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Found 6515 publications

Unveiling the Role of Edaphic Microalgae in Soil Carbon Sequestration: Potential for Agricultural Inoculants in Climate Change Mitigation

Györgyi Kovács Zoltán Molnár Jun Bin Zhao István Mihály Kulmány Wogene Kabato Zainulabdeen Khalaf Hashim Agampodi Gihan Shyamal Dharmendra De Silva Zainulabdeen Khalaf Hashim

Publication Name: Agriculture Switzerland

Publication Date: 2024-11-01

Volume: 14

Issue: 11

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Agricultural soil has great potential to address climate change issues, particularly the rise in atmospheric CO2 levels. It offers effective remedies, such as increasing soil carbon content while lowering atmospheric carbon levels. The growing interest in inoculating soil with live microorganisms aims to enhance agricultural land carbon storage and sequestration capacity, modify degraded soil ecosystems, and sustain yields with fewer synthetic inputs. Agriculture has the potential to use soil microalgae as inoculants. However, the significance of these microorganisms in soil carbon sequestration and soil carbon stabilization under field conditions has yet to be fully understood. Large-scale commercial agriculture has focused on the development and use of inoculation products that promote plant growth, with a particular emphasis on enhancing yield attributes. Gaining more profound insights into soil microalgae’s role in soil carbon cycling is necessary to develop products that effectively support soil carbon sequestration and retention. This review comprehensively explores the direct and indirect mechanisms through which soil microalgae contribute to soil carbon sequestration, highlighting their potential as microbial inoculants in agricultural settings. This study underlines the need for more research to be conducted on microalgae inoculation into agricultural soil systems aimed at mitigating carbon emissions in the near future.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/agriculture14112065

Modeling laterally loaded piles

János Szép

Publication Name: Pollack Periodica

Publication Date: 2013-08-01

Volume: 8

Issue: 2

Page Range: 117-129

Description:

Single row pile groups are gaining popularity as foundation system for both buildings and bridges. They are a reasonable and economical solutions for structures with low vertical loads e.g. bridge abutments. The lateral resistance of a pile group is the result of contact pressure between the individual pile shafts and the soil. When designing this kind of structure, the estimation of displacements and bending moments is the main focus of the calculation. In most cases single piles are modeled by assuming a Winkler material. For their calculations, designers typically employ one of the commonly-used structural FEM codes (e.g. AxisVM, Fem-Design). On the other hand, advanced, truly 3D FEM packages (like MIDAS GTS, Plaxis 3D) are available, allowing for realistic modeling of the soil environment and soil-structure interaction. As an intermediate solution, packages based on traditional approaches are also available (GEO5, CGU). In this paper, results obtained using three different calculation methods and packages are compared.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1556/Pollack.8.2013.2.13

Digital Twins in Sustainable Supply Chains: A Comprehensive Review of Current Applications and Enablers for Successful Adoption †

László Buics Lahiru Vimukthi Bandara

Publication Name: Engineering Proceedings

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 79

Issue: 1

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Digital Twins (DT) are an emerging trend in diversified industrial sectors and their value chains. This study aims to explore current DT applications within SCs, focusing on sustainable inbound and outbound logistics and identifying key enablers that will facilitate the successful adoption of DTs in SCs. Using the PEO model and employing the PRISMA framework, this study screened articles from the Scopus database to explore the existing knowledge related to this topic. A steep increase in articles related to DTs over the past 10 years indicates that there is growing attention in exploring and leveraging this technology for various applications. The successful adoption of DTs is driven by several key factors, including advanced technological infrastructure; standardized processes; continuous improvement; knowledge workers; technologies like IoT, IIoT, AR/VR; and managerial support.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/engproc2024079064

Comparison of Different Turbulence Models and Wall Treatment Methods for Vehicle Aerodynamics Investigations

Istvan Lakatos Péter Brúnó

Publication Name: Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 52

Issue: 1

Page Range: 67-74

Description:

In this paper two different turbulence models and wall treatment methods were investigated with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method. The used geometry for the research was the Ahmed body. The Ahmed body is a widely used geometry in vehicle aerodynamics investigations. The geometry represents a simplified vehicle, which allows the researchers to make examinations with moderate resources. The simulations were made in Ansys Fluent. The environment of the simulation was built to optimize for maximum 8 GB RAM. The paper examines the difference between the k-ω SST and the k-ε turbulence models in the case of low and high Reynolds number wall treatment methods. This could be useful because the high Reynolds number wall treatment method needs less computational capacity based on that, its required y+ range is between 30 and 300. While in the case of the low Reynolds wall treatment method the required y+ range is below 10, which could increase the cell count. The results from the CFD simulation will be compared to each other and with measured data. The aim of the research is to get information about behaviour of the examined turbulence models in the case of low and high Reynolds number wall treatment methods.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3311/PPTR.22671

An Efficient Tour Construction Heuristic for Generating the Candidate Set of the Traveling Salesman Problem with Large Sizes

