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Found 6674 publications

Positive and Negative Expectations Associated with Coffee and Energy Drinks: Implications for Placebo–Nocebo Research in Sports

Ricardo De La Vega Roberto Ruíz-Barquín Celal Bulgay Ernest Yeboah Acheampong Angéla Somogyi Merve Uca Attila Szabo

Publication Name: Nutrients

Publication Date: 2025-02-01

Volume: 17

Issue: 4

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Background: Nutritional expectations have been shown to influence exercise performance via placebo and nocebo effects. The present study aimed to evaluate performance-enhancement expectations for coffee and energy drinks using the Stanford Expectations of Treatment Scale. Methods: A total of 402 participants (48.5% male) with an average exercise history of 4.53 years, engaging in average physical activity 3.91 times per week, were included in the study. Data collection was conducted through the Qualtrics platform. Results: Participants exhibited significantly higher positive expectations for coffee compared to energy drinks (p = 0.002), whereas negative expectations were more pronounced for energy drinks than for coffee (p < 0.001). Males and individuals engaging in anaerobic exercise expressed more positive expectations for energy drinks than females and those participating in aerobic or mixed exercise regimens. Additionally, high-frequency exercisers (≥4 sessions per week) reported greater positive expectations for both beverages and fewer negative expectations for coffee than low-frequency exercisers (≤3 sessions per week). Correlational analyses revealed weak but significant associations between expectations and variables such as exercise history, frequency, intensity, and age. Conclusions: The findings suggest that coffee is perceived as a more effective performance enhancer and exhibits greater placebo-inducing potential than energy drinks, which may elicit stronger nocebo effects. These group-specific perceptions should be considered by trainers, coaches, and researchers when addressing placebo–nocebo mechanisms in the context of sports and exercise.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/nu17040628

The Phenomenon of Greenwashing: An Analysis of the Hungarian Regulation

Ildikó Ernszt Viktória Kundi

Publication Name: Journal of Sustainability Research

Publication Date: 2024-12-01

Volume: 6

Issue: 4

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

The terms “sustainability”, “green”, “eco”, “eco-conscious” have become important buzzwords: they are fashionable, trendy; they make everything that comes into contact with them more attractive. Not only do a plethora of scientific articles cover the topic hallmarked by the above words, but they have also risen to the throne in the marketing communications of businesses and companies. They are used in many cases, even when the given product or service has either nothing to do with or only tangentially has a connection with the green character. The phenomenon of “greenwashing”, i.e., the case described above, when products and services are presented as environmentally friendly and green without real actions, is becoming more widespread. Today, consumers are also becoming more and more conscious; most of them demand correct information. In addition, the laws of individual countries place increasing demands on businesses, their environmental and social responsibility—so the use of green “practices” is often a means of staying on the market and surviving. The phenomenon is global. The European Union has recently adopted new legislation to prevent greenwashing, while countries are taking action against unethical corporate behaviour through their legislation and consumer protection authorities. This research aims to analyse the new EU directive and Hungarian legislation to see if there is a chance to eradicate the phenomenon completely. The research involved content analysis, as well as analysis of websites and case law. The results suggest that companies are always one step ahead and that only a unified trademark system can be the ultimate solution in the fight against greenwashing.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.20900/jsr.20240066

Knowledge management strategy as a chance of small and medium-sized enterprises

Andrea Bencsik Timea Juhász

Publication Name: Organizational Culture and Behavior Concepts Methodologies Tools and Applications

Publication Date: 2017-02-10

Volume: 2-4

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 577-607

Description:

This chapter shows how SMEs can compete with multinational companies. This chapter was written on the basis of practical research results. In this research, Hungarian and Slovakian SMEs were investigated from the view of a knowledge-based economy. The question was how they can face future challenges. The researchers wanted to know how SMEs handle their chance which is hidden in their way of thinking about a knowledge strategy. As a result, these companies seem to be afraid, uncertain, and think their success is only luck or a current incident. They live a "fly by night" existence, and they do not feel the importance of development, of studying, of knowledge, they run after work and money. These enterprises feel that they have to survive, and to this, they need money and financial capital. Therefore, knowledge and studying fall behind.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-1913-3.ch028

A test space for virtual rotation measurement in MaxWhere

Adam B. Csapo Anna Sudar Borbála Berki Csaba Czaban Bence Gergely Blanka Berenyi

Publication Name: 11th IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Infocommunications Coginfocom 2020 Proceedings

Publication Date: 2020-09-23

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 585-586

Description:

This demo presents a virtual reality test space, which is part of a test battery that is now under development as a part of an aptitude test and skill development project to support human resource assessment. The test space focuses on subjects' ability to both internally visualize and to manipulate the spatial orientation of a 3D cube with specific, configurable parts missing.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1109/CogInfoCom50765.2020.9237865

Comparison of the A*-A and T φ-phi; Formulations for the 2-D analysis of solid-rotor induction machines

