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Capacity Expansion for Sustainable Development in Family Businesses – Recyclable Packaging Materials in Food Industry

Márta Konczos Szombathelyi Kinga Nemes

Publication Name: Chemical Engineering Transactions

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 107

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 181-186

Description:

Modern society requires that the food industry reconsider packaging and evolve towards sustainable alternatives. The paper's aim is to present the special endogenous factors characteristic of SME (Small and medium-sized enterprises) family business decision-making in relation to capacity expansion. The efforts of ten SME family businesses in the Hungarian food industry related to packaging materials are presented through a case study, in-depth interviews, and cost analysis. The results show that all participants in the food chain realized that making packaging materials recyclable is essential for sustainable development. To this end, packaging material manufacturers have started to develop and now offer many alternatives of environmentally friendly and recyclable packaging materials for food industry companies. It is an important aspect for food industry companies that these environmentally friendly packaging materials have the same freshness-keeping capabilities as the previous ones. In many cases, the new environmentally friendly packaging materials require the purchase of new machines, and the new machines require the training of the workers. It can be concluded that there is a close connection between recyclable packaging and capacity expansion: the use of environmentally friendly recyclable packaging materials becomes a process of capacity expansion in the case of SME family businesses in the Hungarian food industry as well.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3303/CET23107031

Identification for Remanufacturing of a Synchronous Reluctance Machine Considering the Circular Economy Conditions

Miklós Kuczmann Mihaly Katona Tamas Orosz

Publication Name: Chemical Engineering Transactions

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 107

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 469-474

Description:

Due to the growing pressure from governmental entities and customers in the European Union, Original Equipment Manufacturers are being pushed to design and manufacture sustainable and environmentally friendly products. A profitable industrial segment is expected to emerge from recycling end-of-life electric machines. This paper aims to identify an experimental synchronous reluctance machine with faulty copper windings to remanufacture the machine. The rewound design aims to achieve similar or improved characteristics and fit the novel requirements of the circular economy. The recyclability of the machine can be significantly increased by changing the copper windings to aluminum-based hairpin windings. The paper shows the geometrical, material, and winding identification plus finite element method-based analysis of the initial machine. The electric machine’s slot-filling factor can be improved using an appropriate aluminum-based hairpin winding design compared to the original, even in the case of standard slots where the sides of the slots are not parallel.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3303/CET23107079

A Review on Friction Reduction by Laser Textured Surfaces in Internal Combustion Engines

András Lajos Nagy J. Rohde-Brandenburger Gabor Laki Barna Hanula

Publication Name: Tribology Online

Publication Date: 2022-01-01

Volume: 17

Issue: 4

Page Range: 318-334

Description:

The internal combustion engine will be required as a bridge-technology in the upcoming decades to achieve a significant reduction in local emissions in the mobility, and logistics sector. Alternative fuel technologies will present new mechanical engineering challenges, including increasing efficiency and reducing mechanical losses. Textured surfaces with appropriate manufacturing parameters can enhance lubrication, and reduce friction in sliding and rolling contacts, e.g., journal bearings, or the piston ring – cylinder subsystem. This paper gives an overview of 80 scientific works related to laser surface technologies, with an emphasis on surface texturing for friction reduction from the viewpoint of engine development. The most common texture types, further directions, and general challenges are highlighted in the summary.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.2474/trol.17.318

Design of lqr controller for gan based buck converter

Miklós Kuczmann Miklos CSIZMADIA

Publication Name: Pollack Periodica

Publication Date: 2020-08-01

Volume: 15

Issue: 2

Page Range: 37-48

Description:

This paper presents a design procedure of a switched-mode power converter, the well-known synchronous buck converter: The calculating method, and how to choose the parts of the converter are presented in detail, like the inductor, the capacitor and the semiconductors as well as the design of the state feedback. During the design process the efficiency and the high switching frequency are very important: The switching semiconductors are Gallium Nitride based. Then, a linear-quadratic regulator is designed and applied to the particular case of a buck converter.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1556/606.2020.15.2.4

