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Found 6407 publications
Effect of subsoiling on the yield of sugar beet under conditions of rhizomania infection.
Publication Name: Mededelingen Rijksuniversiteit Te Gent Fakulteit Van De Landbouwkundige En Toegepaste Biologische Wetenschappen
Publication Date: 2002-01-01
Volume: 67
Issue: 2
Page Range: 321-325
Description:
The rhizomania is known in Hungary since 1982. The causal agent, Beet necrotic yellow vein benyvirus (BNYVV) is transmitted by a soil-borne fungus Polymyxa betae Keskin. A field experiment was done under rhizomania infested and non-infested conditions to compare the yield parameters of five tolerant and four sensitive sugar beet hybrids. Tolerant varieties produced higher root yield under rhizomania infected conditions. The root yields of the sensitive varieties were similar to the tolerant ones on the uninfested field, but the root mass of some tolerant varieties exceeded the production of the former group. Subsoiling was carried out in two strips of a heavily infested field, while conventional soil cultivation was done on the other parts. There was not any other difference in the cultivation of the treated and control areas. Sugar beet root samples were collected at the time of harvesting from the subsoiled and control plots. Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) infection was tested by means of ELISA. Virus content, yield and yield parameters of samples were compared. There were no significant differences in virus infection between sugar beet roots derived from subsoiled and untreated plots. Ratio of BNYVV infected plants was about 90% in both areas. However, yield and yield parameters showed remarkable difference. Root yield of treated plots, calculated from average individual root weight and 80,000 plant/ha plant density exceeded by 140% the yield of control. Sugar content was 2.6% higher and the harmful non-sugar content was lower on the subsoiled plots. Owing to the favourable chemical and technological value of beet the white sugar content was approximately three-times higher on the treated area.
Open Access: Yes
DOI: DOI not available
Innovative Use of Concrete Canvas for Reinforcing Railway Substructures: Enhancing Load-Bearing Capacity and Stability
Publication Name: Acta Polytechnica Hungarica
Publication Date: 2026-01-01
Volume: 23
Issue: 1
Page Range: 71-90
Description:
This study investigates the application of Geosynthetic Cementitious Composite Mats (GCCMs), specifically Concrete Canvas (CC), to reinforce railway substructures. Combining waterproofing, durability, and ease of installation, CC addresses challenges in ballasted railway tracks, such as local failures, moisture, and dynamic forces. The research fills a gap in the literature on CC's dynamic performance and its comparison to geogrids. Experimental methods, including shear box and static plate load tests, revealed that CC increases load-bearing capacity by up to 72% and improves shear resistance through its semi-rigid interlocking mechanism. Robust under dynamic forces, CC ensures stability without deformation. Compared to geogrids, CC offers similar reinforcement, with added benefits like easier hydration and installation. The study concludes that CC is a cost-effective solution for reinforcing railway substructures and improving load distribution and stability. Future research should address environmental impact and integration with advanced materials for enhanced performance and sustainability.
Open Access: Yes
Investigation of the Tensile Strength of Adhesive-Bonded Steels Using Surface Treatments
Publication Name: Materials
Publication Date: 2023-12-01
Volume: 16
Issue: 24
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
This study explores the tensile strength of adhesive joints in steel, focusing on the influence of heat treatment and diverse surface modifications. Results indicate a notable relationship between annealing temperature and tensile strength, with the most favorable outcomes identified at 90 min and 165 °C. Particularly, surfaces treated through turning, sandblasting, and plasma treatment (type C) consistently outperformed other methods. A standout revelation emerged from the turned, sandblasted, and plasma-treated surface (C), showcasing an exceptional tensile strength of 69.06 MPa. Load-holding tests underscored its resilience under diverse load conditions. Surface analyses, including roughness measurements, wetting characteristics, and Scanning Electron Microscope imaging, provided valuable insights into structural transformations induced by different treatments. Chemical composition examinations unveiled significant alterations post-plasma treatment, impacting surface chemistry and contributing to an outstanding tensile strength of 67.63 MPa. In essence, this research offers a glimpse into the nuanced factors influencing adhesive joint strength in steel. The turned, sandblasted, and plasma-treated surface emerges as a promising avenue, sparking further curiosity into the underlying mechanisms propelling superior tensile strength in adhesive joints.
Open Access: Yes
DOI: 10.3390/ma16247663
INTERNATIONAL TRADE LAW AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES – A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK /
Publication Name: Bratislava Law Review
Publication Date: 2020-12-31
Volume: 4
Issue: 2
Page Range: 9-20
Description:
The paper aims to establish a conceptual framework for a relation between technological development and the international trade law. Uncovering the complex interaction between these two areas of the social reality is important today, when we are witnessing an intense period of technological revolution, which transforms not only the trade, but also the whole economy, and at the same time, it also creates challenges to the international trade law. The paper sheds light on the background of these processes and offers an introductory analysis with the aim of mapping the topic and the relevant literature. For this reason, the paper examines the roots of this context, and tries to respond the questions, what are the main challenges this revolution poses to international trade law, and how this area of law can rely upon its infrastructure to respond these challenges.
