principles for Seamless System Integration

Adam Csapo Norbert Szántó Richárd Korpai

Publication Name: Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing

Publication Date: 2024-08-01

Volume: 8

Issue: 4

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Virtual commissioning (VC), defined as the simulation and testing of systems in a virtual environment before physical implementation, plays a key role in addressing the challenges of integrating and validating complex systems efficiently and effectively. This paper focuses on the topic of virtual commissioning, summarizing and organizing existing research in the field. The paper provides a comprehensive overview of various design methods and technologies currently in use. A case study of virtual commissioning is also presented within the area of the Cyber-Physical Manufacturing Systems Laboratory of the Széchenyi István University, detailing the solution steps taken. Drawing on both research and practical experience, the paper proposes a novel framework to support virtual commissioning design, referred to as the “Virtual Commissioning House” (VCH). The methodology is evaluated through comparisons with existing virtual commissioning solutions, demonstrating its effectiveness.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/jmmp8040165

Batch process scheduling with eS-graph: A case study

Máté Hegyháti

Publication Name: Chemical Engineering Transactions

Publication Date: 2018-01-01

Volume: 70

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 115-120

Description:

The scheduling of batch processes is a widely researched field of chemical engineering. Over the last few decades, a great number of tools have been developed for industrial examples and literature problems. These methods vary not only in their applied model, but in their representation of the problem inputs as well. The most well-known representations are the State-Task Network, the Resource-Task Network, the State Sequence Network, and the S-graph. While the latter also serves as the mathematical model for the related optimization approaches, the others only act as an intermediate model between the raw problem data and the model used for optimization, e.g., a mixed-integer linear programming model. The eS-graph model is a generalization of the S-graph, where the one-to-one relation between nodes and tasks has been relaxed, allowing a much wider range of scheduling problems to be tackled. Processes may simultaneously occupy several units, and release them at different stages of execution, and certain stages of separate processes can be forced to overlap in time. As in the case of the S-graph, the eS-graph models can be solved to optimality by specially designed combinatorial algorithms or serve as a basis for precedence based linear programming formulations. In this work, the modelling capacities of the eS-graph framework are illustrated via a Polymer production case study, where complex timing constraints are present.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3303/CET1870020

Sensitivity analysis of the weighted generalized mean aggregation operator and its application to fuzzy signatures

Adam Bukovics Istvan A. Harmati Laszlo T. Koczy

Publication Name: IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems

Publication Date: 2014-09-04

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 1327-1332

Description:

In this paper we give bounds on the changing of the weighted generalized mean in terms of vector norms of the changing of the variables. Applying this result we characterize the sensitivity of fuzzy signatures which equipped with weighted generalized mean operators in their nodes. Finally, a practical example from civil engineering is also examined.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1109/FUZZ-IEEE.2014.6891814

Interactive Effects of Tillage, Nitrogen Fertilisation, and Herbicide Management: Impacts on Soil CO2 Emissions and Agroecosystem Dynamics in a Maize Production

Viktoria Vona G. Pinke István Mihály Kulmány Laszló Bede Sándor Zsebő Dávid Stencinger Bálint Horváth Agampodi Gihan Shyamal Dharmendra De Silva Jabir Ali Abdinoor Gergő Hegedüs Zainulabdeen Khalaf Hashim Bahar Makbule Temeltürk Emőke Ruzsics Áron Licskai

Publication Name: Soil Systems

Publication Date: 2026-02-01

Volume: 10

Issue: 2

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Agriculture must balance productivity with greenhouse gas emissions, biodiversity, and resource concerns. This study examined how tillage (conventional, CT; minimum, MT), nitrogen fertilisation (0–221 kg N ha−1), and herbicide rates (0–100%) interactively affected soil CO2 emissions, vegetation vigour, and weed diversity in maize production during 2022. A factorial experiment was conducted on a 1 ha with 40 plots monitored soil temperature, moisture, penetration resistance, normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI), weed diversity (Simpson’s Index), and CO2 emissions (closed-chamber method). Minimum tillage increased soil water retention (9.3 ± 6.5% vs. 5.4 ± 4.3%), soil temperature (28.0 ± 1.5), and compaction (0.6 ± 0.3 vs. 0.1 ± 0.0 MPa), while enhancing weed diversity (0.53–0.80 vs. 0.38–0.67). MT produced higher CO2 emissions than CT, especially at 147 kg N ha−1 (49.9 ± 15.7 vs. 29.1 ± 11.6 μmol m−2 s−1), peaking under MT-147 kg N ha−1-H75 (79.4 ± 1.2 μmol m−2 s−1). NDVI responses varied between tillage systems; under CT, vegetation vigour peaked at 75% herbicide application, while under MT vegetation was more responsive to nitrogen and more sensitive to herbicide, highlighting nitrogen × herbicide interaction trade-offs. Overall, MT enhanced water conservation and weed diversity but increased short-term CO2 emissions. This study reports first-year, site-specific results from an ongoing multi-year field experiment; therefore, the findings were interpreted as short-term, season-specific responses. This highlights the need for site-specific, climate-smart management that integrates emissions, soil health, biodiversity, and productivity.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/soilsystems10020026