Energy poverty dynamics and geostrategic shocks: Moderation of financial markets

Vishal Dagar Amar Rao Wajid Ali Nidhi Dhankar

Publication Name: Energy Policy

Publication Date: 2026-08-01

Volume: 215

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Universal energy poverty is a key ingredient to social inequality, education barrier and poor health outcome. Therefore, it is crucial for policymakers to identify the factors that mitigates energy poverty. Present study examined the influence of geopolitical risk on energy poverty, focusing on financial market depth, access and efficiency in 42 economies, spanning 2000 to 2022, using instrument variable two stage least square (2SLS), three stage least square (3SLS) approach and double panel threshold regression. The estimation provides following observations. First, geopolitical risk significantly intensify energy poverty over time. Second, natural disasters is a more serious hindrance to energy access. Third, financial markets significantly moderates the favourable spillover effects of geopolitical risk on energy poverty, dampens negative effect of geopolitical risk, improving household energy access, and reducing vulnerability to external shocks. Alongside this, the research provide similar pattern in urban and rural concentration, indicating the severe effect of geopolitical and natural disaster risk in rural areas. Moreover, the research explored several other factors and prioritizes digitalization, economic growth and political liberty as the major attributes for mitigating energy poverty. Hence, this research, provides stronger support for the roles of financial markets and digitalization in mitigating the energy poverty in the long run. This paper further delves into the policy implications arising from the findings.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2026.115278

Type-2 Neutrosophic Markov Chain Model for Subject-Independent Sign Language Recognition: A New Uncertainty–Aware Soft Sensor Paradigm

Áron Ballagi Oday Ali Hassen Saad M. Saad Muslem Al-Saidi

Publication Name: Sensors

Publication Date: 2024-12-01

Volume: 24

Issue: 23

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Uncertainty-aware soft sensors in sign language recognition (SLR) integrate methods to quantify and manage the uncertainty in their predictions. This is particularly crucial in SLR due to the variability in sign language gestures and differences in individual signing styles. Managing uncertainty allows the system to handle variations in signing styles, lighting conditions, and occlusions more effectively. While current techniques for handling uncertainty in SLR systems offer significant benefits in terms of improved accuracy and robustness, they also come with notable disadvantages. High computational complexity, data dependency, scalability issues, sensor and environmental limitations, and real-time constraints all pose significant hurdles. The aim of the work is to develop and evaluate a Type-2 Neutrosophic Hidden Markov Model (HMM) for SLR that leverages the advanced uncertainty handling capabilities of Type-2 neutrosophic sets. In the suggested soft sensor model, the Foot of Uncertainty (FOU) allows Type-2 Neutrosophic HMMs to represent uncertainty as intervals, capturing the range of possible values for truth, falsity, and indeterminacy. This is especially useful in SLR, where gestures can be ambiguous or imprecise. This enhances the model’s ability to manage complex uncertainties in sign language gestures and mitigate issues related to model drift. The FOU provides a measure of confidence for each recognition result by indicating the range of uncertainty. By effectively addressing uncertainty and enhancing subject independence, the model can be integrated into real-life applications, improving interactions, learning, and accessibility for the hearing-impaired. Examples such as assistive devices, educational tools, and customer service automation highlight its transformative potential. The experimental evaluation demonstrates the superiority of the Type-2 Neutrosophic HMM over the Type-1 Neutrosophic HMM in terms of accuracy for SLR. Specifically, the Type-2 Neutrosophic HMM consistently outperforms its Type-1 counterpart across various test scenarios, achieving an average accuracy improvement of 10%.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/s24237828

Oceania’s 5G Multi-Tier Fixed Wireless Access Link’s Long-Term Resilience and Feasibility Analysis

