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Publications - 6374

The impact of the hotel industry on the competitiveness of tourism destinations in Hungary

Albert Tóth Attila

Publication Name: Journal of Competitiveness

Publication Date: 2016-12-01

Volume: 8

Issue: 4

Page Range: 85-104

Description:

This paper focuses on a complex question from the perspective of the hotel industry. It tries to draw attention to the importance of hotels, enhancing it on the basis of the tourism destination competitiveness models and introducing the role and place of the hotel industry in the most important models. The hotel industry research evaluates the most important tourism destinations of Hungary on the micro-regional level that justifies the importance and contribution of the hotels and accommodations to competitiveness and success of tourism destinations with exact results. As a result of the research, the micro-regional destinations can be ranged within three groups in Hungary. In the first group of the most developed and most competitive tourism destinations, the hotel industry plays a very important role. In these regions, the hotel industry has a significant effect not only on competitiveness of tourism but also on general development of the regions. In the second group, which can be still called tourism destination, tourism and the hotel industry both play a significant role, but only the competitiveness of tourism can be considered good, the effects of the tourism on general development of the region can be proved only to a lesser extent. In the third group, the effects of tourism and the hotel industry can only be experienced to a lesser extent. The majority of these regions are not considered to be attractive tourism destinations for tourists any more.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.7441/joc.2016.04.06

Combustion and Emission Analyses of a Diesel Engine Running on Blends with Methanol

Justas Žaglinskis Kristóf Lukács György Szabados Ákos Bereczky

Publication Name: Energy Environment and Sustainability

Publication Date: 2021-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 141-172

Description:

The ambient air around us is continuously and increasingly loaded and polluted through emission that comes from different sectors, especially from the transportation sector. This fact is due to the growing energy consumption in the transport sector which is forecasted worldwide in the nearer and far future. Bio-based energy may be consumed in an increasing way in the sector until 2050. Methanol, and if it is produced on bio-basis, called bio-methanol, is the simplest alcohol. Methanol costs less than other automotive alternative alcohols, for example, ethanol or butanol, so it may be among the cheapest technical alcohols. As for methanol’s structure, it contains 30% more inherent oxygen on a molecular base than fossil diesel. The aim of this research is to give comprehensive overview about the methanol’s effect on the combustion and emission properties of a diesel engine. During the analyses of combustion and emission characteristics the most relevant parameters have been included. The study also contains calculations regarding theoretical combustion (oxidation process) of the different hydrogen-carbons. A rarely investigated parameter, O2 consumption or demand is also in focus, besides CO2 emission and intensity throughout the calculations. For our experimental test series, diesel fuel was the base fuel and it has been mixed with biodiesel first, and this mixture has been further blended with methanol. Methanol’s theoretical contribution to the diesel–biodiesel blend’s O2 consumption and CO2 emission is a small amount. Engine’s external parameters have not changed significantly if it is running on blend with methanol. Methanol has rather affected the combustion and emission properties of the engine more significantly.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-1280-0_6

Automated Assessment of Engine Performance During Dynamometer Testing †

Cs Tóth-Nagy Tamás Koller

Publication Name: Engineering Proceedings

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 79

Issue: 1

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

The ever-increasing number of novel functions in modern vehicles continuously expands with the application of cognitive information technology, creating a new need for testing during market introduction. As the virtual test environment evolves, the need for real tests conducted on the road continuously decreases, saving time and cost while maximizing quality indicators. This article presents a new type of automatic monitoring system created in a fully virtual test environment. The automated assessment during dynamometer testing (ADT) method automatically evaluates the values measured on the engine dynamometer at predefined intervals, compares them to reference data, and provides feedback on the correctness of the current test. The present paper discusses the monitoring methodology and its application on an engine dynamometer, and it presents the results of the method applied during a real engine test.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/engproc2024079028

Analysis of the Relationship Between Discharge Cutoff Voltage and Thermal Behavior in Different Lithium-Ion Cell Types

Szabolcs Kocsis Szurke Illés Lorincz Szabolcs Kocsis Szürke Gellért Ádám Gladics

Publication Name: Applied Sciences Switzerland

Publication Date: 2026-01-01

Volume: 16

Issue: 1

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Optimizing the operating temperature of lithium-ion batteries is critical for safe, reliable, and efficient cell operation. Manufacturers’ recommendations vary in this area, which is primarily determined by the cells’ chemical composition and internal structural characteristics. Most manufacturers define the maximum charging voltage level as the same or close to the same value, but there are significant differences in the lower threshold voltage. Lithium-ion cells exhibit increased internal resistance at lower state-of-charge levels, resulting in elevated heat generation during operation, with intensity proportional to the depth of discharge. However, using a too low voltage threshold causes a significant loss of usable capacity, which reduces the cell’s energy utilization. The present research aims to define and analyze the optimal value of the lower voltage threshold more precisely, considering both thermal development and usable capacity aspects. A further objective is to determine an optimal energy safety margin level that provides a suitable compromise for longer-term storage. Different 18650 and 21700 standard lithium-ion cell types were tested using various load profiles. The results show that the two cell formats have different electro-thermal behaviors. The 21700 cells show a clear increase in thermal efficiency at around 3.1 V. In contrast, the 18650 cells have a heating pattern that depends heavily on the load. This requires selecting a cutoff that adapts to the discharge rate to prevent excessive thermal stress. These findings indicate that a fixed lower threshold voltage for all cells is not ideal. Instead, we need cutoff strategies that are specific to each cell and can change dynamically. The TER-based evaluation introduced in this work provides a practical framework for defining these adaptive limits. It may improve control in battery management systems in real-world applications.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/app16010079

Analysis Of The Dynamics Of Cashless Payments In Kazakhstan In The Context Of The Covid-19 Pandemic

