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Found 6273 publications
Comparative Analysis of Following Distances in Different Adaptive Cruise Control Systems at Steady Speeds
Publication Name: World Electric Vehicle Journal
Publication Date: 2024-03-01
Volume: 15
Issue: 3
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) systems have emerged as a significant advancement in automotive technology, promising safer and more efficient driving experiences. However, the performance of ACC systems can vary significantly depending on their type and underlying algorithms. This research presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of car-following distances in different types of Adaptive Cruise Control systems. We evaluate and compare three distinct categories of ACC systems using three different commercial vehicles brands. The study involves extensive real-world testing at Zalazone Proving Ground, to assess the performance of these systems under various driving conditions, including driving at multiple speeds and applying different car following scenarios. The study investigates how each ACC system manages the minimum following distances according to the type of ACC sensors in each tested vehicle. Our findings revealed that at low to medium ranges of constant driving speeds, there was an approximate linear increase in the average clearances between the two following vehicles for all applied scenarios, with comparatively shorter clearances obtained by the vision-based ACC system, while unstable measurements with a high level of dispersion for all ACC systems were observed at high range of driving speeds.
Open Access: Yes
DOI: 10.3390/wevj15030116
Constructing and sampling partite, 3-uniform hypergraphs with given degree sequence
Publication Name: Plos One
Publication Date: 2024-05-01
Volume: 19
Issue: 5 May
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
Partite, 3-uniform hypergraphs are 3-uniform hypergraphs in which each hyperedge contains exactly one point from each of the 3 disjoint vertex classes. We consider the degree sequence problem of partite, 3-uniform hypergraphs, that is, to decide if such a hypergraph with prescribed degree sequences exists. We prove that this decision problem is NP-complete in general, and give a polynomial running time algorithm for third almost-regular degree sequences, that is, when each degree in one of the vertex classes is k or k − 1 for some fixed k, and there is no restriction for the other two vertex classes. We also consider the sampling problem, that is, to uniformly sample partite, 3-uniform hypergraphs with prescribed degree sequences. We propose a Parallel Tempering method, where the hypothetical energy of the hypergraphs measures the deviation from the prescribed degree sequence. The method has been implemented and tested on synthetic and real data. It can also be applied for χ2 testing of contingency tables. We have shown that this hypergraph-based χ2 test is more sensitive than the standard χ2 test. The extra sensitivity is especially advantageous on small data sets, where the proposed Parallel Tempering method shows promising performance.
Open Access: Yes
Comparative Analysis of Driver Interface Systems in Ultra-Efficient Lightweight Electric Vehicles: a Study on Energy Efficiency and Driver Focus
Publication Name: Chemical Engineering Transactions
Publication Date: 2024-01-01
Volume: 114
Issue: Unknown
Page Range: 997-1002
Description:
This paper presents a comprehensive examination of two driver interface systems within the context of Ultra-Efficient Lightweight Electric Vehicles (ULEV) aimed at enhancing energy efficiency and optimizing driver focus. The vehicle employs two interface systems: a 10.1-inch touchscreen tablet with a custom Graphical User interface (GUI) that offers comprehensive data management, diagnostics, and control functionalities and a 5.5-inch wide, passive OLED display designed for ultra-low energy consumption. The tablet's advanced features come with the potential for driver distraction. In contrast, the OLED display takes a minimalist approach by presenting only critical information. This enhances driving focus and efficiency. This research utilizes a wearable eye-tracking device to measure drivers' focus and distraction levels while also logging driving performance and energy consumption data. The aim is to determine the most effective interface for promoting efficient driving practices. The study achieved significant insights into the balancing of information accessibility and cognitive load in driving while also optimizing energy efficiency. The results demonstrate the advantages of assistant systems, which reduce energy consumption by 11-15%, provide concentrated information projection, and minimize driver distraction.
