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Publications - 6674

Military-Legal Foundations of Maintaining an Empire. The Development of Hungary’s Defence System in the Austro-Hungarian Empire

Ádám Farkas Bence Krizsán

Publication Name: Journal on European History of Law

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 16

Issue: 2

Page Range: 101-109

Description:

This study hypothesizes the gradual emergence of a defence and security constitution within the broader constitutional and state-building processes of the Hungarian part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. While the 1867 Compromise established a dualist constitutional framework for political governance, it also triggered a parallel institutional and legal evolution in the field of state defence and security. The evolution of this defence and security constitution and the modernization of Hungary’s defence system - beyond their historical significance - might offer a valuable framework for addressing today’s security challenges. The research draws on primary sources, including legal texts and historical documents, as well as secondary literature and employs a historical-legal approach, analyzing the development of Hungary’s defence institutions and their constitutional framework.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: DOI not available

Iterative Feedback Tuning of Anti-Windup PI Fuzzy Control of Tower Crane System Payload Position

Claudiu Radu Pozna Radu Emil PRECUP Miruna Maria Damian Raul Cristian ROMAN

Publication Name: IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

This paper proposes the data-driven tuning of low-cost Proportional-Integral (PI) fuzzy control of the payload position of tower crane systems using Iterative Feedback Tuning (IFT). A back-calculation and tracking anti-windup diagram is included to prohibit integrator windup and compensate for the process's dead-zone and saturation nonlinearity. A two-stage tuning strategy is proposed. In the first stage, the parameters of the fuzzy logic part of the PI fuzzy controller and the anti-windup tracking gain are optimally tuned in a model-based manner using an original version of the hybrid Particle Filter-Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm, improved by adding an information feedback model. In the second stage, the parameters of the linear part of the PI fuzzy controller are tuned in a data-driven manner using IFT, and then mapped to the remaining PI fuzzy controller parameters using the modal equivalence principle. The efficacy of the new data-driven fuzzy control strategy is demonstrated through experimental results, and the comparison shows the performance improvement over other strategies designed using competing optimization algorithms.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1109/FUZZ62266.2025.11152023

Aerodynamic Behavior of Hump Slab Track in Desert Railways: A Case Study in Shuregaz, Iran

Fereidoon Moghadas Nejad Masoud Fathali R. M. Movahedi Jafar Chalabii Mohammad Mohsen Kabiri Nasrabad

Publication Name: Buildings

Publication Date: 2024-08-01

Volume: 14

Issue: 8

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

The development of rail transport necessitates expanding environmentally friendly infrastructure. However, specific challenges arise in desert and sandy regions. One innovative solution to manage the effects of windblown sand on desert railways is the use of hump slab track superstructure. This paper develops a solid–fluid aerodynamic model based on ANSYS Fluent 2021 R2 software to simulate the hump slab track during a sandstorm. The model is validated through wind tunnel testing. A case study of a railway sandstorm in the Shuregaz region of Iran is presented, evaluating various sandstorm parameters and hump heights to determine their impact on sand concentration and particle velocity within the sand transit channels. The results indicate that increasing the sand particle diameter (from 150 to 250 µm) leads to higher sand concentration (up to 40%) and lower sand movement velocity (up to 28%). These results have been observed with a higher incremental approach concerning the sand flow rate. Conversely, increasing sandstorm velocity (from 10 to 30 m/s) decreases sand concentration and increases sand movement velocity up to 80% and 150%, respectively. Additionally, a 25 cm hump height significantly enhances sand passage by creating larger channels.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/buildings14082473

Straw mulching optimized the root and canopy structure of soybean by reducing the topsoil temperature before blooming period

Cunxiang Wu Simon Willcock Viktoria Vona Robert Dunn Wenwen Song Qirui Li Cailong Xu A. Vér Ruidong Li Zongsheng Wu Jianxin Hua Yifan Xu Yupeng Zhu Qirui Li Yifan Xu