Some considerations on data mining from questionnaires by constructing fuzzy signatures based on factor analysis

Dalia Susniene Ojaras Purvinis Laszlo T. Koczy

Publication Name: Journal of Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems

Publication Date: 2019-01-01

Volume: 36

Issue: 4

Page Range: 3739-3749

Description:

To interpret and to process the answers to questionnaires with large amount of questions may be not easy task. They are multidimensional data, sometimes with high dimensionality (in the hundreds). Therefore, it is necessary that some data reduction approach should be employed. On the other hand, answers to specific questions in questionnaires are imprecise, and the type and degree of imprecision is determined by the kind of the questions. The authors of the paper consider the imprecise answers to management type questions using a numerical scale as fuzzy degrees, and based on the semantic connections among the individual questions, a hierarchical structure is assumed. The paper suggests the use of factor analysis in order to determine this hierarchical structure, and thus the construction of fuzzy signatures from the tree graph representing the connections among the questions and answers, and the values normalized into membership degrees are assigned to the leaves of this tree. An interesting issue is how to determine the aggregations at the intermediate nodes. This may happen based on management science domain expert knowledge, and validated by the obtained results. Kohonen maps are used to demonstrate the clusters emerging among the overall fuzzy degrees representing the Fuzzy Signatures. The evaluation brings some results that partly confirm soft science based assumptions about employee behavior in the literature, and partly bring some interesting novel recognitions that may be brought in feedback to the original management science related problem, where the new method is illustrated.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-18548

Sustainability Challenges of the Interior Design Supply Chain Processes—A Mixed Method Approach with Critical Incident Technique

Boglárka Eisingerné Balassa László Buics Antónia Payer Boglárka Eisingerné Balassa

Publication Name: Sustainability Switzerland

Publication Date: 2026-04-01

Volume: 18

Issue: 7

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Environmental awareness is playing an increasingly important role in all segments of the world, with sustainability and recycling being key elements. The aim of the research is to examine the challenges companies face in terms of sustainability when implementing procurement and supply chain management processes related to interior design. The research focused on four main questions: how procurement and supply chain management are reflected in construction processes, what challenges these processes face, and how they can influence the sustainable use of materials in architectural supply chains. The literature review was based on a systematic literature review using the PRISMA screening process and the PEO framework, utilizing the SCOPUS database and processing 70 scientific articles following the selection process. During the research, I also used the Critical Incident Technique (CIT), in which I asked interior designers about their positive and negative experiences with the procurement of sustainable materials and supply chain management processes. The methodology thus provided deeper insight into the decision-making processes of professionals, where sustainability conflicts with economic and operational realities. The qualitative research was supplemented by a questionnaire survey, which aimed to assess sustainability, its prevalence, and professional obstacles. The results of the research show that this topic is a research gap, but the openness of professionals shows a positive trend. Companies face numerous challenges related to new technologies and environmental awareness in order to create or transform well-functioning supply chain management processes.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/su18073169

Molecular phylogeny of the operculated land snail family Pupinidae (Caenogastropoda, Cyclophoroidea) in mainland Southeast Asia

Somsak Panha Chirasak Sutcharit Barna Páll-Gergely Parin Jirapatrasilp Chi Tse Lee Elisa Becher Piyoros Tongkerd Bernhard Hausdorf

Publication Name: Zoologica Scripta

Publication Date: 2025-07-01

Volume: 54

Issue: 4

Page Range: 526-547

Description:

The operculated land snail family Pupinidae from mainland Southeast Asia has been systematically revised based on shell morphology. Despite previous morphological studies, the evolutionary relationships within this family remained unclear. This study represents the first comprehensive molecular phylogeny of this snail group, utilising two mitochondrial (COI and 16S rRNA) and two nuclear (5.8S rRNA + ITS2 and 28S rRNA) genetic markers. Additionally, we conducted phylogenetic analyses of Pupina species from 1106 loci generated through double-digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq). It turned out that Southeast Asian Pollicaria emerged as a sister clade to Central American Aperostoma of the Megalomastomatidae, leading to the resurrection of the Pollicariidae. Among the remaining pupinid genera, Tortulosa was nested within the Coptocheilus clade, while Pupina and Pupinella were not monophyletic. The previously recognised Pupina arula species group was found to be monophyletic and was reclassified into Tylotoechus (formerly a Pupina subgenus), based on distinctive conchological characters such as an extending parietal tooth from a parietal callus and a wide, outward-curving posterior canal. However, some Pupina and Tylotoechus species were not retrieved as monophyletic, suggesting the presence of multiple ‘cryptic species’. Divergence time estimation indicated that the Pupinidae split could date back to the Late Triassic to Early Cretaceous, with the first diversification of pupinid genera occurring during the Middle Jurassic and Early Cretaceous. This successful reconstruction of a robust phylogeny using ddRADseq loci demonstrates the significant potential of RADseq techniques in elucidating the evolutionary relationships of deeply divergent taxa. Further studies incorporating the type species Tylotoechus destructus and Pupina keraudrenii are necessary to justify the usage of these genera.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12727