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Publications - 6374

Identifying behavioural addictions in endurance and ultra-endurance runners: a population at risk?

Beat Knechtle Volker Scheer David Valero Encarna Valero Attila Szabo

Publication Name: International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology

Publication Date: 2026-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Behavioural addictions may negatively impact athletic performance and overall health. Little data exist on endurance runners. We conducted a cross-sectional survey study in endurance (≥21.1 km to 42.2 km) and ultra-endurance runners (≥42.2 km), screening for alcohol misuse, substance use (SU), gambling, and exercise addictions (EA) while assessing potential associated risk factors. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, the Kruskal–Wallis H-test with post-hoc Dunn´s test, a Multivariable Logistic Regression model, and a CatBoost Classifier, with model interpretability techniques such as Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) and Partial Dependence Plots (PDPs). Of 601 runners, 222 were females (37%); their mean age was 42.8±10.1 years; 28.6% screened positive for alcohol, 26.1% for SU, 18.1% for EA, and 8.0% for problematic gambling. SU was more prevalent among female runners (p = 0.02) and half-marathoners (p = 0.007), whereas gambling was more common among men (p = 0.02). Women reported higher EA than men (p < 0.001). Risk factors for alcohol misuse included younger age (25–33 years, p = 0.007), fewer workouts (p = 0.025), and higher income (p < 0.001). SU risk was associated with competition frequency (p = 0.011), injury-related absences (p = 0.002), and EA (p = 0.044). SU included caffeine, cannabis, nicotine, cocaine, ecstasy, and solvents. Gambling risk was associated with younger age (p < 0.001) and EA (p = 0.049). More workouts (p = 0.025) were related to higher EA. Based on these results, we recommend raising awareness, implementing broader screening programmes, and providing educational and support for athletes and staff.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1080/1612197X.2026.2628579

Hospital Admission Classification of Cardiac Patients Utilizing Metaheuristics-Optimized Two Tier Framework

Milos Dobrojevic Nebojsa Bacanin Dragan Pamucar Miodrag Zivkovic Jovan Petrovic Petar Dabic Tamara Zivkovic Vladimir Simic

Publication Name: International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems

Publication Date: 2026-12-01

Volume: 19

Issue: 1

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Accurate evaluation of a cardiac patient’s risk at the point of hospital entry is critical for efficient triage and ensuring timely, suitable medical intervention. This study aims to forecast a range of clinical outcomes by leveraging admission data from a cardiac care unit, utilizing a refined and optimized machine learning approach. This research introduces a hybrid architecture that integrates convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with advanced machine learning classifiers, namely light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM) and categorical boosting (CatBoost), further enhanced through metaheuristic optimization techniques to maximize their performance. The proposed two-tiered design organizes feature extraction and final decision modeling into a coherent pipeline tailored for multi-class hospital admission classification. A comprehensive evaluation using a real-world hospital admission dataset demonstrates the framework’s effectiveness on a real-world, publicly available hospital admission dataset, supporting its utility for multi-class cardiac outcome prediction. Three experiments were conducted using publicly available datasets, where the best-performing models achieved a peak classification accuracy of 99.79%. Furthermore, explainable AI techniques were employed to interpret model predictions, offering actionable insights that can guide future data acquisition and strengthen the accurate classification of cardiac patients.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/s44196-025-01127-5

An accelerated digital CNN-UM (CASTLE) architecture by using the pipe-line technique

P. Keresztes Timót Hidvégi Péter Szolgay

Publication Name: Proceedings of the IEEE International Workshop on Cellular Neural Networks and their Applications

Publication Date: 2002-01-01

Volume: 2002-January

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 355-362

Description:

Different CNN-UM architecture implementations, analog and emulated digital, were developed. The emulated digital architecture (CASTLE) is accurate but slower than the analog CNN-UMs. It is generally disadvantageous especially if transient computing is critical. The operation speed of the emulated digital implementations, namely CASTLE, can be increased significantly using the pipeline technique. This solution is analyzed with respect to area, time, etc. These arithmetic cores were tested and simulated using a VIRTEX FPGA development system.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1109/CNNA.2002.1035070