Laszlo Vasa Anna Kredina Aigul Akparova

Publication Name: Economy Strategy and Practice

Publication Date: 2021-01-01

Volume: 16

Issue: 2

Page Range: 54-61

Description:

The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the development of FinTech and the transition to cashless payments of the population of various countries, including Kazakhstan. For provision of cashless payments there are created platforms which work in NFC & MFS systems, they protected by security protocols (Secure Element (SE)) and allow to store confidential user data. Changes in the business model of banks have led to the emergence of a new format of banking products and services that can be used through smartphones (the main operating systems Android and iOS). The goal of the study is to analyze the dynamics of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the use of cashless payments through national payment systems in Kazakhstan. Based on the goal, a null and an alternative hypothesis were set, of which the second was confirmed in the result. Research methods used to write this article are economic and statistical analysis and synthesis, graphical method, analysis of the series of dynamics. The data for the study was taken from the NBK Statistical Bulletin: data on cashless payments through the Interbank System of Money Transfer (ISMT) and the Interbank Clearing System (ICS) for the period from 2002 to 2020. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the dynamics of the transformation of cashless payments made by using financial technologies has been proved. Recommendations for further improvement of the financial system are given. The development of national payment systems makes it possible to reduce the level of fraud in the financial sector, to increase the speed of cashless transfers and level out transaction errors. Study limitation: only national payment systems ISMT and ICS were used.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.51176/1997-9967-2021-2-54-61

Effect of Waist Strap Reinforcement in Backpacks on Children Gait Parameters During Walking and Running: A Randomized Cross-Over Prospective Study

Yaodong Gu Gusztáv Fekete Yining Xu Li Huang

Publication Name: Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 59

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 538-545

Description:

As academic demands increase, school-aged children and adolescents often carry heavy backpacks, impacting their posture and musculoskeletal health. This study examines how backpack carriage affects children's gait, focusing on the influence of waist strap design. In this study, twelve children underwent biomechanical tests while walking and running with and without backpacks, with weights adjusted based on daily habits. It can be found that waist strap-equipped backpacks significantly increased load response (F = 58.031, P < .001) and pre-swing phases (F = 58.031, P < .001) during both activities. In running, these backpacks also prolonged load response (F = 3.10, P = 0.004) and pre-swing phases (F = 3.10, P = 0.004). The study concludes that waist strap-equipped backpacks alter gait dynamics in children, affecting phases and contact times without impacting symmetry. This underscores the importance of waist straps in enhancing stability and reducing fatigue during backpack carriage.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3233/ATDE240591

CHANGES IN HOUSEHOLD INCOME AFTER POLAND'S ACCESSION TO THE EUROPEAN UNION

Barbara Chmielewska Sándor Remsei Łukasz Chmielewski

Publication Name: Economics and Sociology

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 17

Issue: 4

Page Range: 295-314

Description:

Income is crucial to meeting life's needs. Changes in its size and structure are fundamental determinants of living standards in the countryside. The article presents an analysis of the economic situation of inhabitants of rural areas during the period of Poland's integration with the European Union (years 2002-2022 or 2004-2022). The main indicators are the level, structure and relations of income. Households of basic socio-economic groups and by place of residence (rural and urban) were compared. The study showed convergence of the standard of living of rural and urban inhabitants and of farmers and other groups of households. Convergence was primarily the result of a higher dynamics of income growth of rural in-habitants than of urban inhabitants and farmers compared to other groups of households. This was mainly the result of significant financial support directed to rural areas and farmers, among others, within the framework of the common agricultural policy. The 20th anniversary of Poland's accession to the European Union is an opportunity to sum up and assess how Poland's membership in the EU has affected the standard and quality of life of the Polish population, especially the inhabitants of rural areas.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.14254/2071-789X.2024/17-4/16

Hungarian migrant communities decoupling from the old country in the United States -s

Balázs Pálvölgyi

Publication Name: Diasporas

Publication Date: 2018-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: 31

Page Range: 51-64

Description:

No description provided

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.4000/diasporas.1113

Enhancing Stormwater Management in Érd, Hungary, through Nature-Based Solutions for Sustainability and Resilience

Katalin Bene Attila Kálmán Gergely Ámon Csaba Szél

Publication Name: Chemical Engineering Transactions

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 114

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 1027-1032

Description:

Traditionally, stormwater management strategies were designed to evacuate water swiftly and efficiently to mitigate flood risks. However, water conservation has become a crucial concern with growing environmental awareness, raising damage costs due to climate change and sustainability goals. Urban stormwater capture and utilization are essential for maintaining soil moisture levels, irrigating green spaces, reducing urban heat islands, supporting diverse wildlife, fostering ecological balance, and improving living conditions. This study focuses on a dynamically growing Hungarian city, Érd, with rapidly changing land use and utilizes the numerical Storm Water Management Model to simulate various water resources management scenarios. The simulations revealed multiple vulnerabilities in the channel network, leading to a comprehensive reevaluation and redesign. This redesign integrates nature-based solutions, enhancing the system's effectiveness and climate resilience with limited territorial possibilities. By comparing various design approaches, this research demonstrates that incorporating nature-based infrastructure at residential and subwatershed levels substantially improves flood mitigation and increases precipitation retention capabilities, making traditional infrastructure developments unnecessary. The findings underscore the need for innovative, adaptive infrastructure solutions. Implementing nature-based solutions mitigates flooding and contributes to resilient, sustainable urban water management systems that are better prepared to handle the challenges of a changing climate. This study underscores the critical importance of innovative infrastructure solutions and the positive benefits of nature-based solutions in fostering resilient and climate-adaptive urban water management systems in cities with small open spaces, rapid population growth, and scarce financial resources.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3303/CET24114172