Open Access: Yes
The Usability of Polymethyl Methacrylate in Marshall Samples for Asphalt Pavements Using in Railway Supplementary Layers
Publication Name: Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems
Publication Date: 2025-01-01
Volume: 1258 LNNS
Issue: Unknown
Page Range: 34-45
Description:
In today's world, construction and infrastructure projects necessitate innovative solutions in environmental sustainability and materials engineering. In this context, research efforts to improve the properties of asphalt mixtures, reduce environmental impacts, and contribute to recycling hold great significance. This study focuses on modifying stone mastic asphalt mixtures with waste material derived from Polymethyl Methacrylate. Using Polymethyl Methacrylate as waste plastic material represents a significant step forward in recycling and sustainable material usage. In the study, Marshall specimens were obtained using Polymethyl Methacrylate in different proportions in bitumen and aggregate. The results of the Marshall specimens were evaluated to determine the usability and optimum ratios of Polymethyl Methacrylate. This study aims to evaluate the impact of Polymethyl Methacrylate on stone mastic asphalt mixtures as a support layer in railway tracks to help reduce noise and vibration. The results demonstrate that varying concentrations of Polymethyl Methacrylate in both aggregate and bitumen significantly alter the mechanical and thermal properties of the asphalt. For instance, incorporating 2.5% Polymethyl Methacrylate in the aggregate increased the VMA to 21, resulting in VFA values of 66. Furthermore, using Polymethyl Methacrylate in the aggregate increased the asphalt samples’ height, ranging from 69 to 72 mm. These findings underscore the effectiveness and feasibility of Polymethyl Methacrylate in sustainable asphalt projects. Following highway technical specifications, incorporating Polymethyl Methacrylate in specific proportions in stone mastic asphalt mixtures can enhance their performance, representing a significant step towards sustainable road construction. However, when the concentration of Polymethyl Methacrylate in the bitumen increased, the bitumen formed deteriorated. Therefore, using waste Polymethyl Methacrylate between 4% and 5% can be considered suitable for improving the properties of bitumen against sustainability and temperature concerns.
Open Access: Yes
Implementing Nature-Based Solutions for Treatment of Winery's Wastewater and Sustainable Carbon-Footprint Reduction
Publication Name: Chemical Engineering Transactions
Publication Date: 2025-01-01
Volume: 121
Issue: Unknown
Page Range: 19-24
Description:
Nature-based solutions can reduce the negative effects of climate change by mitigating the risk of droughts with water retention, increasing infiltration, controlling stormwater runoff and by decreasing atmospheric greenhouse gas emission. The carbon footprint of wastewater treatment plants is significant; the processes are energy-intensive and thus high CO2 emitters. The technology of wine making creates wastewater with extremely high organic content and is coupled with high carbon footprint. Its treatment poses challenges for wastewater plants. This study focuses on the wastewater of winemaking process and its negative effects on carbon-footprint and the wastewater management opportunities of the Csengőd wastewater treatment plant in Hungary. The traditional wastewater treatment and the potential implementation of a poplar plantation were assessed economically and environmentally. The energy consumption and the carbon footprint reduction were compared in the two cases to evaluate their sustainability. Significant energy savings and economic benefits can be achieved by the trade-off between traditional treatment and the use of nature-based solutions. The assessment is novel, because it evaluates all three sustainability pillars, considering: benefits with pay-off through technological processes, environmental aspects and additionally the interests of stakeholders. A poplar plantation can be used to pre-treat wastewater of a winery and thus effectively reduce the high organic concentration – thereby protecting the sensitive technologies of traditional wastewater plants. The trade-off results in annual energy savings of 61,823 kWh and CO2 emission reduction of 16,692 kg, which means financial savings. The direct sustainable benefits are € 287,824 over the 50-year life cycle in a small wastewater plant.
