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ANALYSIS OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FACTORS INFLUENCING THE UNEMPLOYMENT RATE: A COMPARISON OF THREE ASEAN COUNTRIES

Laszlo Vasa Péter Karácsony Nguyen Thi Khanh Huyen

Publication Name: Transformations in Business and Economics

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 23

Issue: 3

Page Range: 345-361

Description:

Socio-economic issues, including inflation, business volatility, overcrowding, poverty, begging, and falling living conditions, are getting worse and worse every day in the modern day. Unemployment is one of the most hazardous and debilitating issues for any economy among such unfathomable issues. Unemployment is a term often used in macroeconomics to refer to the state of people of working age who have full working capacity and need to find a job but do not yet have one. The unemployment rate is an indicator that affects the economic development of a country, and governments often have to have the most effective unemployment rate management policies. The study focuses on inflation factors, including wages, economic growth, and education. Each country has different effects of the above factors on the unemployment rate. This study shows different conclusions across countries. For the overall population, through the analysis of a sample of all three countries, wage and education have a negative impact on the unemployment rate. This is essentially consistent with many other studies where an increase in wages leads to more workers entering the labour force. The studied countries are all major economies in Asia. For a country with a high growth rate like Vietnam, drivers such as increasing wages or boosting education clearly increase job opportunities and simultaneously reduce unemployment.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: DOI not available

Defining User Coordinate Systems for Industrial Robots in Mixed Reality

Péter Galambos Csaba Hajdu Károly Széll Zoltán Szilágyi Ákos Soós

Publication Name: Cando EPE 2024 Proceedings IEEE 7th International Conference and Workshop Obuda on Electrical and Power Engineering

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 225-230

Description:

This article presents a solution to support the identification of important user coordinate systems for creating an industrial robot work programme. The objective of this article is to provide a support tool for users for a task that may arise numerous times during the lifecycle of industrial robots. The solution described in the article offers a developable support tool that can be transferred from the industrial robotics environment to the collaborative robots' application environment, where the proportion of professionally trained and experienced users may be smaller compared to the previously mentioned area. By reducing the time required and improving the quality of task results, it can contribute to increasing the efficiency of robot systems.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1109/CANDO-EPE65072.2024.10772842

Energetic Analysis of Mixed-Flow Grain Dryers: a Case Study in Hungary

Ting Pan Ferenc Péter Speiser Bence Nagy

Publication Name: Chemical Engineering Transactions

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 114

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 847-852

Description:

Convective grain drying powered by natural gas is a highly energy-intensive process with a substantial impact on the secure storage of harvested grain. By improving energy efficiency and reducing natural gas consumption, it is possible to decrease the operation's ecological footprint by lowering CO2 emissions. However, previous studies often analyse the drying process as a whole, giving less attention to individual processes. For instance, uneven drying can lead to issues during storage, such as microbial growth and dust accumulation. This paper presents an energetic analysis of mixed-flow grain dryers based on a case study in Hungary for the long term. It examines the fundamental physical characteristics of each dryer and identifies key modifications to ensure proper operation. The paper also introduces a precision drying method that allows fine-tuning of process parameters (e.g., airflow, grain flow) to optimise grain moisture content to the desired level based on large-scale continuous temperature measurements. These measurements can also validate previous modifications, enabling ongoing monitoring of optimal operating conditions via heatmaps.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3303/CET24114142

Numerical Study of the Geogrid Reinforced Soil Wall Incorporating Strain-Softening Constitutive Soil Model

Seyed Ali Emamian Majid Movahedi Rad Vahid Shafaie Géza Herczeg Mahdi Salari

Publication Name: Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 59

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 327-333

Description:

This study embarks on a numerical exploration of Geogrid Reinforced Soil Walls (GRSW), employing finite difference analysis to compare two soil constitutive models, highlighting the efficacy of a refined strain-softening model. This innovative approach markedly improves the prediction of GRSW performance, particularly aligning the safety factor more closely with real-world observations. Notably, the strain-softening model demonstrates a superior ability over the perfectly plastic model by significantly reducing the mean overall error in predicting maximum geogrid strain overall from 51% to 30%, reflecting a significant 41% improvement in precision, thereby presenting a significant tool for enhancing geotechnical design practices. The research underlines the potential of this model to elevate the safety and reliability of GRSW constructions, contributing to elevated design standards within the field of geotechnical engineering.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3233/ATDE240563

Illicit practices: Experience of developed countries

Tetiana Vasylieva Hanna Yarovenko Sándor Remsei Leonas Ustinovichius

Publication Name: Journal of International Studies

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 17

Issue: 2

Page Range: 146-177

Description:

The article is devoted to finding the answer to two research questions. What illegal practices are most significant for clusters of developed countries formed by similarities in trends in corruption, shadow economy, money laundering, and crime rates? What social, economic, regulatory, and digital factors most influence them in each group? The pair correlation coefficients for illicit practices indicators confirm the presence of tight and statistically significant relationships in their trends for 36 developed countries. The agglomerative clustering and canonical analysis results identified that tackling the shadow economy is crucial for Estonia, Slovenia, and Lithuania; corruption for Portugal, Hungary, Cyprus, etc.; the shadow sector and crime levels for Denmark, Norway, Finland, Sweden, and New Zealand; corruption, money laundering, and crime for Canada, Germany, the USA, etc.; four illegal practices for Italy, Greece, Turkey, Croatia, Bulgaria, and Romania. The canonical analysis revealed that social and regulatory factors influence the trends of illicit practices in developed countries more than economic and digital ones. Network analysis showed their single moderate influence in most cases. Edge evidence probability analysis confirmed a high probability of a relationship between some pairs of social, economic, regulatory, digital and illegal indicators. However, Bayesian network analysis showed a low likelihood of mutual influence of single factors, confirming the importance of the group influence.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.14254/2071-8330.2024/17-2/8

The analysis of urbanization drivers in Kazakhstan: A regional assessment from 2010–2022

Laszlo Vasa Makpal Bekturganova Ainur Amirova Gaukhar Kenzhegulova Assel Bekbossinova

Publication Name: Journal of Infrastructure Policy and Development

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 8

Issue: 8

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Urbanization process affects global socio-economic development. Originally tied to modernization and industrialization, current urbanization policy is focused on productivity, economic activities, and environmental sustainability. This study examines impact of urbanization in various regions of Kazakhstan, focusing on environmental, social, labor, industrial, and economic indicators. The study aims to assess how different indicators influence urbanization trends in Kazakhstan, particularly regarding environmental emissions and pollution. It delves into regional development patterns and identifies key contributing factors. The research methodology is based on classical economic theories of urbanization and modern interpretations emphasizing sustainability and socio-economic impacts and includes two stages. Shannon entropy measures diversity and uncertainty in urbanization indicators, while cluster analysis identifies regional patterns. Data from 2010 to 2022 for 17 regions forms the basis of analysis. Regions are categorized into groups based on urbanization levels leaders, challenged, stable, and outliers. This classification reveals disparities in urban development and its impacts. Findings stress the importance of integrating environmental and social considerations into urban planning and policies. Targeted interventions based on regional characteristics and urbanization levels are recommended to enhance sustainability and socio-economic outcomes. Tailored urban policies accommodating specific regional needs are crucial. Effective management and policy-making demand a nuanced understanding of these impacts, emphasizing region-specific strategies over a uniform approach.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.24294/jipd.v8i8.6157

Evaluating Sustainable Online Education: A Cross-Disciplinary Analysis of IT Device Utilization among Slovakian and Hungarian University Students