Satyanand Singh Joanna Rosak-Szyrocka Istvan Drotar Xavier Fernando

Publication Name: Future Internet

Publication Date: 2023-10-01

Volume: 15

Issue: 10

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Information and communications technologies play a vital role in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and bridging the gap between developed and developing countries. However, various socioeconomic factors adversely impact the deployment of digital infrastructure, such as 5G networks, in the countries of Oceania. The high-speed broadband fifth-generation cellular network (5G) will improve the quality of service for growing mobile users and the massive Internet of Things (IoT). It will also provide ultra-low-latency services required by smart city applications. This study investigates the planning process for a 5G radio access network incorporating sub-6 GHz macro-remote radio units (MRRUs) and mmWave micro-remote radio units (mRRUs). We carefully define an optimization problem for 5G network planning, considering the characteristics of urban macro-cells (UMa) and urban micro-cells (UMi) with appropriate channel models and link budgets. We determine the minimum number of MRRUs and mRRUs that can be installed in each area while meeting coverage and user traffic requirements. This will ensure adequate broadband low-latency network coverage with micro-cells instead of macro-cells. This study evaluates the technical feasibility analysis of combining terrestrial and airborne networks to provide 5G coverage in Oceania, with a special emphasis on Fiji.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/fi15100334

Impact of wearable resistance training on knee and ankle joint biomechanics: Enhancing change of direction ability in football athletes

Yaodong Gu Gusztáv Fekete Datao Xu Huiyu Zhou Zanni Zhang Xiaowei Yang Xiuye Qu Fekete Gusztav Ukadike Chris Ugbolue

Publication Name: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part P Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology

Publication Date: 2026-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

This study aimed to examine the effects of wearable resistance (WR) training on change of direction ability (CODA), muscle activation patterns, and knee joint stress in athletes. Fifteen healthy male football players participated in a pre- and post-training intervention designed to target the quadriceps, hamstrings, and calf muscles to improve neuromuscular control and joint stability. Surface electromyography (EMG) was used to assess muscle activation, and finite element analysis (FEA) was applied to evaluate stress distribution in the knee joint. Following the WR training program, there was a significant reduction in knee abduction angle during the stance phase (p = 0.001), indicating enhanced joint stability. Strength in the calf muscles increased significantly, while muscle activation levels in the quadriceps (p < 0.001) and hamstrings (p = 0.007) were also elevated. Enhanced co-activation between quadriceps and hamstrings was observed, and FEA demonstrated a significant decrease in the maximal von Mises stress in the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and meniscus. These findings suggest that WR training improves CODA and lower limb muscle coordination while reducing internal knee joint stress, potentially lowering the risk of ACL injuries and enhancing athletic performance.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1177/17543371251412187

Identifying necessary and sufficient conditions for enhancing NEV policy support: A combined PLS-SEM and NCA approach

Muhammad Shakil Ahmad Yong Ki Lee Jae Jang Yang Chao Wang

Publication Name: Research in Transportation Business and Management

Publication Date: 2026-08-01

Volume: 68

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

As global concern about environmental issues increases, new energy vehicles (NEVs) are considered a key factor in reducing carbon emissions. However, among the factors influencing consumer adoption of NEVs, value orientation is an important driver of attitudes and behaviors. This study takes Xi'an as an example to address this gap by incorporating value orientation factors into a structural equation model to re-examine how egoistic (EV) and altruistic values (AV) affect attitudes toward purchasing NEVs and their impact on support for local government policies (SIG) and offer practical insights for policymakers and marketers using a combined PLS-SEM and NCA (necessary condition analysis) method. The results show that EV/AV positively predict attitude toward policy (ATP) and perceived consumer effectiveness (PCE) but not direct attitude (ATT); PCE drives ATT, which in turn boosts SIG. Education moderates the EV/AV-ATP link, and NCA identifies AV, ATP, PCE, and ATT as critical necessary conditions for SIG (EV non-necessary). Additionally, by integrating TPB and value theory, this research contributes to the literature by addressing key gaps in how value orientations, particularly among the young generation, shape NEV adoption behaviors. In conclusion, this study highlights the important role of value orientations in shaping perceptions of NEV policies and offers marketing insights to promote NEVs.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/j.rtbm.2026.101764