Péter Földesi B. Tüű-Szabó Laszlo T. Koczy

Publication Name: Mathematics

Publication Date: 2024-10-01

Volume: 12

Issue: 19

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

In this paper, we address the challenge of creating candidate sets for large-scale Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) instances, where choosing a subset of edges is crucial for efficiency. Traditional methods for improving tours, such as local searches and heuristics, depend greatly on the quality of these candidate sets but often struggle in large-scale situations due to insufficient edge coverage or high time complexity. We present a new heuristic based on fuzzy clustering, designed to produce high-quality candidate sets with nearly linear time complexity. Thoroughly tested on benchmark instances, including VLSI and Euclidean types with up to 316,000 nodes, our method consistently outperforms traditional and current leading techniques for large TSPs. Our heuristic’s tours encompass nearly all edges of optimal or best-known solutions, and its candidate sets are significantly smaller than those produced with the POPMUSIC heuristic. This results in faster execution of subsequent improvement methods, such as Helsgaun’s Lin–Kernighan heuristic and evolutionary algorithms. This substantial enhancement in computation time and solution quality establishes our method as a promising approach for effectively solving large-scale TSP instances.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/math12192960

Auditory representations of a graphical user interface for a better human-computer interaction

György Wersényi

Publication Name: Lecture Notes in Computer Science Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics

Publication Date: 2010-12-01

Volume: 5954 LNCS

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 80-102

Description:

As part of a project to improve human computer interaction mostly for blind users, a survey with 50 blind and 100 sighted users included a questionnaire about their user habits during everyday use of personal computers. Based on their answers, the most important functions and applications were selected and results of the two groups were compared. Special user habits and needs of blind users are described. The second part of the investigation included collecting of auditory representations (auditory icons, spearcons etc.), mapping with visual information and evaluation with the target groups. Furthermore, a new design method for auditory events and class was introduced, called "auditory emoticons". These use non-verbal human voice samples to represent additional emotional content. Blind and sighted users evaluated different auditory representations for the selected events, including spearcons for different languages. Auditory icons using environmental, familiar sounds as well emoticons are received very well, whilst spearcons seem to be redundant except menu navigation for blind users. © 2010 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-12439-6_5

Assisting the passage of heavy vehicles, increasing traffic safety designing traffic lights and urban lighting in a smart city

Nikolett Fecser

Publication Name: International Journal of Heavy Vehicle Systems

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 31

Issue: 4

Page Range: 562-578

Description:

Congestions caused by traffic bottlenecks or accidents have become commonplace. The consequences are delays, as well as environmental, health and economic damage. One of the solutions to the problem is to expand transport infrastructures and to apply and develop advanced control systems, as well as to create a public lighting network for new traffic routes and pavements. The capacity of the road section examined in this study is inadequate during peak hours, and significant queues are formed. Turning in a wide angle from the secondary direction to the left, especially with heavy vehicles is difficult and involves a risk of accidents. Due to heavy traffic, the intersection is to be controlled by traffic lights. In this study, the implementation of a traffic-engineering plan of a junction situated in Győr is presented with phase-timing plans. In the second part of the study, the results of measurements are described.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1504/IJHVS.2024.139695

A remark on adaptive scheduling of optimization algorithms

Krisztián Balázs Laszlo T. Koczy

Publication Name: Communications in Computer and Information Science

Publication Date: 2010-12-01

Volume: 81 PART 2

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 719-728

Description:

In this paper the scheduling problem of optimization algorithms is defined. This problem is about scheduling numerical optimization methods from a set of iterative 'oracle-based' techniques in order to obtain an as efficient as possible optimization process based on the given set of algorithms. Statements are formulated and proven about the scheduling problem and methods are proposed to solve this problem. The applicability of one of the proposed methods is demonstrated through a simple fuzzy rule based machine learning example. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-14058-7_74

Effect of gibberellins on growth and biochemical constituents in Chlorella minutissima (Trebouxiophyceae)

J. Gruz Miroslav Strnad Danuše Tarkowská Vince Ördög Wendy A. Stirk Johannes van Staden

Publication Name: South African Journal of Botany

Publication Date: 2019-11-01

Volume: 126

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 92-98

Description:

A hormonal network regulates growth processes and stress responses in vascular plants. There is evidence for a similar hormonal network in microalgae. This study investigated the effect of exogenous gibberellins (GAs) on Chlorella minutissima Fott et Nováková growth and biochemical composition. Two bioactive GAs i.e. GA3 and GA4 were applied at 10−8–10−5 M. Growth was monitored until cultures were harvested on day 7 when in an exponential growth phase. Primary metabolites (protein, chlorophyll and carotenoids) were quantified and endogenous GAs and phenolic acids were identified and quantified. GA3 had little beneficial effect on growth in C. minutissima while GA4 was inhibitory. GA application had little effect on the protein, chlorophyll and total carotenoid content. Analysis of the GA content suggested that GA3 was not readily taken up by the cells while GA4 was absorbed but not further metabolised. This high accumulation of GA4 could account for its inhibitory effect. Three phenolics acids were detected in C. minutissima i.e. p-hydroxybenzoic acid > salicylic acid > protocatechuic acid. Their concentrations were not affected by GA treatments or GA-type. The physiological role of GAs in microalgae is still unclear and further studies are required to gain clearer insight into uptake rates, metabolism and function.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2019.05.001