Open Access: Yes
DOI: 10.3303/CET25121004
Convergent validity of the Hungarian version of the Disordered Eating Screen For Athletes (DESA-6H) – Results of a pilot study
Publication Name: Mentalhigiene Es Pszichoszomatika
Publication Date: 2025-10-13
Volume: 26
Issue: 3
Page Range: 123-137
Description:
Background: Adequate nutrient intake is an essential part of athletes’ preparation, which results in more effective training adaptation, recovery, better body composition ratios, and improved sports performance. Inadequate nutrient intake or lack of knowledge can lead to disordered eating and eating disorders, the prevalence of which is higher among athletes than in the general population. In most cases, these unwanted outcomes occur because athletes do not seek the help of a qualified dietitian. According to a 2019 report by the International Olympic Committee, disordered eating and eating disorders’ point prevalence ranges from 6% to 45% in women and 0% to 19% in men. In Hungary, no athlete sample has been tested with screening questionnaires for eating disorders, and the development of reliable measurement tools for identifying this problem is also necessary. Objective: The aim of this study is to present the Hungarian version of the DESA-6 questionnaire (DESA-6H) for screening disordered eating among athletes and to investigate its convergent validity (CV), as well as to evaluate athletes’ nutritional behaviors based on comparative study results. Methods: The DESA-6H questionnaire was tested on elite athletes (n = 131) and recreational athletes (n = 123) aged 14 and older. Kendall’s tau-b correlation was used to establish the CV between the DESA-6H and the total EAT-26 score, as well as between the DESA-6H and the three subscales of the EAT-26. The same method was used to test the potential linear relationship between eating behavior questionnaires and weekly training hours. Chi-square tests were conducted to test the relationships between nominal variables. Differences between groups based on age and sport participation levels were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis H tests, and post-hoc analyses were conducted using Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: The CV analysis showed a significant positive correlation between the DESA-6H and the total EAT-26 score (τb = 0.49, p < 0.001), the EAT-26 Dieting subscale (τb = 0.53, p < 0.001), and the EAT-26 Bulimia subscale (τb = 0.39, p < 0.001). In the total sample, 20.4% scored above the threshold on the DESA-6H, while 40.1% scored above the threshold on the EAT-26. Among sports categories, the highest prevalence was found in aesthetic, weight-dependent, and endurance sports. A significant difference was observed in the DESA-6H scores based on gender (U = 4948.50, Z = –5.210, p < 0.001) and sports participation level (U = 6847.50, Z = –2.123, p = 0.034), with large (Cohen’s d = 0.68) and small ( Cohen’s d = 0.26) effect sizes. The Mann-Whitney U-test showed no significant difference between the 14–17-year-old and 18+ age groups in terms of DESA-6H scores (U = 6082.00, Z = –1.017, p = 0.309). No statistically significant differences were found between the two age groups on the EAT-26 scores either (U = 6490.00, Z = –0.220, p = 0.826). Overall, the statistical tests consistently supported the convergent validity of the DESA-6H when compared with the EAT-26. Conclusions: Based on the results of our research, it can be concluded that the DESA-6H questionnaire is a reliable tool for screening disordered eating among Hungarian athletes. Its application can help in the early detection and prevention of eating disorders.
Open Access: Yes
The potential of the P-graph for optimizing public service processes
Publication Name: Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy
Publication Date: 2025-12-01
Volume: 27
Issue: 12
Page Range: 8461-8473
Description:
The European Union set out several directives and standards for governments and local authorities on environmental policy issues in the planning and management of public services. Public service provisioning is subject to both traditional expectations (such as customer-friendliness and efficiency) and new environmental stewardship and sustainability expectations. This paper analyzes public service processes, particularly the university enrolment process. Our analysis used public service models (Service Blueprinting, Business Process Modeling, Process Chain Network) and a mathematical model (P-graph). Our research aims to analyze the university enrolment process and its efficiency, considering sustainability aspects and expectations and identifying the points that can be modified and improved to make it more efficient, sustainable, qualitatively positive, and economical. According to our research, school administrators are overburdened during the enrolment process, often resulting in overtime work and a high turnover ratio. Our results clearly show the high inefficiency of this administrative process, as administrators can only partially meet their expected labor targets during their regular working hours. We found that the university enrolment process can be improved and made more efficient and sustainable. Using the P-graph, we have found the process’s optimal path and resource requirements in a way that was not feasible with previous models. Heartened by these results, we propose introducing and applying the P-graph as a new model to study other public service processes.
Open Access: Yes
Comparison of sustainability and circularity indicators: downstream vs. upstream supply chain strategies
Publication Name: Discover Sustainability
Publication Date: 2025-12-01
Volume: 6
Issue: 1
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
In the quest for sustainable and circular practices within supply chains, both downstream and upstream strategies play pivotal roles. This structured literature review aims to compare the indicators of sustainability and circularity between downstream and upstream supply chain strategies, evaluating their impact through practical cases and empirical studies. The downstream strategies, which focus on waste management, customer engagement, and reverse network planning, are explored alongside upstream strategies such as sourcing environmentally friendly raw materials and integrating design for circularity principles. This paper assesses the efficacy of these strategies through a comprehensive review of scholarly articles, reports, and case studies in achieving sustainability and circularity goals. The literature review reveals that downstream strategies often face challenges related to felxibility and operational efficiency while crucial for managing end-of-life products and optimizing resource utilization. Conversely, upstream strategies, emphasizing eco-friendly sourcing and circular design principles which demonstrate significant potential for long term sustainability and circularity. Practical cases illustrate how upstream interventions can lead to reduced environmental impact, enhanced resource efficiency, and increased product longevity across various industries. Furthermore, the review highlights the interconnectedness of downstream and upstream strategies within the broader supply chain ecosystem. Synergistic approaches that integrate both strategies demonstrate the highest potential for driving transformative change towards sustainable and circular supply chains. Ultimately, this review underscores the importance of integrated approaches that leverage both downstream and upstream strategies to achieve lasting environmental and economic benefits to provides insights for policymakers and researchers seeking to prioritize interventions that maximize sustainability and circularity across the supply chain.
Open Access: Yes