Open Access: Yes
DOI: 10.3303/CET24114167
Integrating push-out test validation and fuzzy logic for bond strength study of fiber-reinforced self-compacting concrete
Publication Name: Construction and Building Materials
Publication Date: 2024-04-26
Volume: 425
Issue: Unknown
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
This study offers a comprehensive analysis of Fiber-Reinforced Self-Compacting Concrete (FRSCC) with a focus on shear bond strength influenced by specific compositions of microsilica, zeolite, slag, and polypropylene fibers. Twenty distinct FRSCC mixes underwent extensive testing, including 28-day compressive strength, tensile strength assessments, and push-out and slant shear tests. A significant outcome is the strong correlation between the push-out and slant shear test results, exemplified by an R² value of 0.88, confirming the push-out test as a viable and practical alternative for bond strength assessment. Experimentally, fibers were found to enhance tensile strength, with the inclusion of 15% microsilica and slag further amplifying this effect, highlighting the critical role of precise pozzolan selection in achieving optimal mechanical performance and workability in FRSCC. Furthermore, the study introduces a fuzzy logic system for predicting shear bond strength, achieving high predictive accuracy with R² values reaching up to 0.96, depending on the t-norms utilized. This research not only validates the push-out test as a reliable method for evaluating shear bond strength in FRSCC but also demonstrates the efficacy of the fuzzy logic approach, representing a groundbreaking contribution in both computational analysis and practical methodology for concrete structural integrity.
Open Access: Yes
Functional Outcome and Safety of Endoscopic Treatment Options for Benign Prostatic Obstruction (BPO) in Patients ≥ 75 Years of Age
Publication Name: Journal of Clinical Medicine
Publication Date: 2024-03-01
Volume: 13
Issue: 6
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
Background: The selection of suitable patients for the surgical treatment of benign prostatic obstruction (BPO) is a challenge in persons ≥75 years of age. Methods: After a systematic literature search of PubMed, 22 articles were included in this review. Clinical and functional parameters were evaluated statistically. Results: The mean age of the patients was ≥79 years. The mean duration of postoperative catheterization ranged between 2 (d) (ThuLEP, thulium laser enucleation of the prostate) and 4.4 days (TURP, transurethral resection of the prostate). Complication rates ranged between 6% (HoLAP, holmium laser ablation of the prostate) and 34% (PVP, photoselective vaporization of the prostate); the maximum rate of severe complications was 4% (TURP). The mean postoperative maximal urinary flow (Qmax) in mL/sec. ranged between 12.9 mL/sec. (HoLAP) and 19.8 mL/sec (Hol-TUIP, holmium laser transurethral incision of the prostate). The mean quality of life (QoL) score fell from 4.7 ± 0.9 to 1.8 ± 0.7 (HoLEP), from 4.1 ± 0.4 to 1.9 ± 0.8 (PVP), from 5.1 ± 0.2 to 2.1 ± 0.2 (TURP), and from 4 to 1 (ThuVEP, thulium laser vapoenucleation of the prostate). Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) revealed a positive linear correlation between age and inferior functional outcome (higher postoperative International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) [r = 0.4175]), higher overall complication rates (r = 0.5432), and blood transfusions (r = 0.4474) across all surgical techniques. Conclusions: This meta-analysis provides the summary estimates for perioperative and postoperative functional outcome and safety of endoscopic treatment options for BPO in patients ≥ 75 years of age. Of particular importance is that all surgical techniques significantly improve the postoperative quality of life of patients in this age group compared to their preoperative quality of life.
Open Access: Yes
DOI: 10.3390/jcm13061561
Motorcycle/Donorcycle: Improving Motorcyclist Safety in Győr, Hungary †
Publication Name: Engineering Proceedings
Publication Date: 2024-01-01
Volume: 79
Issue: 1
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
Due to their high fatality rate, motorcycles, often referred to as “donorcycles” in the U.S., present unique safety challenges. In Hungary, motorcycle safety remains a critical issue despite a relatively low per capita rate of motor vehicle deaths, largely due to limited ownership and recognition. This study examines historical trends in motorcycle use in Hungary and the economic factors influencing their current prevalence. By emphasizing the crucial role of helmets and safety gear, road conditions, and environmental factors, this paper provides actionable recommendations to improve motorcycle safety in Győr and the surrounding regions. Implementing these recommendations stands to significantly reduce accidents and save lives, ensuring safer roads for all.
