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Optimization of the Angled Guide Plate for the Vossloh W14-PK Fastener

Guoqing Jing Yunyun Tong Peyman Aela Majid Movahedi Rad Wei Qi

Publication Name: Acta Polytechnica Hungarica

Publication Date: 2022-01-01

Volume: 19

Issue: 6

Page Range: 163-182

Description:

Angled guide plates are used to transmit the forces induced by trains, from the rail seat, to the concrete sleepers. Additionally, the design of the angled guide plates, with an appropriate width, supports tilting protection. Considering the updated requirements of the ML-1 railway line, in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, an optimization design of the angled guide plate of the Vossloh W14-PK fasteners was carried out herein. The design requirements of the angled guide plate need to meet the requirements of structural stress and protect the plates from deterioration. Given the conducted refined model of the Vossloh W14-PK fastener, it is shown that the force and deformation of the angled guide plate, in the bearing groove adjacent and the outside bolt hole area, are small. Therefore, it was preliminarily recommended that the optimization area of the angled guide plate be divided into the section I, close to the rail groove and section II, outside the bolt hole. The Finite Element Model (FEM) of angled guide plate was established, which is used to analyze the influences of length, width, depth and the number of holes, in section I and section II, on the force distribution, across the angled guide plate. The results show that the scheme of reducing the amount of material and minimizing the influence of force on the structure of the angled guide plate, is to punch three holes in section I and two holes in section II. The holes in section I/II are 20/30 mm in length, 8/8 in width, and 15/8 mm in depth, respectively. The fatigue test showed that the optimized angled guide plate, had good application effects.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.12700/APH.19.6.2022.6.12

Impact of environmental and soil factors in the prediction of soil carbon dioxide emissions under different tillage systems

Renato Kalocsai Viktoria Vona István Mihály Kulmány Laszló Bede Ana Beslin Zsolt Giczi

Publication Name: Ecocycles

Publication Date: 2022-01-01

Volume: 8

Issue: 1

Page Range: 27-39

Description:

Understanding the roles of natural drivers in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of arable fields is crucial for adequate agricultural management. This study investigated the combined effect of two tillage treatments (NT - no-tillage; CT - tillage with mouldboard ploughing) and environmental (air pressure, air temperature) and soil factors (total organic carbon, gravimetric water content and soil penetration resistance) on soil carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in maize in 2020 and 2021. The soil tubes required for the laboratory measurement were derived from three different altitudes of the two differently cultivated fields from Fejér county, Hungary. The typical soil type was Chernozem in both fields. At the time of soil sampling, soil penetration resistance was measured with a 06.15SA Penetrologger in 10 repetitions. To preserve the moisture content of the soil columns during the investigation, moisture replenishment was performed equal to the degree of weekly theoretical evapotranspiration. Emissions measurements of soil columns were performed by close chamber technique for five weeks from sampling, 15 times, in 3 repetitions in laboratory conditions. The data were evaluated by two-way ANOVA, followed by the Tukey HSD multiple comparison test and two-tailed Student's T-test at a significance level of p<0.05. The combined effect of environmental factors on soil carbon dioxide emissions was investigated using stepwise multiple linear regression. It has been proved that the observed difference between soil penetration resistance and soil carbon dioxide emissions was significant between CT and NT cultivation at different stages of the growing season. The analysis of the interaction of the experimental factors revealed that the combined effect of soil penetration resistance, total organic carbon and moisture content in tillage system (adjusted R2=0.92 at a significance level of p=0.05) in 2020, while the combined effect of moisture content and air temperature in the no-tillage system (adjusted R2=0.79 at a significance level of p=0.085) has the most significant effect on soil CO2 emissions in 2020. In 2021, the air temperature for the tillage system (adjusted R2=0.74 at a significance level of p=0.05) and the combined effect of air temperature and pressure for no-tillage systems (adjusted R2=0.69 at a significance level of p=0.1) played an important role in soil CO2 emissions. These observations highlight that different soil and environmental factors of different tillage significantly impact the soil carbon dioxide emissions in different years.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.19040/ecocycles.v8i1.216

The impact of a low-cost airline’s flights on local economy – On the example of Cluj-Napoca International Airport (Romania)

Dusek Tamás Lukovics Miklós

Publication Name: Regional Statistics

Publication Date: 2022-01-01

Volume: 12

Issue: 4

Page Range: 132-151

Description:

Aviation is paramount in contemporary medium and long-distance transport, and airports are essential junctions in the modern globalised economy. The presence of airports is determinative concerning local regions or areas, and a specific methodology demonstrates its impact on the economy. It allows estimating the direct, indirect, and consequent multiplicative effect of the presence of airports on employment and income more accurately. Thus, it numerically describes the economic significance of certain airports as well. It is not only about quantifying the significant impact of an airport on the local economy; it should also be the extent to which an airline’s presence impacts regional and local economic processes. Besides analysing general methodological issues concerning the impact analysis of airports, this study aims to evaluate the impact of a particular low-cost airline’s flights on the local economy. The basis of our study is the Cluj Avram Iancu International Airport (CLJ) of Cluj-Napoca, Romania, and its dominant airline Wizz Air, which has a distinct impact because of its distance from large international airports. Thus, we can conclude that as a net result at the regional level, the presence of Wizz Air’s Cluj-Napoca flights generates over 4,000 person employment impact besides about 54 million euro income impact on the local economy

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.15196/RS120406

Effect of ethanol solvents on total phenolic content and antioxidant properties of seed extracts of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum l.) varieties and determination of phenolic composition by hplc-esi-ms

Hanna Lohvina Makai Sándor Michael Wink

Publication Name: Diversity

Publication Date: 2022-01-01

Volume: 14

Issue: 1

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) is one of the oldest cultivated plants grown for its leaves and seeds that are used for both culinary and medicinal purpose. This study aims to evaluate the effect of ethanol concentration (30, 50, 70 and 96% (v/v) of ethanol in water) as a solvent for the extraction of total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant properties (antiradical activity (ARA), transition metal reducing power (TMRP), iron chelating ability (ICA)) of seed extracts of spring variety Ovari 4 (FSV) and winter variety PSZ.G.SZ (FWV) fenugreek, and separate and identify the major phenolics of the extracts by HPLC-ESI-MS. The results indicated that 70% ethanol solution resulted in the maximum amount of TPC for both FSV and FWV seeds. The TPC decreased in the treatments in the following order: 70% ethanol > 96% ethanol > 50% ethanol > 30% ethanol, whereas extraction yield changed in a different manner: 30% ethanol > 50% ethanol > 70% ethanol > 96% ethanol. The extracts from seeds of both fenugreek varieties obtained with 70% and 96% ethanol showed equal high RSA while superior TMRP and ICA were observed in 70% ethanol extracts. The TMRP and ICA were strongly correlated with TPC for both varieties. The correlation between RSA and TPC was high, but not significant. Thus, the obtained data indicate the 70% ethanol solvent suitability for efficient extraction of phenolic compounds from seeds of the FWV and FSV. According to an HPLC-ESI-MS analysis, the polyphenolic profiles of fenugreek are presumably formed by flavone C-glycosides with apigenin or luteolin as aglycone linked with different glycones. High antioxidant activity of FWV seeds can be an adaptation to cold stress of the winter variety aimed at strengthening the antioxidant defense of the germinating seeds.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/d14010007

Regenerative Braking Optimization of Lightweight Vehicle based on Vehicle Model

Péter Korös Zoltan Pusztai Ferenc Szauter Ferenc Friedler

Publication Name: Chemical Engineering Transactions

Publication Date: 2022-01-01

Volume: 94

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 601-606

Description:

The usage of regenerative braking highly improves the overall energy efficiency of electric vehicles. In this paper, the model-based optimization of the torque profile is determined in the regenerative braking process of a lightweight electric vehicle. For the optimization, measurement-based vehicle model was used, where the extended powertrain model was set up, including the regenerative operation. The whole model was elaborated in MATLAB Simulink environment, where genetic algorithm (GA) was applied for the optimization. The resulted optimized braking curve was applied to control the experimental vehicle and field test were made to validate the optimization results. The results of the presented work can be directly used to further improve the drive cycle efficiency of the urban electric vehicles. The application of optimized driving strategies, including regenerative braking, could contribute to further energy and pollution reduction in urban transportation.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3303/CET2294100

Scientific and common concepts of probability and risk

Dusek Tamás

Publication Name: Statisztikai Szemle

Publication Date: 2022-01-01

Volume: 100

Issue: 9

Page Range: 873-895

Description:

A „valószínűség” és a „kockázat” kifejezésekhez a tudományos és a hétköznapi szóhasználat egyaránt többféle értelmet vagy jelentésárnyalatot társít, hasonlóan az olyan szavakhoz, mint például az „erő”, a „munka”, a „tömeg”, a „nyomás”, amelyeknek eredeti, hétköznapi jelentései, jelentésárnyalatai mellett szintén létezik egy, mérési eljárás révén pontosan definiált tudományos, fizikai értelme. A hétköznapi használat sokfélesége többnyire nem okoz gondot, mert a kontextus pontosíthatja a jelentést, vagy legfeljebb a hétköznapokban tetten érhető félreértésekhez vezet. A tudományos nyelvhasználatban azonban problémát okozhat, ha a hétköznapitól egyértelműen eltérően, de egyszerre több, egymástól is különböző jelentésben használnak párhuzamosan egy fogalmat. A mai napig ez jellemző a valószínűség és a kockázat értelmezéseire. A koncepciók a tudomány történelmi fejlődése során is változtak, illetve többszöri újradefiniálásuk miatt azonos időpontban is több értelemben használatosak. Szerencsésebb és kevésbé félrevezető lett volna, ha a véletlen tömegjelenségek vizsgálatával foglalkozó szakterület számára egy köznapi jelentéssel nem terhelt szakterminust vezetnek be. A fenti problémák miatt hasznos lehet az eltérő értelmezések áttekintése. Jelen rövid írás a történeti részletek, vitapontok és részletes hivatkozások mellőzésével a két fogalom tudományon belüli főbb megközelítéseit, valamint a jellemzőbb hétköznapi használatát mutatja be.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.20311/STAT2022.9.HU0873

Out-of-plane buckling resistance of members with monosymmetric I-section according to prEN 1993–1–1:2020

Achim Rubert Gábor Hajdú

Publication Name: Bauingenieur

Publication Date: 2022-01-01

Volume: 97

Issue: 6

Page Range: 173-185

Description:

In this paper, the stability resistance of beam-columns with monosymmetric I-section are examined according to prEN 1993–1–1:2020 standard. The buckling behaviour of the members with monosymmetric I-section is different from doubly symmetric cross-section because the eccentricity between the shear centre and centre of gravity causes additional second-order bending moments and second-order bimoment from compression. This paper aims to show a comparison between the results of the Interaction Method, General Method and the Overall Imperfection Method. To investigate the accuracy of the above-mentioned design methods several geometrically and materially nonlinear analyses with imperfections (also known as GMNIA) were carried out by the authors. The parametric study showed that the different methods have similar safety level in the investigated cases.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.37544/0005-6650-2022-06-33

Predicting the impact of type changes on Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) through machine learning

János Jósvai Péter Dobra

Publication Name: 2022 IEEE 1st International Conference on Internet of Digital Reality Iod 2022

Publication Date: 2022-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 11-16

Description:

Nowadays, Industry 4.0 and the Smart Manufacturing environment are increasingly taking advantage of Artificial Intelligence. There are more and more sensors, cameras, vision systems and barcodes in the production area, as a result of which the number of data recorded during manufacturing and assembly operations is growing extremely fast. The interpretation and processing of such production-type data by humans is believed less effective. In the Big Data domain, machine learning is playing an increasingly important role within data mining. This paper focuses on the product change processes of semi-automatic assembly line batch production and examines the impact of changes on Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) and attempts to determine future values through supervised machine learning. Using decision tree, the effect on the OEE value can be predicted with an accuracy of up to 1%. The presented data and conclusions come from a real industrial environment, so the obtained results are proven in practice.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1109/IoD55468.2022.9986645

HISTORY OF HUMAN GENETICS IN NUTSHELL: FROM MENDEL TO CRISPR-BABIES

Mónika Nogel

Publication Name: Medicine and Law

Publication Date: 2022-01-01

Volume: 41

Issue: 4

Page Range: 599-610

Description:

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna in 2020 for the development of CRISPRI, a method for genome editing. CRISPR/ Cas9 was initially developed in 2012, just six years later a Chinese researcher claimed that twin girls had been born via genome editing using CRISPR/Cas9, shocking the scientific community. This situation is reminiscent of the reaction to recombinant DNA in the 1970's where the scientific community aimed to impose a voluntary moratorium on experiments involving recombinant DNA until the potential risks were clear. Just a year later the moratorium was lifted. This teaches one very important lesson: science is a uniquely human endeavor and challenges traditional ideas and values. The aim of this article is to show that there are lessons to be learned from the history of science.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: DOI not available