Ondrej Takáč Nóra Gombköto Iveta Štempeľová

Publication Name: Sustainability Switzerland

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 16

Issue: 2

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

By the onset of the 21st century, online presence had become prevalent in higher education, with the COVID-19 pandemic further accelerating this trend. However, the success of online education and its assessment by students can differ significantly from region to region and according to the field of study. This can be influenced by students’ habits of using IT devices, but it can also occur the other way around. In this research, experiences related to online education were examined in the fields of Informatics, Agriculture and Pharmacy education at two higher-education institutions in Slovakia and one in Hungary, considering the environmental and social sustainability implications. In the study, in addition to simple statistical methods, a cross-tabulation analysis was carried out using Cramer’s V method. The results have shown that the students of the investigated institutions confidently navigate the online world; they are conscious users of IT tools without being addicted. A total of 74% of students in Mosonmagyaróvár believe they possess sufficient information about the risks associated with computers, mobile phones, and the Internet, whereas only 34% of students in Košice share the same sentiment. The reason for the differences between these characteristics can be attributed to the specialties of the different majors, and not to those arising from regional differences, raising important questions about the ecological sustainability of online education practices. A relatively great consistency can be observed in the assessment of online learning among students from the three institutions, with approximately 85% expressing overall satisfaction with the online learning experience. The easier availability of study materials and savings on travel are mentioned as advantages, contributing to economic sustainability. However, separation from their mates and the lack of practical training may be regarded as a disadvantage for them, as they seem to have a preference for face-to-face training. Overall, it may be concluded that purely online training in the fields of Informatics, Agriculture, and Pharmacy training is not feasible for the time being, necessitating a balanced and sustainable approach for the future.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/su16020699

Systematic Method of Retrofitting Wastewater Transportation Systems for Enhanced Reliability

Ákos Orosz Kirti M. Yenkie Jean Pimentel Andres Castellar-Freile

Publication Name: Chemical Engineering Transactions

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 114

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 1075-1080

Description:

While the treatment of wastewater is an important issue that received significant attention in the past decades, improving the related technologies is only one part of a more complex task. Domestic wastewater is usually transported via the city's sewer system, and in many places, it is combined with rainwater. This means that disturbances, such as heavy rainfall or failures in the pipeline system, can lead to floods of polluted wastewater. Thus, it is important to design such transportation systems to be reliable. This work presents a methodology for generating several potential extensions to retrofit an existing water transportation network and increase its reliability. Reliability and feasibility evaluation is performed via the P-graph framework, after which the nondominated networks are collected. Results of the presented case study show that reliability can be increased 3 times by adding only some of the possible extensions to the network. The methodology proposed analysed 512 plausible retrofitting alternatives, from which 20 are non-dominated networks. This range of alternatives provides designers with insightful information to decrease water pollution and the vulnerability of wastewater systems.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3303/CET24114180

SOCIAL EXPENDITURE MULTIPLIER: ASSESSMENT OF ECONOMIC EFFECT AND OPTIMAL VALUES

Halyna Mishchuk Svitlana Bilan Halyna Yurchyk Marinko Skare

Publication Name: Economics and Sociology

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 17

Issue: 1

Page Range: 182-195

Description:

The main aim of the study is to test the hypothesis that social expenditures are not only a source of social support and budgeting of the social sphere, but can be a significant lever of economic development, provided proper planning of their share and volume. In this regard, the authors have adapted the open-economy multiplier to assess the economic effect of social expenditures. Based on the correlation analysis of the relationship between the share of social expenditures (% of GDP) and the multiplier of social expenditures, conducted on the example of EU countries, two groups of countries are identified depending on the impact of social expenditure multiplier on GDP: the first one embraces those countries that are characterized by a growing economic return from social expenditures; the second one is where the return is declining. To determine the optimal levels of social expenditures, which can be expected to have a positive economic effect in the form of GDP growth, we have identified critical limits of the multiplier of social expenditures according to the principle: the maximum value is seen in the group of countries with positive impact; the minimal one is experienced in countries with inverse dependence of the share of social expenditures and their multiplier. As a result, the experience of financing social expenditures in the EU leads to the conclusion that the optimal share of social expenditures in GDP ranges from 28% to 30% – within these limits multiplier values exceed 1.0, i.e. there is a positive impact of social expenditures on GDP in the form of the growth of economic results over the resources consumed.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.14254/2071-789X.2024/17-1/12