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Publications - 6278

Study on Adult Chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera) Preferences for Cages of Different Sizes

Zsolt Gerencsér Zsolt Matics Stanisław Łapiński Zsolt Szendrő

Publication Name: Animals

Publication Date: 2024-12-01

Volume: 14

Issue: 23

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

The study aimed to investigate adult chinchillas’ preferences when choosing between cages with different floor areas, heights, or both. The size of the cages with a larger floor area was double that of the standard-sized cages in the farms (0.25 and 0.50 m2), while their height was 2.4 times that of the standard-sized cages (0.4 and 1 m). The chinchillas (10–14 in each cohort) were housed in blocks of cages where they could move freely between the smaller and larger cages. The chinchillas’ location preferences were monitored continuously over five days using infrared video recording. The chinchillas were observed in the cages with smaller floor areas 1.9 and 2.7 times more frequently than in the larger ones (p < 0.001) during the dark (active) and light (resting) periods of the day, respectively. When the cage height was 0.4 m, they chose it 3.4 and 6.7 times more frequently, respectively, than the cage that was 1 m high (p < 0.001). When both the floor size and the height were increased, the chinchillas still favored the smaller and lower cages (p < 0.001). The study findings suggest that adult chinchillas show a preference for smaller and shorter cages when the small and large cages are not environment enrichment barren, especially during the rest period of the day, even when the floor area, height, or both are increased. In the future, it would be important to investigate different forms of cage enrichment.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/ani14233368

Vehicle occupant safety development with finite element method

István Lakatos Laszlo Porkolab

Publication Name: Pollack Periodica

Publication Date: 2021-08-01

Volume: 16

Issue: 2

Page Range: 30-35

Description:

Crash tests of vehicles are specified by government programs. This laws are includes only minimum requirements for individual components. Therefore additional consumer protection load cases have been developed by independent private institutes. Finite element method simulations can reduce development periods and the number of cost-intensive real crash tests. The goals of the calculations are that the early detection of component failure, the protection of occupants or pedestrians. The biggest challenge of the future, in the field of vehicle occupant safety is the interaction of the airbags and belt system with dummy by the electric vehicles, which have the concept of autonomous driving function. The aim of the research is to investigate this area using a simulation model.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1556/606.2021.00306

Acoustic fingerprint in vehicle manufacturing as a basis for future applications

István Lakatos Jozsef Nagy

Publication Name: Pollack Periodica

Publication Date: 2025-10-27

Volume: 20

Issue: 3

Page Range: 82-87

Description:

The spread of new energy vehicles has opened a new chapter in premium-class acoustics. In e-mode, hitherto inaudible noises – suppressed by traditional engines – have become audible. Therefore, it is necessary to make subjective noises objective. The first step is to make them comparable by measuring. The result of the sum of these spectrograms is an acoustic fingerprint of the vehicle.The next step is to add them to a database. Early failure prediction and the avoidance of redundant service activities by using automated event detection led to financial savings. Data processing with machine learning opens space for car workshop support applications, and it is also possible to prevent critical failures that may begin with the help of predictive models (predictive service).

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1556/606.2025.01260

Extension of the Energetic Modeling of a Single-Stage Gear Unit to a Multi-Stage Constant Ratio Gear Unit †

József Polák

Publication Name: Engineering Proceedings

Publication Date: 2025-10-01

Volume: 113

Issue: 1

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

The difficulty in designing gears to be installed in electric vehicles is caused by the fact that the efficiency of gears is generally treated as a constant value in the entire operating range, while these show significant differences in different operating ranges; therefore, it is necessary to examine the energy and efficiency of the gear, and to create a mathematical model, which can be optimally fitted into the vehicle’s drivetrain in terms of energy. I have performed this modeling in previous years for a single-stage gear unit. However, this model encounters physical limitations, since a larger gear ratio modification cannot be performed in one stage; the number of stages must be increased as the gear ratio increases. As the number of stages increases, the structure of the mathematical model changes, as changes to the gear unit must be incorporated into the model. In this article, an extension of the mathematical model of the gear unit is presented.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/engproc2025113006

The Effects of Mineral Supplementation in Rapeseed Cake Diet on Thyroid Function and Meat Quality in Broiler Chickens

Tamás Tóth Hedvig Febel Mihály Kovács Rita Éva Horváth Ottó Dóka

Publication Name: Agriculture Switzerland

Publication Date: 2024-12-01

Volume: 14

Issue: 12

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Rapeseed is a high-quality protein source; however, its quality primarily depends on the variety, origin, and processing method. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of a mineral supplement (“Peelko”; 27% Ca, 3.5% Mg, 800 mg/kg Fe) in terms of whether it is suitable for reducing the remaining antinutritional substances in cold-pressed rapeseed cake, thereby improving the nutrient content and digestibility of rapeseed. The experiment was carried out with 600 Ross-308 broilers divided into three feeding groups: the control diet contained extracted soybean meal, the R treatment included 10–15% cold-pressed rapeseed cake (in grower and finisher phases), and the R+ treatment consisted of the mineral supplement in addition to the cold-pressed rapeseed cake. R+ had a beneficial effect on the FCR in the grower and finisher feeding phases; moreover, it increased the weight of thyroid glands and the T3 and T4 hormone levels in the blood serum to a lesser extent than R when compared to C (p < 0.05). Diet-specific changes could be observed through the histological examination of thyroid glands, where the acini became larger when the unsupplemented cold-pressed rapeseed cake was fed (R group). Using the mineral supplement (R+ diet) decreased the acinus diameter compared to the R diet, with a similar value to that observed in control birds. The protein content in the breast and fat content in the thigh showed milder changes in R+ than R, compared to C (p < 0.05). The relative ratio of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids narrowed in both R and R+ meat samples compared to C (p < 0.05). R+ may have a more favorable effect on oxidation processes according to the better MDA values in fresh meat (p < 0.001) and samples after 1–2 months of storage (p < 0.05) than R when compared with C. The negative modifications in the color parameters (L*, a*, and b*) and the organoleptic properties of the meat were less significant with R+ than R, compared to the control (p < 0.05). According to the results of this study, the R+ treatment was able to reduce the antinutritional effects of rapeseed, as evident from the properties of the resulting animal products.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/agriculture14122333