Semi-empirical model for predicting the swelling stress of compacted, unsaturated expansive soils

Elizabeth Theron Armand Augustin Fondjo R. P. Ray

Publication Name: Civil Engineering and Architecture

Publication Date: 2021-01-01

Volume: 9

Issue: 1

Page Range: 225-239

Description:

Heaving soils are the most problematic worldwide. These soils develop swelling stress that produces uplift forces detrimental to the foundations. In engineering practice, swelling stress is not considered in general. Considering the swelling stress in foundation design enhances the service life of construction. The oedometer swelling test is the technique ordinarily used to assess the swelling stress. Nonetheless, the oedometer swelling test is cumbersome, time-consuming, making the test unattractive, and not cost-effective for the low-cost housing project. The objective of this research work is to propose a model to predict swelling stress as an alternative to oedometer testing. Geotechnical studies such as Atterberg limits, particle size distribution, free swell ratio, specific gravity, linear shrinkage, suction measurement, Proctor compaction test, and zero-swell test are performed to estimate the soil properties. Multivariate regression analysis is performed using NCSS.11 Program to develop the predictive model. The model is assessed base on the following: determining coefficient value, comparing predicted values with experimental values, comparing the proposed model with other existing models found in the literature. Besides, the Box-cox transformation function is used to improve the accuracy of the model. The developed model can be utilized to assess the swelling stress of compacted heaving soils, and it is much more accurate than other existing models.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.13189/cea.2021.090119

The Prospect of Using the Dual Gauge Line for the Ukraine–Hungary Railway Connection

Szabolcs Fischer Mykola Kurhan Dmytro Kurhan

Publication Name: Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 51

Issue: 1

Page Range: 70-78

Description:

There are several international transport corridors in Hungary. Záhony railway station is one of the largest hubs in Europe, providing a railway connection between Ukraine and the European Union. Two different railway tracks meet and come together here, such as the standard (1435 mm) and broad (1520 mm) gauges. The availability of a developed infrastructure of the dual gauge on the territory of Hungary presupposes the corresponding development of the railway connection by Ukraine. In order to effectively use the dual gauge line and solve problems of special design, it is necessary to ensure the appropriate train flows. This research aims to provide scientific support for express analysis of the railway routes' competitiveness between Ukraine and the European Union to define the determining factors. The application of such approaches provides a tool for establishing the prospects for the development of existing railway lines, considering their features. Scientific approaches to creating methods for determining the priority areas of railway transport have been further developed. Apart from involving such essential indices as average speed and traffic volumes, the authors added the possibility of considering the presence of lines with such design features as single-track sections, non-electrified, dual gauge, etc., on the route. The theoretical background is applied as a tool for rapid calculations for increasing the competitiveness of the Chop–Záhony dual gauge line.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3311/PPtr.20572

Unraveling the Bäcklund Transformation and Interaction Phenomena in Nonlinear Dispersive Media Describing Combined pKP-BKP System in (3+1) Dimensions

Asma Rashid Butt Muhammad Rafiq Hijaz Ahmad Taha Radwan Beenish Rani Mustafa Bayram

Publication Name: Journal of Nonlinear Mathematical Physics

Publication Date: 2026-12-01

Volume: 33

Issue: 1

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

This work studies the exact solutions of the integrable (3+1)-dimensional combined potential Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (pKP) equation with the B-type Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (BKP) equation, which is used to characterize several nonlinear oscillations occurring in hydrodynamics, plasma physics, and nonlinear optics. A bilinear representation of the pKP-BKP model is used to study the properties of different wave solutions. A variety of ansatzes are utilized to derive lump cross-kink waves, lump cross-periodic waves, rogue waves, as well as two, three, and multi-wave solutions pertinent to the model. In addition, a traveling wave transformation is applied to transform the problem into an ordinary differential equation. The new auxiliary equation methodology yields solutions including rational, exponential, hyperbolic, and trigonometric functions. Graphical visualizations using 2D plots, contour plots, and 3D plots show the dynamics of the obtained solutions. These solutions are of great importance in nonlinear fiber optics and telecommunications, which contribute to our understanding of the fundamental physical models.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/s44198-025-00372-8

