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Publications - 6674

The revenue diversification of top-tier higher education institutions

Zsolt Kohus Eszter Lukács Bálint Filep Sarolta Horváthné Szabó

Publication Name: Journal of International Studies

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 18

Issue: 4

Page Range: 86-106

Description:

This study examines the revenue diversification of the Top 30 higher education institutions (HEIs) as identified in the 2025 Times Higher Education and QS World University Rankings. Faced with declining government appropriations, HEIs are strategically diversifying revenue streams. Our analysis of financial reports reveals substantial variability in revenue sources, with some institutions primarily relying on research grants, tuition, and government funding. In contrast, others prioritize income from endowments, services, or medical activities. While funding optimization strategies may prioritize single revenue sources for short-term convenience, our findings suggest they risk institutional fragility, highlighting the need for sustainable financial models that balance research productivity, teaching quality, and public service over the long term. This article emphasizes the vital importance of financial autonomy, which enables institutions to invest strategically in recruiting top academic and research staff, upgrading research infrastructure, and enhancing an institution’s overall performance. While strategic autonomy empowers institutions to achieve excellence and adapt flexibly to evolving societal needs, they must remain true to their core mission of public service as they diversify and optimize revenue sources.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.14254/2071-8330.2025/18-4/5

Plausible quantum-mechanical interpretations of RHEED oscillation

Ákos Nemcsics Szilvia Nagy

Publication Name: Vacuum

Publication Date: 2012-01-27

Volume: 86

Issue: 6

Page Range: 620-622

Description:

In this paper the oscillations of reflection high-energy electron diffraction is investigated on the basis of the electron complementarity principle and quantum entanglement. The intensity oscillations during the growth process can be explained by the change of the surface morphology, which is caused by the changing of the experimental conditions. The experimental conditions affect both the description of the interaction on the surface and the behavior of the electrons as quantum mechanical entities, i.e., if their particle-like or wave-like properties dominate. The interpretation of these phenomena can be made plausible with the help of the idea of quantum entanglement. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2011.07.020

Synthesis of N-best Heat Recovery Networks with Consideration of Dynamic Control Performance

Hao Yeh Lee Ákos Orosz Bing Shen How Zong Yang Kong Tiffany Ang Ferenc Friedler

Publication Name: Chemical Engineering Transactions

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 114

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 73-78

Description:

Recently, graph-theoretic methods have increasingly been employed to generate near-best (n-best) heat recovery networks, aiming to maximize energy recovery efficiency. The exploration of these n-best networks has proven pivotal for making informed decisions. Nevertheless, existing studies in this domain have not attempted to study the favourability of these generated networks based on their respective dynamic control performance. This performance metric reflects the network's ability to maintain target temperature even under disturbances. The network topologies play important role in both economic (i.e., total annual cost (TAC)) and dynamic control aspects. To address this gap, this work introduces a hybrid approach. First, all combinatorically feasible heat recovery networks are generated using P-HENS. Thereafter, each network undergoes dynamic control performance evaluation through Aspen Plus simulations. The final step involves optimization of the network structures based on fuzzy method which avoids over-prioritization. To illustrate the efficacy of the proposed methodology, it is applied to solve a 5-stream problem. Results showed that Network A with the least TAC ($122,249) is not necessarily associated with the greatest dynamic performance (with failure rate of 15 %). Network C which offers the balance performance (with TAC of $122,666 and failure rate of 0 %) is chosen.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3303/CET24114013

Solution of the convex programming problem via second order differential equation system

Tamás Hajba M. Kovács

Publication Name: Miskolc Mathematical Notes

Publication Date: 2012-01-01

Volume: 13

Issue: 1

Page Range: 23-37

Description:

In this paper we investigate a family of second order differential equations which can be considered as the continuous versions of the Fletcher-Reeves iteration for minimization applied to a regularized and penalized convex programming problem. We show that synchronizing the parameter functions of the differential equation the stationary limit point of the trajectories is the minimal norm solution of the given convex programming problem. © 2012 Miskolc University Press.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.18514/mmn.2012.327

THE EXPANSION OF E-GOVERNMENT IN THE MODERN WORLD - WITH SPECIAL REGARD TO THE EMERGENCE OF ESG CONSIDERATIONS

Nikolett Anna Nagy

Publication Name: 19th Iadis International Conference Information Systems 2026 and 24th International Conference on E Society is Es 2026

Publication Date: 2026-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 624-627

Description:

The issue I will raise at the Doctoral Consortium is the examination of e-government and sustainable public administration from a legal perspective. I have identified as a research problem the lack of an exact set of criteria that could be used to uniformly measure the digitization and modernization of public administration, and at the same time to monitor its sustainability and environmental quality. My goal is to demonstrate that a framework derived from ESG (environmental, social, governance) reporting obligations, which can be used as a 'rating system' in e-government, is suitable for this purpose. This system is also used in the private sector to ensure that companies pay special attention to the proper management of their natural and social capital in their operations. I chose content analysis, legal analysis, and historical/comparative analysis as my research methods because these methods are non-intrusive, endlessly verifiable, and traceable. My work contributes to the development of e-government by identifying typical ESG elements in existing legislation and identifying them as qualifying factors for use in e-government.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: DOI not available

The Use of Earth Observation Data for Railway Infrastructure Monitoring—A Review

Danijela Ristic-Durrant Szabolcs Fischer Milan Banić Milan Trifunovic Milos Madic Milos Simonovic Alina Klapper