Open Access: Yes
Nexus between climate change, agricultural output, fertilizer use, agriculture soil emissions: Novel implications in the context of environmental management
Publication Name: Journal of Cleaner Production
Publication Date: 2024-04-15
Volume: 450
Issue: Unknown
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
In evaluating the influence of greenhouse gases (GHGs) on climate change, the effectiveness of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) is intricately tied to their atmospheric turnover rates, which play a crucial role in their heat-trapping capacity. Understanding the dynamics of how these gases cycle through the atmosphere is essential for assessing their respective contributions to the greenhouse effect and, consequently, their impact on global warming and climate change. The prime objective of this research is to examine the role of climatic change, agriculture output, and fertilizer use on the agriculture soil's greenhouse gas emissions. In doing so, the present study has focused on the temperature of land, fertilizer consumption, crop and livestock production, and energy used in agriculture soils on the pollution level of agricultural soils. The study further delineates the intricate interdependencies between climate change factors and GHG emissions using novel econometric methodologies, specifically the PMG-ARDL, SC-ARDL, and Dumitrescu Hurlin Panel Causality frameworks. In doing so, we use a large panel dataset spanning 1990 to 2020. The estimations show that climate change, as measured by variations in terrestrial temperature, has a discernible and positive impact on GHG emissions over the short and long term. Energy consumption and livestock production positively correlate with GHG emissions, with the former having a more pronounced effect. The implications of fertilizer usage and overall crop yield become noticeably significant in the long term. It emphasizes the importance of using a diachronic perspective when assessing GHG emissions in the agricultural sector. It is also worth noting that agricultural land use appears to negatively impact GHG emissions, emphasizing the importance of implementing sustainable land management practices to mitigate adverse environmental consequences. The study also explores the causality between climate change, agricultural practices, and GHG emissions, revealing a bidirectional association between climatic change and soil emissions. Additionally, unidirectional causation is observed from fertilizer consumption and crop production to emissions, underscoring the importance of adopting sustainable agricultural practices to reduce emissions. The findings offer valuable insights for governments and researchers to create sustainability-related strategies for dealing with climate change issues, safeguarding natural resources, and ensuring a sustainable future for agriculture.
Open Access: Yes
Water Droplet Collison and Erosion on High-Speed Spinning Wheels
Publication Name: SAE International Journal of Engines
Publication Date: 2024-04-04
Volume: 17
Issue: 5
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
The water droplet erosion (WDE) on high-speed rotating wheels appears in several engineering fields such as wind turbines, stationary steam turbines, fuel cell turbines, and turbochargers. The main reasons for this phenomenon are the high relative velocity difference between the colliding particles and the rotor, as well as the presence of inadequate material structure and surface parameters. One of the latest challenges in this area is the compressor wheels used in turbochargers, which has a speed up to 300,000 rpm and have typically been made of aluminum alloy for decades, to achieve the lowest possible rotor inertia. However, while in the past this component was only encountered with filtered air, nowadays, due to developments in compliance with tightening emission standards, various fluids also collide with the spinning blades, which can cause mechanical damage. One such fluid is the condensed water in the low-pressure exhaust gas recirculation channel (LP-EGR) formulated at cold starts and low-speed high load conditions. This kind of design has been developed to reduce nitrogen oxide emissions and is used in both gasoline and diesel engines. This article presents a state-of-the-art review of this WDE process, focusing on the formation of the condensed water before the compressor wheel, summarizing the influencing factors of WDE and the effects of the damage including using component testbench experiences and simulation methodologies. Inspection possibilities such as high-speed camera measurement and vibration analysis are also an important part of the document.
Open Access: Yes
Analysis of Digital Tourist's Purchasing Decision Process Based on Feedback and Opinions
Publication Name: Decision Making Applications in Management and Engineering
Publication Date: 2024-04-01
Volume: 7
Issue: 1
Page Range: 270-289
Description:
Today, tourism and digitalisation are very much intertwined. The phenomenon of tourism in the digital space - digital tourism - emerged with the birth of the internet and has grown in intensity over the years. The evolution of digitalisation has brought about a paradigm shift that has not only led consumers to adopt information and communication technologies, but has also greatly transformed consumer behaviour, preferences and motivations. Indeed, the development of technology has disrupted the traditional booking trends of tourists, their attitudes towards tourism and the social groups of tourists by providing dynamic online communication channels. Digital tourism users - digital tourists - are increasingly aware of the information and communication technologies, services and tools available to them, and are able to shape the market offer tailored to their needs through their actions and the data they provide. One of the most effective means of doing this is to share feedback and opinions online. In our research, I provide secondary information to support the importance of feedback and opinions, clarify its role in digital tourism, and then investigate the phenomenon of electronic-world-of-mouth through a questionnaire survey and decision tree analysis, and highlight the insights and implications of eWOM for digital tourists' behaviour in the online space based on opinions.
Open Access: Yes
