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Characterization of PM2.5-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Ambient Air of Győr, Hungary

Andrea Szabo´ Nagy János Szabo´

Publication Name: Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds

Publication Date: 2019-01-01

Volume: 39

Issue: 4

Page Range: 332-345

Description:

In Hungary, the nationwide monitoring of PM10-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in ambient air is great importance for a number of reasons related to human health, the environment and compliance with European Union legislation. However, the measurement of PAH concentrations in PM2.5 aerosol fraction has not been carried out. Therefore, the concentration, distribution and sources of PM2.5-bound PAHs at different urban sites of Győr were investigated in a heating season. The total PAH concentrations (sum of 19 individual PAH compounds) ranged from 1.32 to 37.27 ng/m3 with the mean value of 10.54 ng/m3. The high molecular weight PAHs with 5 and 6 aromatic rings were the most abundant PAHs in PM2.5 aerosol samples, which averaged 82% of total PAHs. Using benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) equivalent approach on the concentration data of carcinogenic PAH species, BaP and indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene contributed the highest carcinogenic exposure equivalent (1.25 and 0.19 ng/m3 on average). However, the incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) values for resident children and adults indicated low-potential cancer risk (ILCR < 10−6). The source apportionment results reflected that the major sources of PAH compounds in the Győr atmosphere were fossil fuel combustion and vehicle emissions.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2017.1326950

AR and ARMA spectral analysis of suspension system of a commercial city bus

Gábor Rödönyi György Istenes Ferenc Szauter

Publication Name: Cinti 2016 17th IEEE International Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Informatics Proceedings

Publication Date: 2017-02-07

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 151-156

Description:

Concerning the increasing demand for intelligent and efficient urban vehicle systems with low cost maintainability and high passenger comfort, reliable methods are needed to model and to evaluate the imposed performances. The measurements, vibrations emerging on the wheels and the body, that has ben taken on a city bus are analyzed in the frequency domain. In this paper a parametric spectral analysis (AR/ARMA method) of the suspension system of a commercial city bus is presented. The goal of the analysis is to find the right structure for the systems. Parametric methods used in this paper justify and extend the results obtained by non-parametric ones and provide more accurate results for vibration analysis. One of the main conclusions of the investigations is that the quarter-car model structure based on first principles does not reflect the true frequency domain behavior of the system. Thus the identification of the physical model must be complemented with a suitable uncertainty modeling and classification.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1109/CINTI.2016.7846395

Hungarian experiences of the transition from traditional work to telework1

Laszlo Vasa Péter Karácsony Yuriy Bilan Katalin Lipták

Publication Name: Transformations in Business and Economics

Publication Date: 2021-01-01

Volume: 20

Issue: 3

Page Range: 168-182

Description:

The global outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic has radically transformed people’s daily lives since the spring of 2020. In addition to the direct health consequences of the virus, the epidemic has had a significant impact on the functioning of society, people’s lifestyles and has also had a fundamental impact on the world of work. The year 2020 marked a breakthrough in the spread of telework and “home office” work in Hungary, as this form of work was one of the necessary tools in the fight against the COVID-19 epidemic in order to reduce the number of personal contacts. Both employers and the masses of employees were able to experience the pros and cons of this. This period can be therefore considered as the main challenge of teleworking and working from home, which is undoubtedly caused by the COVID-19 epidemic. The research aims to answer the question of the impact of telework on the daily lives of Hungarian workers. In international comparison, the proportion of teleworkers in Hungary was low before the pandemic. As a result, a great many have experienced a drastic transition from traditional work to teleworking. The given questionnaire survey also confirmed that a significant proportion of employees had difficulties with teleworking at the beginning of the transition. These difficulties were mainly due to the fact that they were not technically prepared and that their daily routine, which they had become accustomed to in their traditional work, had been changed.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: DOI not available

From totality to hybridity and beyond: The challenges of state security systems in the context of the info-communication revolutions

Ádám Farkas Laszlo Vikman

Publication Name: Frontiers in Political Science

Publication Date: 2026-01-01

Volume: 7

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Contemporary security is increasingly defined by a matrix of hybrid threats, driven by info-communication revolutions that blur the lines between war and peace. Mainstream literature typically explains these challenges through the concept of ‘hybridity,’ focusing on post-Cold War technological and tactical novelties. However, this approach often lacks deeper historical and state-theoretical grounding. This study proposes a new theoretical framework by drawing a parallel between the current security environment and the 20th-century transformations analyzed by Carl Schmitt. We argue that the defining characteristic of contemporary security is not ‘hybridity’ but ‘totality.’ By reinterpreting Schmitt’s concepts of the ‘total state’ and the ‘partisan,’ we situate today’s challenges within a longer historical process of societal and political totalization, accelerated by the info-communication revolution. The analysis employs a qualitative methodology combining theoretical synthesis, historical-comparative analysis, and conceptual critique. Our analysis identifies a ‘total security environment’ characterized by three key attributes: (1) the complete fusion of military, economic, social, and informational domains; (2) the collapse of spatial and temporal constraints on state and non-state action; and (3) the systemic vulnerability of the state’s own normative and legal foundations. We demonstrate that hybrid threats are a logical manifestation of this total environment, representing ‘total threats’ that demand ‘total responses.’ By foregrounding ‘totality’ over ‘hybridity,’ this study provides a novel foundation for understanding and addressing contemporary security challenges. It suggests that effective solutions require moving beyond tactical countermeasures and rethinking statehood itself, focusing on systemic resilience, adaptable governance models, and societal preparedness. The historical experiences of previous security paradigm shifts offer crucial patterns for navigating this new era of total security.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3389/fpos.2025.1749077