Publication Name: Infrastructures

Publication Date: 2025-03-01

Volume: 10

Issue: 3

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Satellite data have the potential to significantly enhance railway operations and drive the digitization of the rail sector. In the context of railways, satellite data primarily refers to the use of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data for applications such as navigation, positioning, and signalling. However, remote sensing data from Earth Observation (EO) satellites remain comparatively underutilized in railway applications. While the use of GNSS data in railways is well documented in the literature, research on EO-based remote sensing methods remains relatively limited. This paper aims to bridge this gap as it presents a comprehensive review of the use of satellite data in railway applications, with a particular focus on the underexplored potential of EO data. It provides the first in-depth analysis of EO techniques, primarily examining the use of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and optical satellite data for key applications for infrastructure managers and railway operators, such as assessing track stability, detecting deformations, and monitoring surrounding environmental conditions. The goal of this review is to explore the diverse range of EO-based applications in railways and to identify emerging trends, including the integration of thermal EO data and the novel use of SAR for dynamic and predictive analyses. By synthesizing existing research and addressing knowledge gaps, the presented review underscores the potential of EO data to transform railway infrastructure management. Enhanced spatial resolution, frequent revisit cycles, and advanced AI-driven analytics are highlighted as key enablers for safer, more reliable, and cost-effective solutions. This review provides a framework for leveraging EO data to drive innovation and improve railway monitoring practices.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/infrastructures10030066

Psychology at digital speed: A systematic review of how rapid online interaction alters cognitive and affective processes

Abdul Bashiru Jibril Rashmi Ranjan Panigrahi Md Billal Hossain Subhodeep Mukherjee Shyamasundar Tripathy Abdul Bashiru Jibril

Publication Name: Acta Psychologica

Publication Date: 2026-09-01

Volume: 269

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Online communication has become rapid as a key feature of digital life today, creating spaces of constant connectedness, instant feedback, and increasing time pressure. While earlier studies have considered connected concepts like technostress, information overload, multitasking, and digital fatigue, little attention has been given to digital speed as a specific temporal feature of online environments. This systematic review integrates available evidence on accelerated digital interaction and its association specifically with cognitive and affective processes. Further, it proposes a framework to integrate this. A systematic search of Scopus, PsycINFO, and PubMed was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines, resulting in the identification of 311 records, of which 43 peer-reviewed studies met the inclusion criteria. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was used to assess quality. The findings suggest that as the speed of digital environments increases, so too do cognitive load, attentional fragmentation, self-regulatory depletion, emotional reactivity, technostress, and emotional exhaustion. At the same time, the data suggest that quicker engagement in the virtual surroundings causes a quicker flow of information and faster response to contexts in life-critical situations. This review sets forth the Cognitive–Affective Acceleration Framework, which is based on Cognitive Load Theory, Attentional Control Theory, and other theories. The digital speed refers to the time gained first on the psyche yield by positive connect and afferent. The analysis contributes to the digital psychology literature by clarifying the definitions of digital speed while also suggesting critical avenues for future research.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2026.107536

Creep behaviour of day-old chicken corrugated paperboard packaging under different uniaxial compression loads—An experimental study

Péter Böröcz Renáta Pidl Lajos Fehér

Publication Name: Packaging Technology and Science

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 37

Issue: 1

Page Range: 51-63

Description:

One of the most important elements for animal transportation is the packaging that ensures the safety and health of the transit. During the transport of live small animals, such as day-old chickens, the animals may only stay in the boxes for a very limited period, in this case, 48 h. Therefore, it is important to be able to model the strength behaviour of these boxes concerning packaging material requirements and sustainability. The aim of this study was to determine the short- and relatively long-term strength of day-old chicken packages to better estimate packaging design and to use these data to establish an analytical creep model with suitable parameters that adequately approximate the measured data. Two types of packages were tested, and two types of creep models were used to model the creep strain-time graphs. The creep behaviour of the two samples was tested at four different uniaxial load cases, with consistent environmental conditions during the tests (23°C and 50% relative humidity [RH]). At the two highest loads, both samples failed before the 48-h cycle, indicating a significant difference in box strength between short-term and long-term load tests. The secondary creep strain rate increases with the magnitude of the compressive load. When comparing the two creep models for both box types, the Power law provided the best accuracy at the 50% of box compression test (BCT) load case, while at the other three load cases, the Andrade law showed better predictions.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1002/pts.2780

What diseases and risks cause health losses in Hungary?

Virág Horváth József Vitrai

Publication Name: Orvosi Hetilap

Publication Date: 2026-02-01

Volume: 167

Issue: 6

Page Range: 232-242

Description:

Introduction: Using Global Burden of Disease 2023 data, this study examines the structure of health losses in Hungary, focusing on diseases, risk factors, and international comparisons. Objective: To identify which diseases and risk factors contribute most to Hungary’s health burden, how these relate to disability and premature mortality, and how patterns differ by gender and in comparison, with Central European countries. Method: Age-standardized values per 100,000 inhabitants, broken down by gender and disease/risk category, were analyzed for Hungary and compared with Austria, the Czech Republic, Poland, and Slovakia. Results: Cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and musculoskeletal disorders caused the largest losses. High blood pressure was the leading risk factor. Premature mortality was substantially higher in Hungary; men showed especially elevated levels due to smoking, diet, and hypertension. Morbidity-related losses were dominated by musculoskeletal and mental disorders. Discussion: Hungary’s burden stems not only from mortality but also from chronic disabling conditions. The mortality component is particularly unfavourable in international comparison. Conclusion: Improving treatment quality, timely care, and early diagnosis is essential, while reducing morbidity requires stronger long-term care and rehabilitation. Effective policy should complement lifestyle-focused prevention with better access to high-quality curative care and gender-responsive interventions. Consistent use of objective burden-of-disease data can support decision-making. A systemic approach – combining prevention, supportive environments, and a strengthened healthcare system – is needed to reduce health losses in Hungary. Orv Hetil. 2026; 167(6): 232–242.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1556/650.2026.33481