Introduction of a New Variable and the Problem of Complexity in Determining Impact Speeds in Vehicle–Pedestrian Accidents

Diána Henézi Csaba József Májer

Publication Name: Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering

Publication Date: 2025-08-15

Volume: 53

Issue: 4

Page Range: 381-388

Description:

Reconstruction and analysis of road traffic accidents represent an inherently complex task. This is especially true for one of the most significant accident categories, vehicle-pedestrian collisions. Forensic traffic and vehicle technical experts must determine the relevant impact speeds in virtually all cases, based on a wide variety of objective traces. The most relevant evidence and information can be obtained on-site within a limited period following the occurrence of the accident. These indispensable sources of information cannot be reproduced later or can only be reproduced to a very minimal extent. Therefore, it is essential to uncover as many traces at the accident site as possible and as soon as possible. In certain cases, the so-called rapid expert calculations may need to be performed on-site. In this paper, we seek solutions related to these rapid calculations and to facilitating the determination of speeds that play a critical role in vehicle-pedestrian accidents. The proposed approach may simplify the daily work of forensic traffic and vehicle technical experts.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3311/PPtr.40813

Unanswered Questions on the Registration of Electric Scooters from the Perspective of the Automotive Industry and the Law

I. Lakatos Lea Pődör

Publication Name: Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering

Publication Date: 2025-08-15

Volume: 53

Issue: 4

Page Range: 364-370

Description:

The rise of micromobility has brought increased use of low-speed transport devices such as electric scooters, Segways, and e-bikes. Despite their global popularity, the legal status of electric scooters remains unclear. A key regulatory question is whether e-scooters should be classified as vehicles. While some European countries consider them vehicles, others place them under existing categories like mopeds or bicycles, or even classify them as pedestrian devices. This classification affects all subsequent regulatory considerations. This study focuses on the registration of electric scooters, a topic with limited information despite its potential to address legal issues like theft and liability. The analysis examines regulatory frameworks in select European countries, compares them with practices in certain U.S. states, and highlights successful approaches in Asia, notably Singapore. The findings emphasize the role of vehicle databases in legal problem-solving and evaluate the effectiveness of existing systems. It may also be an incentive for the legislator to consider whether appropriate solutions can be found for the registration of other means of transport (e.g., bicycles, mopeds) and whether the adoption of these options could be appropriate for electric scooters.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3311/PPtr.38788

Relationship between direct and maternal genetic effects on weaning weight of Limousin and crossbred beef calves

Szabolcs Bene Eszter Szabó Márton Szűcs Judit Márton Ferenc Szabó

Publication Name: Czech Journal of Animal Science

Publication Date: 2021-01-01

Volume: 66

Issue: 7

Page Range: 262-270

Description:

Population genetic parameters, direct and maternal breeding value, genetic trend in the weaning weight of Limousin beef cattle calves were estimated in the period 1992–2019. Data of 19 764 calves (15 437 purebred Limousin and 4 327 crossbred) were computed. Crossbred calves were sired by Limousin breeding bulls from Simmental dams. Calves in question came from 37 herds and from 240 sires in Hungary. DFREML and MTDFREML software was used for the estimation of population genetic parameters, BLUP animal model for breeding value estimation. Weighted linear regression model was used for describing genetic trends. The maternal heritability (h2m ± SE = 0.29 ± 0.03; 0.32 ± 0.10) was approximately half of the direct heritability (h2d ± SE = 0.63 ± 0.05; 0.68 ± 0.12). The direct maternal covariance is negative, the direct maternal genetic correlation coefficients (rdm ± SE = –0.80 ± 0.03 and –0.96 ± 0.07) are strong negative. The Spearman rank correlation between direct and maternal breeding value in purebred population is moderate and negative (rrank = –0.33; P < 0.01), in crossbred population it is strong and negative (rrank = –0.99; P < 0.01). According to direct and maternal breeding values of sires the genetic trend of the weaning weight of purebred and crossbred Limousin calves appeared stagnant during the examined period (b = +0.01 kg/year to +0.19 kg/year).

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.17221/298/2020-CJAS