Aggregated Avatars for Qualitative Feedback on Interpersonal Interaction Patterns in 3D Environments

Adam B. Csapo György Persa

Publication Name: 2023 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Cognitive Aspects of Virtual Reality Cvr 2023

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Avatars are most often conceived of as 2D pictograms or head / torso / body representations the are human-like, animal-like or otherwise display a fictive creature, with the activity and social/psychological state of a human user mapped onto its features. However, a more general class of avatars can be identified if we relax the constraints behind this conception, whether in the sense of no longer relying on antropomorphic or zoomorphic forms, or in the sense of no longer focusing exclusively on the activities or social/psychological states of individual users. In the latter case, for example, the avatar might reflect some combined state based on the interactions of multiple users, or based on the parameters of the underlying information system as a while. In this paper, we focus on these two generalizations, which we refer to as abstract avatars and aggregated avatars. Following a discussion on what might motivate interaction designers to develop such avatars, we propose an approach to designing and evaluating specific implementations thereof. We also introduce a testbed environment which we developed in a 3D virtual reality system for the development and evaluation of abstract aggregated avatars.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1109/CVR58941.2023.10395192

Interrelation between the climate-related sustainability and the financial reporting disclosures of the European automotive industry

Árpád Tóth Alex Suta Ferenc Szauter

Publication Name: Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy

Publication Date: 2022-01-01

Volume: 24

Issue: 1

Page Range: 437-445

Description:

The financial reports of the automotive companies' are measured in a standardized manner; therefore, they are transparent and comparable to each other, but this is not valid for the sustainability reports and it is not possible to compare their sustainability performances. Standard-setting organizations are currently searching for better reporting procedures. This study aims to investigate the connection between sustainability and financial reports for the most dominant European car manufacturers. It reviews the traceability of the sustainability elements back to the financial statements, which helps transparency, comparability, and impact measurement of the disclosed items and issues. This investigation allowed us to additionally review whether these companies are targeting to disclose the most harmful pollution impacts, or only focus to disclose the required obligatory items. Given the financial and sustainability reports magnitude manual testing would not provide complete and proper coverage, therefore we utilized an automated and AI-assisted content analysis with natural language processing. In this new review method, the sustainable elements of the textual reports were automatically retrieved following the 5-stage model of Landrum & Ohsowski (2018). The study highlights the lack of true sustainability information content of reports and the potential discrepancies and connections between the financial and the sustainability reports. Findings concluded that sustainability disclosures at the reviewed companies from several aspects could be improved and quantified, traced back to the financial disclosures, and to be comparable to each other if they apply a similar review method. Graphic abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/s10098-021-02108-w

The impact of green HRM and intellectual capital on the environmental performance of the organizations: A mediating impact of green innovation

Aemin Nasir Md Billal Hossain Faisal Ejaz Zita Júlia Fodor Zarmeena Anum

Publication Name: International Journal of Innovative Research and Scientific Studies

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 8

Issue: 2

Page Range: 2965-2976

Description:

This research elucidates the importance of Green HRM and Green Intellectual Capital in encouraging eco-friendly practices in the hospitality sector. Additionally, it highlights the value of Green Innovation as a tool to enhance the beneficial impacts of Green HRM and Green Intellectual Capital on environmental performance. A survey was conducted among 257 employees, and the collected data were analyzed using SPSS and Smart PLS. The findings reveal that GHRM and GIC significantly enhance environmental performance, demonstrating the positive effects of green practices on the environment. Furthermore, Green Innovation was found to mediate the relationship between GHRM, GIC, and environmental performance, underscoring the role of innovation in promoting environmental sustainability. This study investigates the impact of Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) and Green Intellectual Capital (GIC) on the environmental performance of firms in the Pakistani hotel industry, focusing on the mediating role of Green Innovation. These results highlight the importance of integrating green practices into HRM and intellectual capital management, as well as the value of innovation in amplifying these efforts. The study’s implications are crucial for hospitality businesses, as they aim to implement sustainable strategies in an increasingly environmentally conscious market.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.53894/ijirss.v8i2.5935

Synchronistic historical background for Jung-Pauli's modelling of psyche and nature concerning the aquarius myth part I: The aquarius mythologem in the 'St. John-St. Andrew' enamel picture of the Holy Crown of Hungary

Peter Varlaki Peter Baranyi

Publication Name: 7th IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Infocommunications Coginfocom 2016 Proceedings

Publication Date: 2017-01-03

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 439-454

Description:

The paper discusses the presentations of special great works of art to compare their system of 'representation' and meaning to the similar identifiable and re-interpreted symbols, imagery and meaning communications in between Jung and Pauli's 'imagination and interpretation space'. In the first part of the paper we attempt to prove hypothesis of the meaningful synchronicity by the symbolic interpretation of three interrelated, stunningly beautiful and unique images of the apostles on the Holy Crown of Hungary.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1109/CogInfoCom.2016.7804589

An Improvement of Backtracking Algorithms for Combinatorial Optimization Problems

Claudiu Radu Pozna Radu Emil Precup Bogdan Sibișan

Publication Name: Acta Polytechnica Hungarica

Publication Date: 2026-01-01

Volume: 23

Issue: 5

Page Range: 286-304

Description:

This paper introduces an improvement approach of the classical backtracking algorithm tailored for solving complex combinatorial problems. The proposed approach restructures the search space by grouping solution sets into meta-sets and applying continuity criteria early in the search process, leading to a significant reduction of the number of iterations required to reach valid solutions. The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated through case studies involving Sudoku and Kakuro puzzles, where it outperforms traditional backtracking in terms of computational efficiency and solution accuracy. The results show that the proposed approach offers a scalable and practical enhancement for combinatorial optimization tasks.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: DOI not available