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Found 6273 publications

Economic development and growth in central and Eastern Europe

Csilla Polster

Publication Name: Comparative Economic Research

Publication Date: 2021-01-01

Volume: 24

Issue: 4

Page Range: 69-84

Description:

The study investigates the economic growth in Central and Eastern Europe in the last 25 years. The economy can be regarded as a substantial topic in any country, but it is even more interesting in developing countries. One of the basic ideas of the European Union is the convergence between member states, namely the reduction of development disparities, which can be achieved through faster economic growth in less-developed countries. Growth theory is one of the main topics in economics. Its significant importance is because the desire for development is one of the main driving forces of mankind. The aim of the study is to reveal the crucial differences and common features between the growth paths of the eleven Central and Eastern European member states of the European Union. After presenting growth theories, the growth performance of the examined Central and Eastern European member states is pinpointed. During the research, GDP per capita, population, migration, activity rate, employment rate, unemployment rate, foreign direct investment and foreign trade openness are considered.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.18778/1508-2008.24.31

Alternative Propulsion Buses in the Metropolitan Public Transport

István Lakatos Dániel Pup Andor Nagy Ferenc Szauter

Publication Name: Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering

Publication Date: 2021-01-01

Volume: 22

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 49-66

Description:

The lecture is analysing the possibility of an optimal energy mix through the example of a Hungarian metropolis. Using the city bus routes, we analyse and compare the traditional Diesel, CNG, and electric propulsion. An optimal energy mix is provided by using SWOT analysis.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-9529-5_5

The impact of domestic material consumption and energy mix on socioeconomic indicators—A global analysis from 1990 to 2022

Laszlo Vasa Botond Géza Kálmán Zoltán Zéman

Publication Name: Resources Policy

Publication Date: 2025-08-01

Volume: 107

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Relevance: Understanding the relationship between economic growth, resource consumption, and social development is crucial for sustainable policy-making. While economic expansion is often linked to improved well-being, its effects depend on material consumption patterns and energy dependency. Goals: This study aims to examine how domestic material consumption (DMC) and energy structure influence human development, particularly across different economic contexts. Methods: Using a panel data approach, the research applies econometric models to analyze the impact of DMC and energy dependency on social indicators. Results: Findings indicate that excessive DMC can hinder sustainable progress, while a higher share of renewable energy contributes to long-term social development and economic stability. Conclusion: The study highlights the need for resource-efficient policies and energy diversification, contributing to the literature on sustainable growth and development strategies.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105658

Rolling Contact fatigue Defects and a New Approach to Rail Material Management

Éva Lublóy Zoltán Major Cecília Szigeti Róbert Horváth

Publication Name: Acta Polytechnica Hungarica

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 22

Issue: 4

Page Range: 227-246

Description:

This article describes the current method of calculating the Hertzian contact stress and the corresponding shear stress occurring in the rail head at the rail-wheel contact and highlights the false sense of security that this approach creates among experts. The authors then present a method that is easy to implement in spreadsheet software and provides realistic results. In light of the results obtained, it is shown that it is not possible to prevent defects induced by the occurring stresses but only to keep them within limits by means of rail machining, which is a realistic objective, without significantly limiting the throughput capacity of the railway track. The combined effects of rail machining and natural wear cause the cross-sectional area and inertia and thus, the load-bearing capacity of the rails to decrease continuously. If the limit is exceeded, the rails may be installed again in less heavily used track sections and continue functioning. At the end of their service life, the track owner sells them as used rail scrap. If possible, recasting them as electro-steels, can significantly reduce the production costs and the amount of CO2 emitted during production.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: DOI not available

A new species of Landouria from Thailand, with a deep umbilical groove (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora, Camaenidae)

Chanidaporn Tumpeesuwan Barna Páll-Gergely Sakboworn Tumpeesuwan

Publication Name: Ecologica Montenegrina

Publication Date: 2025-08-15

Volume: 89

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 161-168

Description:

Landouria canalifera Páll-Gergely, Tumpeesuwan & Tumpeesuwan sp. nov. is described from Koh Samui, southern Thailand. It is characterized by a deep groove inside the umbilicus on the last ca. 1.5 whorls, corresponding with a columellar fold in the aperture. Also, there is a basal apertural tooth, corresponding with a shallow groove on the basal side of the shell just behind the peristome. These two barriers form a shallow canal in the aperture. Although the reproductive anatomy of this new species is not known, it probably belongs to the genus Landouria, which is widespread in Thailand and in the neighboring countries.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.89.9

Helianthus tuberosus at home and away: Stronger ecological impacts in invaded than in native range are not explained by arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization

Robert W. Pal Rita Filep Bradley J. Cook David U. Nagy K. Nagy A. Lengyel Ádám Imri Klára Czakó-Vér Ágnes Farkas