Publication Name: Field Crops Research

Publication Date: 2025-11-01

Volume: 333

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Context: The soybean seed yield in the Huang-Huai-Hai (HHH) region is challenged by high temperatures before blooming. Straw mulching can act to reduce topsoil temperature. However, little is known about whether changes in topsoil temperature contribute to the optimization of soybean root and canopy structure and, ultimately, yield. Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of straw mulching on soybean topsoil temperature, root growth, and canopy structure in the HHH region, China. Methods: A randomized block design was adopted (2020–2023) in the field, including three straw treatments: straw removing (SR), straw mulching (SM), and straw crushing (SC). Topsoil temperature, root morphology, leaf area index (LAI), light transmittance, canopy photosynthesis, dry matter accumulation, and seed yield of soybean under different treatments were measured. Furthermore, the test results were validated by pot experiment (LT: topsoil cooling, CT: topsoil non-cooling) in 2024. Results: Before soybean blooming, the highest topsoil temperature was 28.47℃ in SR, followed by 27.47℃ in SC and 26.95℃ in SM. Compared to SR and SC, the root length, root surface area, root volume and root dry weight of SM increased by an average of 26.04 %, 27.79 %, 29.13 % and 38.82 %, respectively. Soybean root dry matter weight was significantly positively correlated (P < 0.01) with the LAI and above-ground dry matter accumulation. Compared to SR and SC, Fv/Fm, Y(II), and ETR under SM treatment increased by 8.38 %, 7.94 %, and 7.73 %, respectively. Y(II) of the LT treatment was also significantly (P < 0.05) increased by 17.53 % compared to CT. Among the three treatments, soybean canopy photosynthetic rate and seed yield under SM treatment were, on average, significantly increased by 9.97 %, and 11.87 %, respectively. Furthermore, we identified the LAI characteristics of high-yield soybean canopy: 2.22 0.62 in the lower layer. Conclusion and implications: These findings imply that regulating topsoil temperature through straw mulching optimizes root and canopy development, improving soybean yield. This study provides insights into mitigating heat stress and enhancing sustainable soybean production in warm climates.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110067

A Novel Coenergy Based Torque Calculation Method for the Reluctance Motor Drives of Electric Vehicles

István Szászi Tibor Vajsz Csongor Horváth Richárd Csaba Kovács Vilmos Paiss István Szászi

Publication Name: Proceedings 2025 IEEE 7th Global Power Energy and Communication Conference Gpecom 2025

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 210-215

Description:

Nowadays, the field of electric mobility is experiencing a rapid evolution. The need for more competitive electric vehicles is affecting the field of electric motor drive systems as well, placing the alternative types of electric motors into the center of research attention. The reluctance motors are one of these alternative motor types, but their highly nonlinear characteristics place a significant burden to their application. The stator inductances are varying in the function of the stator currents, and also in the function of the rotor position due to the magnetically asymmetric rotor structure. This means that the traditional calculation methods for the electromagnetic torque of the machine yield in inaccurate results. Therefore, this paper presents a novel, generalized coenergy-based torque calculation method, which eliminates a significant constraint of the traditional magnetic energy- and coenergy-based torque calculation methods, and considers the highly nonlinear behavior of the machine as well.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1109/GPECOM65896.2025.11061976

Comparative study of plasma, laser, and flame induced activation of HDPE liner surfaces of type 4 hydrogen vessels

Attila Bata Péter Kovács Erika Varga Ferenc Palásti

Publication Name: Journal of Adhesion

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 101

Issue: 7

Page Range: 909-929

Description:

In our study, we compare the surface modifications of coarse HDPE surface induced by atmospheric air plasma, CO2 laser, and flame treatments. An order of WCA decrease of air plasma>flame>CO2 laser methods was detected. The improvement in adhesion strength measured 5 days after the activations followed the same trend. FT-IR and EDS proved that different oxygen compounds were formed after treatments, resulting in increased polar component of the total surface energy. Flame activation showed a saturation character regarding the O-moiety. Hydrophobic recovery showed a linear behavior, with a larger decreasing slope for the polar component than the total surface energy. Plasma treatments induced higher recovery rate; however, restore was not complete here either. The effects of the different CO2 irradiation intensities were nonlinear; SEM and roughness measurements revealed surface ablation or structure formation on the different samples, while after plasma and flame treatment a hilly microtexture appeared. With different mechanisms and intensities, all the tested methods are suitable for increasing the adhesion strength on HDPE surfaces.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1080/00218464.2024.2406813