Miklós Kuczmann D. Marcsa

Publication Name: IEEE Transactions on Magnetics

Publication Date: 2009-09-01

Volume: 45

Issue: 9

Page Range: 3329-3333

Description:

We present two eddy-current field potential formulations to solve rotating electrical machine problems by applying the finite-element method (FEM) using the motional ${\mbi A}^{*}{-}{\mbi A}$-potential formulation and the motional ${\mbi T}, {\bf \Phi}{-}{\bf \Phi}$-potential formulation. We use the single-phase and three-phase solid-rotor induction motors of Problem No. 30a of TEAM Workshops to compare the potential formulations. We have solved both problems in the time domain and the frequency domain. © 2009 IEEE.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2009.2022328

Non-simplex enclosing polytope generation concept for Tensor Product model transformation based controller design

Péter Galambos József Kuti Peter Baranyi

Publication Name: 2016 IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics Smc 2016 Conference Proceedings

Publication Date: 2017-02-06

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 3368-3373

Description:

In polytopic model-based controller synthesis, the vertices of the model determine the achievable performance characteristics. This paper introduces a new concept, that allows for the sophisticated construction of non-simplex enclosing polytopes. The non-simplex structures in general, have much better descriptor properties than the simplex one that leads to less conservative synthesis. The paper demonstrates the workflow of controller design for a nonlinear system through the example of the TORA (Translational Oscillator with a Rotational Actuator) system. The numerical results clearly show that the proposed approach is capable of excluding non-stabilizable regions located between the exact convex hull and the enclosing simplex. The non-simplex polytope leads to an increased number of vertices but it practically does not influence the viability of Tensor-Product (TP) formalization and the feasibility of controller design while the achievable control performance can be improved significantly.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1109/SMC.2016.7844754

Hierarchical fuzzy decision support methodology for dangerous goods packaging design

Péter Böröcz Kata Vöröskoi Gergő Fogarasi László T. Kóczy

Publication Name: Studies in Computational Intelligence

Publication Date: 2020-01-01

Volume: 819

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 1-7

Description:

In the field of logistics packaging (industrial-, or even customer packaging), companies have to take decisions on determining the optimal packaging solutions and expenses. The decisions often involve a choice between one-way (disposable) and reusable (returnable) packaging solutions. Even nowadays, in most cases the decisions are made based on traditions and mainly consider the material and investment costs, but many other aspects are important as well. Traditional (two-valued) logic is not suitable for modeling this problem, so the application of a fuzzy signature approach was considered. In a previous paper a fuzzy signature modeling the packaging decision was suggested, based on logistics expert opinions, in order to support the decision making process of choosing the right packaging system. The aim of this study is to improve the model and apply it for dangerous goods packaging.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-16024-1_1

Structural entropy in detecting background patterns of AFM images

L. M. Molnár Imre Mojzes Szilvia Nagy

Publication Name: Vacuum

Publication Date: 2009-08-25

Volume: 84

Issue: 1

Page Range: 179-183

Description:

Structural entropy was developed for detecting the type of localization in charge distributions on a finite grid, especially in mesoscopic electronic systems. However, it is possible to detect and analyze superstructures, i.e., topologies consisting of more structures with different types of localization properties. In the definition of the structural entropy, the von Neumann entropy of the system is divided into two parts: first, the extension entropy, which is simply the logarithm of the occupation number; the second part is the structural entropy. On a structural entropy versus logarithm of the spatial filling factor map, the different types of localizations follow different, well-characterized curves. Spatial filling factor measures the percentage of the "filled" (i.e., high intensity) pixels of the image. An atomic force microscopy (AFM) image can be interpreted as some kind of charge distribution on a grid: after normalization, the darkness (or lightness) of the pixels fulfills all the necessary conditions. AFM image artifacts can be detected by plotting the structural entropy versus the logarithm of the spatial filling factor maps of the images. Not only the type of an added large-scale Gaussian, parabolic, exponential, or other function can be identified, but also by careful study of the curves belonging to the structures, the parameters can be detected, too. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2009.04.025

Comparing the aggregation capability of the MPT communications library and multipath TCP

Ákos Kovács

Publication Name: 7th IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Infocommunications Coginfocom 2016 Proceedings

Publication Date: 2017-01-03

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 157-161

Description:

The MPT network layer multipath communication library-which was proposed to be a possible new basis for the future cognitive info-communication-is capable to use multiple communication channels to create an UDP tunnel which uses GRE tunnel protocol. On the other hand, Multipath TCP uses a special kernel module which creates multiple TCP sub-flows to aggregate network throughput. In this paper we used twelve 100Mbps speed channels to compare the aggregation capabilities of these two multipath communication techniques. Different scenarios were used: we measured both IPv4 and IPv6 as underlying and encapsulation protocols. In all cases, we used one to twelve channels to measure the aggregation capabilities with the iperf network measurement tool and also with HTTP download.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1109/CogInfoCom.2016.7804542