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Publications - 6515

Evaluating the effect of a brewery by-product as feed supplementation on the quality of eggs by means of a human panel and e-tongue and e-nose analysis

Tamás Tóth Éva Csavajda Márta Üveges George Bázár Iuliana Diana Barbulescu Mihaela Begea Zoltan Kovacs Hajnalka Hingyi Zoltán Gillay Juan Pablo Aguinaga Bósquez Csaba Palkó Zsuzsanna Jókainé Szatura

Publication Name: Chemosensors

Publication Date: 2021-08-01

Volume: 9

Issue: 8

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

The objective of our research was to evaluate the possible alteration of the organoleptic properties of eggs produced by hens (Lohmann Brown-Classic) fed with diets containing different doses of an industrial by-product enriched with organic zinc (Zincoppyeast, ZP): Control 0%, ZP 2.5%, and ZP 5.0%. Eggs were collected after 30 days (batch 1) and 60 days (batch 2) of feeding with the experimental diets and subjected to chemical, microbiological, human sensory, e-nose, and e-tongue analyses. There was no significant difference among the microbiological status of eggs of the three groups, but there were significant differences (p < 0.05) in the fat (9.5% vs. 9.3%) and protein contents (12.7% vs. 13.4%) of the Control and ZP 5.0% groups, respectively. Human sensory analysis showed no clear change in the organoleptic characteristics of the eggs. Using linear discriminant analysis (LDA), the e-tongue could recognize the three groups of eggs in batch 1 and batch 2 with 95.9% and 100% accuracy and had a prediction accuracy of 64.8% and 56.2%, respectively. When the eggs were incubating at 50 °C or 80 °C before the e-nose analysis, the groups of eggs could be recognized with 98.0% and 82.7% accuracy, and predicted with 68.5% and 62.2% accuracy, respectively, using principal component analysis-based discriminant analysis (PCA–DA). The aroma compounds and respective sensory descriptors showing changes among the different groups of eggs (batch, storage, and feeding) were identified based on the e-nose analysis. The sup-plementation of laying hens’ feed with the investigated industrial by-product can be applied without any substantial effect on egg quality, which can, however, be detected with advanced analytical methods.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9080213

Climate change reshapes agricultural game: Canada’s gains, Brazil’s losses, and the U.S. Dilemma

Jeffrey Yi Lin Forrest Botond Géza Kálmán József Kárpáti

Publication Name: Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems

Publication Date: 2026-01-01

Volume: 9

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

The aim of the study is to examine three countries in the Americas with different economic and climatic conditions—Canada, Brazil and the United States. It focuses on the strategic decisions that countries make in the field of agricultural land use and export policies in response to climate change. The research uses a dynamic game theory model that takes into account changes in cropland, export potential and costs arising from environmental and geopolitical risks. Cluster analysis also helped to interpret the results. Based on this, three main strategic patterns can be identified: protective (self-protective), cooperative (cooperative) and non-cooperative (expansive) behavior. Based on the results, cooperation is rare and unstable, and a defensive, protective strategy dominates. Of the three countries, Canada’s situation is the most sustainable, while Brazil is in a losing position in the long run. The study highlights that the consequences of climate change are not only differentiated at the natural but also at the strategic level, and that a thoughtful international redesign of incentives is essential to foster cooperation.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2025.1709757

Computer tomography based reconstruction of metal matrix syntactic foams

Ibolya Zsoldos Sz Papp István Kozma G. Dorogi

Publication Name: Periodica Polytechnica Mechanical Engineering

Publication Date: 2014-01-01

Volume: 58

Issue: 2

Page Range: 87-91

Description:

In order to create 3D (three-dimensional) models for finite element calculations it is necessary to reconstruct the structure of metal foam composites reinforced by hollow ceramic spheres. A new algorithm was developed for this reconstruction work. This algorithm is based on the investigation of sphericity of the shapes found on CT (computer tomograph) layer records. Using this algorithm a 3D CAD (computer aided design) model of acceptable precision can be constructed.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3311/PPme.7337