Publication Name: Preslia

Publication Date: 2021-01-01

Volume: 93

Issue: 4

Page Range: 363-376

Description:

The impact of invasive plants on vegetation can vary greatly depending on the characteristics of the invaders and community invasibility. As to the factors that influence a plant's ability to invade, recent studies suggest that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) may be important regulators in plant invasions. To better understand the interactions of Helianthus tuberosus with co-occurring species in its native NorthAmerican and invaded European ranges,we carried out plot-based field surveys to determine whether the cover of H. tuberosus, its stem number and height, bare ground cover and amount of litter differ between ranges and how they interact with numbers of species in the plant community. To provide information aboutAMFcolonization of H. tuberosus,we evaluatedAMFcolonization in both ranges and tested the difference between continents, the effect of cover of H. tuberosus and their interaction with AMF. In the invaded range in Europe, H. tuberosus plants grew taller, had a greater stem density and there were fewer species in the invaded plant communities than in its native range in North America. In contrast, the cover of H. tuberosus and litter cover did not differ between the two continents. Plants of H. tuberosus were colonized by AMF in both ranges, but we found no statistical support for the potential effects of continent, the cover of H. tuberosus and their interaction with AMF. Overall, our study revealed that H. tuberosus exerts a negative impact on co-occurring species in the invaded European range, but not in North America where the species is native. To our knowledge, this is the first evaluation of AMF colonization of H. tuberosus at home and away and the results do not support either the degraded or enhanced mutualism hypotheses.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.23855/preslia.2021.363

Comparative Analysis of Discrete-Time and Precedence-Based MILP Formulations for Sustainable Scheduling in Furniture Manufacturing

Botond Bertok Károly Kalauz Márton Frits

Publication Name: Chemical Engineering Transactions

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 121

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 151-156

Description:

Efficient production scheduling plays a pivotal role in enhancing productivity and reducing energy consumption in mass manufacturing environments. This study presents a comparative evaluation of two mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) formulations - Discrete-Time Process Network Synthesis (PNS) and Precedence-Based Time-Constrained Process Network Synthesis (TCPNS) - for optimizing production scheduling in furniture manufacturing. Both approaches are grounded in the P-graph framework, which excels at representing complex, flexible process recipes commonly found in large-scale production systems. The TCPNS model, with its precedence-based structure, offers high-resolution scheduling capabilities and accurately manages complex changeover constraints. It enables the computation of exact start times and resource allocations, leading to highly optimized schedules. However, this precision comes with increased computational demand, which can become impractical for large-scale instances. Conversely, the PNS approach discretizes the planning horizon into time slots, significantly reducing model size and complexity. While this may result in less granular schedules, the formulation allows for faster solution times and easier integration of combinatorial simplifications, making it a practical alternative for real-time applications. The research also explores automated model generation techniques for both formulations, highlighting multi-resolution capabilities in the discrete-time approach that allow flexible trade-offs between accuracy and computational effort. A real-life case study from the furniture manufacturing sector is used to benchmark the two optimization strategies. The results demonstrate the practical implications of each method in terms of schedule precision, computational performance, and energy-aware utilization, i.e., if minute-to-minute scheduling is sufficient instead of milliseconds, then traditional PNS algorithms can offer the same sustainable solution with 10,000 times faster computation.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3303/CET25121026

Analysis of network traversal and qualification of the testing values of trajectories

Tibor Vadvári István Lakatos Krisztián Szabó András Háry Tamás Péter Ferenc Szauter

Publication Name: Acta Polytechnica Hungarica

Publication Date: 2021-01-01

Volume: 18

Issue: 10

Page Range: 151-171

Description:

This research work is aimed directly at the study of network traversal, for the design of vehicle dynamics and driving test programs. The work can be applied more widely to the qualification of test tracks. In addition to general modelling, this method can also be used to investigate the formation of loops in order to take into account, the sub-routes, multiple times. An important area of its application is the more comprehensive analysis of complex loads, as well as, the development of learning algorithms, which can be achieved by repeating multiple traversals of certain track sections within a series of measurements, and can be used for the development of on-board vehicle systems. The mathematical modelling is presented through the application of the geometric graph and subgraphs of the track. The properties of the Markov model extracted from the connection matrix of the large-scale network model are also presented. In this way, the modelling is extended to the application of the connection matrix of the large-scale network model as well. The modelling and computational details are demonstrated by means of a computer based, algebraic program. This modelling and the results of the calculations, will allow the further development of a test program design and related evaluation methods.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: DOI not available

Enhancing sustainability and heritage in the Anthropocene epoch: insights from the Seoul metropolitan fora 2024

Sora Kim Boglárka Eisingerné Balassa Seungjae Lee Madiha Bencekri Sora Kim Kee Bom Nahm

Publication Name: International Journal of Urban Sciences

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 29

Issue: 1

Page Range: 1-7

Description:

No description provided

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2025.2465181