Water Use Efficiency and Productivity of Irrigated Rice Cultivation in Nigeria: An Application of the Stochastic Frontier Approach

Khalid Mushtaq Laszlo Vasa Magdalena Radulescu Asghar Ali Sajjad Ahmad Baig Piotr Prus Abdulazeez Hudu Wudil Muhammad Usman

Publication Name: Sustainability Switzerland

Publication Date: 2023-05-01

Volume: 15

Issue: 10

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

In the face of declining water resources and low agricultural water productivity, it is vital to increase agricultural production efficiency and efficiency of water usage. The efficacy of irrigating rice fields in Nigeria is evaluated here using a stochastic frontier analysis. This is a parametric frontier that is assumed to have half-normal distribution, allowing the model to be separated from normal errors in a composite error model. Samples of 382 surveys were used in the study; out of the total number, 361 surveys were retrieved and used for the analysis. The analytical tools used in the study are: gross margin, water productivity analysis, and stochastic frontier approach. The results indicate an average yield of 4.69 and 4.94 tons/hectare, and net farm income of $415 and $364 for the farmers using canal irrigation and farmers using tube wells, respectively. The results also showed physical and economic water productivity of 0.51 kg/m3 and $0.11/m3 for canal water users, and 0.568 kg/m3 and $0.10/m3 for tube well users. The canal water users had a mean irrigation water use efficiency of 0.76, compared to 0.70 for the tube well users. The study recommends that effective extension services and their coverage be enhanced to provide adequate training to rice farmers on water use efficiency and the transfer of innovations and farming technologies to farmers.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/su15107824

Effect of some myostatin (MSTN) variants on live weight and beef traits measured by ultrasound in Charolais candidate breeding bulls

Márton Török Szabolcs Bene Gabriella Holló Károly Tempfli Edit Mikó Tamás Csürhés Ferenc Szabó

Publication Name: Journal of Applied Animal Research

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 53

Issue: 1

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

This study investigated the relationship between some ultrasound measurements, live weight data, and five (F94L, nt267, nt324, nt414 and Q204X) myostatin (MSTN) variants associated with beef production in Charolais cattle. A total of 390 Charolais candidate breeding bulls were weighed at birth (BIW) as well as 205 (CWW) and 400 days (FDW) of age, and ultrasonically measured for ribeye area (REA), fat thickness at rump (FRU), fat thickness at ribeye (FRI) and marbling of the ribeye (MAR) at 400 days of age. The frequency of allele C and A were high in the studied population. The F94L had a significant effect on the FRU and FRI, whereas REA significant differed between homozygous and heterozygous animals on SNP at nt267. MAR of non-mutant animals were significantly (by 04.−05 points) lower than those heterozygous for the F94L. FRI tended to be higher (0.51–0.57 cm) for mutations together nt267 and nt414, or for F94L, nt414 and nt324, but lower (0.47–0.49 cm) for nt267 and nt414 mutations. The results indicating F94L could be use in QTL selection for improving beef quality. The polygenetic effect of different MSTN mutations, as well as the effect of MSTN deficiency, would be worth investigating in the future.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2025.2452470

UNDERSTANDING AND ACCEPTANCE OF SYSTEMS ENGINEERING IN AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT

Daniel Feszty Tibor Dőry Bálint Filep Tamás Kolossváry

Publication Name: Decision Making Applications in Management and Engineering

Publication Date: 2023-04-01

Volume: 6

Issue: 1

Page Range: 70-91

Description:

Systems Engineering (SE) is a new engineering method for many firms in Automotive Product Development that expectedly advances their development processes to meet their stakeholder needs more effectively. Literature suggest that understanding and acceptance are key factors in the implementation, however comprehensive modes for their increase are barely discussed. In this paper, we propose a Participatory Action Research based on multiple research elements to find an effective technique for gaining understanding and acceptance on SE in a validated model environment of automotive industry called Formula SAE. We present practical outcomes at each steps of the implementation process and analyze the effect of improvements in the context of strategy, structure processes.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.31181/dmame04012023k