Analysis of composite bridge deck considering the effects of concrete cracking

Rajmund Kuti Mohammed El Mehdi Bichikhi M. Brinissat

Publication Name: Pollack Periodica

Publication Date: 2022-12-31

Volume: 17

Issue: 3

Page Range: 53-58

Description:

Cracking in composite steel-concrete bridge decks is a common problem in civil engineering. Before, or shortly after, the bridge is subjected to live loads; various levels of cracking can appear, mostly due to plastic shrinkage and temperature effects. This paper presents an investigation of the behavior of cracked concrete in a composite deck slab of a railway bridge supported by steel girders using the finite element method. Eurocode 4-2 proposes a few simplified methods for calculating shrinkage and cracking effects in concrete. Through the proposed methods of analysis, an analytical simulation of a continuous composite steel-concrete bridge deck is performed and some practical recommendations for analyzing beam girders of this type are given.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1556/606.2022.00573

Thermo-exergo-enviro-economic, sustainability and life cycle conversion efficiency analysis of nanofluid enhanced solar still

Gusztáv Fekete Rajesh Prasad Verma Meizi Wang Lalit Ranakoti Akashdeep Negi Tej Singh

Publication Name: Results in Engineering

Publication Date: 2026-06-01

Volume: 30

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Freshwater scarcity continues to intensify the need for low-cost, sustainable desalination technologies. Passive solar stills offer a simple, renewable solution, but their practical use is limited by low productivity due to weak heat transfer in the basin water. This study experimentally investigates the use of an Al2O3-CuO hybrid nanofluid to improve the performance of a conventional single-slope solar still. Four systems were fabricated and tested: a conventional solar still without a hybrid nanofluid (SS1), and three modified solar stills containing 0.1 wt.% (SS2), 0.2 wt.% (SS3), and 0.3 wt.% (SS4) Al2O3-CuO hybrid nanofluid in the basin water. The systems were evaluated in terms of distillate yield, heat-transfer behavior, energy, exergy, economic, environmental, exergo-economic, enviro-economic, life-cycle conversion efficiency (LCCE), and sustainability performance. The results indicate that SS4 achieved the highest thermal efficiency of 48.1%, followed by SS3 (44.1%), SS2 (41.9%), and SS1 (38%). Similarly, exergy efficiency improved across the configurations, with values of 6.23% for SS1, 7.8% for SS2, 7.93% for SS3, and 8.1% for SS4. Over its lifetime, configuration SS4 demonstrated 28% greater CO2 mitigation than the SS1 system, along with a minimum energy payback time of 1.34 years (energy basis) and 16.1 years (exergy basis). SS4 also showed the highest lifetime CO2 mitigation of 8.872 tons, a carbon credit gain of 120.28 $, an energy-based life-cycle conversion efficiency of 9.24%, and a sustainability index improvement of 2.6% compared with SS1. Overall, the results indicate that 0.3 wt.% Al2O3-CuO hybrid nanofluid is the best-performing concentration within the tested range and can significantly improve the thermodynamic, economic, environmental, and sustainability performance of passive solar stills.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2026.111260

Effects of a Probiotic Supplement on the Quantity of Some Bacterial Communities in Fecal Samples of Lactating Sows

Tamás Tóth Viktor J. Vojnich Károly Tempfli Klaudia Szalai Erika Lencsés-Varga Sárvári Loretta Csilla Botond Alpár

Publication Name: Chemical Engineering Transactions

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 114

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 949-954

Description:

Complex adaptation strategies concerning nutrition, housing technology, and veterinary treatment are required to maintain current production levels under increasingly stringent regulations on the preventive application of antibiotics. The reduced application of antibiotics is recommended for the sustainability of industrial pig production. Probiotic supplementation may contribute to improved sow and piglet health, mitigating the need for antibiotics. The effects of probiotic supplementation on sow performance and the quantity of fecal bacterial communities in lactating sows were investigated. Experimental sows received probiotic supplementation (n=10) and were compared to control sows (n=10). Fecal samples were collected from 20 sows in the second week of lactation. The quantitative measurement of total bacteria, Prevotella genus, Lactobacillus spp., and Bifidobacterium spp. was done by qPCR. Differences in backfat thickness (BFT), BFT loss, and feed intake of control and experimental sows were not significant (p>0.05). The amount of total bacteria, Prevotella, and Lactobacillus spp. was lower (p<0.05) in the fecal samples of experimental sows. The Prevotella percentage in total bacteria decreased, whereas Bifidobacterium spp. the ratio increased in experimental supplemented sows. Overall, probiotic supplementation resulted in notable alterations regarding some of the analyzed bacterial communities.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3303/CET24114159

Characterisation of hardening performance of quenchants by integrated numerical method

Imre Felde Tamás Réti

Publication Name: International Heat Treatment and Surface Engineering

Publication Date: 2008-06-01

Volume: 2

Issue: 2

Page Range: 55-59

Description:

An integrated numerical technique for evaluation of hardening performance of cooling media applied for steel quenching is outlined. The newly developed method is based on the specific processing of measured time-temperature samples performed as a result of cooling curve tests. The heat transfer coefficient as a function of surface temperature characterises the heat transfer during cooling and is calculated using an iterative inverse algorithm. The heat transfer coefficient is used for calculation of the microstructural constituents and the hardness profile of cylindrical samples of arbitrary diameter. The hardening performance of media is evaluated by the estimated hardness of specimens obtained by heat treatment. © 2008 IHTSE Partnership.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1179/174951508X318404

Investigation of confinement effect by using the multi-level shear box test

J. Klompmaker Ferenc Horvát

Publication Name: 10th International Conference on Geosynthetics Icg 2014

Publication Date: 2014-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

The stabilisation and reinforcement of crushed stone aggregate in infrastructural applications using geogrid reinforcement is based on the phenomenon called the "interlocking effect". Through shear interaction of the aggregate with the geogrid, the aggregate is laterally restrained and tensile forces are transmitted from the aggregate to the geogrid. This interaction helps reducing lateral movement of the aggregate and optimises road/track performance. It is well known that this strengthening effect depends on several influencing factors. It is still difficult to quantify the true reinforcement efficiency with regard to the limit of the lateral restraint effect (or confining resistance) over the depth of the aggregate layer being placed on top of the geogrid. To be able to quantify the confining resistance efficiency of geogrids over the depth of the installed aggregate layer a laboratory test was developed (Multi-level shear box test) which allows measuring the shear resistance as a function of the distance from the geogrid layer (in vertical direction). This paper will describe the methodology of the so called "Multi-level shear box test" as well as the results of the confinement efficiency of different type geogrids in combination with railway ballast.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: DOI not available

Time optimal control of four-in-wheel-motors driven electric cars

Gyorgy Max Bela Lantos

Publication Name: Periodica Polytechnica Electrical Engineering and Computer Science

Publication Date: 2014-01-01

Volume: 58

Issue: 4

Page Range: 149-159

Description:

The paper deals with the time optimal control of automatically driven electric cars in a test path under state and input constraints. The problem can be formulated as a dynamic nonlinear optimal control problem (DNOCP). The resulting DNOCP is solved by reformulating it to a static nonlinear program (NLP) using time discretization and direct multiple shooting methods. A novel method is presented to convert the optimal solution obtained using the single-track model to the optimal control of four-in-wheels-motors driven (4WD) cars. The conversion assures similar motion of the COG of both models and optimal distribution of the longitudinal wheel forces. A discrete model predictive control (MPC) is proposed for the linearized 4WD vehicle model under perturbations which uses the distributed wheel forces and optimizes the perturbations with analytically solvable end constraints. The elaborated method can form the basis to generate an offline database of a general collision avoidance system (CAS).

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3311/PPee.7806