Review of materials used for ballast reinforcement

Majd Ahmad

Publication Name: Acta Technica Jaurinensis

Publication Date: 2021-08-25

Volume: 14

Issue: 3

Page Range: 315-338

Description:

This mini review summarizes the most recent research in ballast reinforcement. Several materials are being used for the purpose of improving the ballast layer in railways, including geosynthetics, rubber sheets and binding agents. Such methods of reinforcement have proven to be beneficial for increasing the strength, stiffness, and resilience of the ballast layer in addition to reducing settlement, breakage, degradation, and maintenance cost and frequency. Latest studies try to find the best types, placement, and combination of geosynthetics to achieve the highest strength and resistance, in addition to obtaining the optimum percentage of binding agents and methods of applying them in order to discover the most effective binder that achieves the most improvement to the mechanical properties of the layer for a reasonable price. An overview of the recent tests conducted to study the reinforced ballast layer and their results is presented in this paper, as well as an overall evaluation of the implementation of these reinforcement methods in railways.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.14513/actatechjaur.00610

Observation of stacked corrugated paper boxes' motion under vibration simulation

Péter Böröcz Bence Molnar

Publication Name: 21st Iapri World Conference on Packaging 2018 Packaging Driving A Sustainable Future

Publication Date: 2019-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 160-167

Description:

The unitized loads are the major form of the packed product transportation, and most of the cases the packages are fixed to the pallet with straps, stretch film or these combinations. During transport, various vibrations occur in the packaging-product system, which can damage the products. Many of studies focus on the nature of these vibrations, but the vibration varies between the layers of stacked packaging is not fully researched. This paper focuses on the different motion of the layers in the unitized loads in function of the fixing mode to the pallet. Therefore, multiple unitized loads were built from the same corrugated paper boxes in three layers with various fixing mode, to measure each layer motion during vibration. To carry out the simulation procedure, acceleration on each layer was recorded under sine and random vibration simulation. The recorded data shows, which layer motion is the most disparate from the excited motion, which fixing variant caused this difference.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: DOI not available

Presence of Borrelia Spirochetes in White Stork (Ciconia ciconia), White-Tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla), and Eastern Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca): Hospitalized in a Wild Bird Hospital and Sanctuary (Hortobágy, Hungary)

János Déri András P. Bózsik Béla P. Bózsik Béla P. Bózsik Béla P. Bózsik Egri Borisi

Publication Name: Animals

Publication Date: 2024-12-01

Volume: 14

Issue: 24

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Wild birds across the globe can carry the causative agent of avian borreliosis, Borrelia anserina, and that of human Lyme borreliosis, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in the ticks attached to them. Currently, only limited proof exists for the presence of these pathogens in samples taken from living wild birds, carried by the birds as a reservoir, without symptoms. We investigated blood samples of large-bodied wild birds admitted to a bird hospital, where basic clinical symptoms were recorded. Thirty-six blood samples were collected from them, according to the DualDur kit methodology, and investigated using dark-field microscopy to search for spirochetes. Five of the samples were also investigated by immunofluorescence microscopy to identify Borrelia burgdorferi. Since the main reason for admittance to the hospital was a physical injury, no significant symptoms were observed regarding a current Borrelia infection. Out of the sixteen birds of prey, eleven (68%) were infected with spirochetes, and fifteen out of twenty storks (75%) were also infected with spirochetes, without major symptoms. All five samples investigated using immunofluorescence were confirmed to contain the human pathogenic Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. Thus, direct investigations of the blood of wild birds may show the asymptomatic prevalence of Borrelia in the wild bird population.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/ani14243553

Vibration levels of stacked parcel packages in laboratory test environment. Over-tested or under-tested?

Péter Böröcz Bence Molnar Csaba Pánczél Zsófia Németh

Publication Name: Acta Technica Jaurinensis

Publication Date: 2021-08-25

Volume: 14

Issue: 3

Page Range: 259-269

Description:

Courier express parcel (CEP) shipments become one of the most important delivery methods in the Business-to-Consumer sales model. This paper observed and analyzed the vertical vibration levels that occur in stacked and unsecured parcels during express delivery versus the simulation in the laboratory. At the end, a detailed comparison is reported between the field and laboratory vibration levels (based on standard PSD test profile) in the frequency range of 1 – 200 Hz. For the measurement a three-layer stacked unit was used building from corrugated box samples. The result shows and analyzes the vibration levels in the stacked layers in comparison to the ISTA (International Safe Transport Association) vibration protocol where only a single parcel is required to be tested without any stacking configuration.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.14513/actatechjaur.00603