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Found 6412 publications

Investigation of interlocking effect of crushed stone ballast during dynamic loading

Szabolcs Fischer Vitalii Kovalchuk Mykola Sysyn Olga Nabochenko Michał Przybyłowicz

Publication Name: Reports in Mechanical Engineering

Publication Date: 2021-01-01

Volume: 2

Issue: 1

Page Range: 65-76

Description:

The present paper deals with the experimental investigation of interlocking effect of crushed stone ballast material, assessing it as the relationship with the residual and dynamic stresses under the ballast layer during laboratory dynamic tests with the consideration of different boundary conditions. The laboratory experiments were executed with a scaled model of ballast under the sleeper. The measured pressure at the bottom surface of the ballast has two parts: dynamic and residual. The dynamic part depends on the external loading; the residual part remains after unloading. The measured residual stress was observed up to 3 times higher than the stress due to cyclic external loading. The relationship of the residual stress and interlocking effect to ballast particles angularity is analyzed. A simple interpretation of the distribution of residual stress is proposed, that depends on the measured cyclic stress and the elasticity of bounding walls. The study of interlocking effect of ballast could be potentially useful for many practical problems of railway track design as well as for the track maintenance issues.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.31181/rme200102065s

Az Egészségbiztosítási alap munkaerőpiaci kapcsolódásai magyarországon

Gabor Kovacs Imre Boncz

Publication Name: Orvosi Hetilap

Publication Date: 2019-02-01

Volume: 160

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 3-5

Description:

No description provided

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1556/650.2019.31410

HOW UNIVERSITY STAFF EVALUATE GENERATIVE AI: COGNITIVE AND ETHICAL PERSPECTIVES ON TEACHING, TRUST, AND ACADEMIC INTEGRITY

Zoltán Bács Artem Artyukhov Svitlana Bilan Serhiy Lyeonov Serhiy Lyeonov

Publication Name: Human Technology

Publication Date: 2026-01-01

Volume: 22

Issue: 1

Page Range: 68-97

Description:

The rapid diffusion of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) is reshaping higher education by challenging traditional roles of teaching, trust, and academic integrity. This study aims to explore how university staff cognitively and ethically evaluate GenAI by analysing perceptions of its pedagogical replacement potential, practical feasibility, academic integrity risks, and perceived reliability across national contexts. The analysis is based on an anonymous cross-sectional survey of 637 respondents conducted between May and September 2025, using descriptive statistics, correlations, regression models, and exploratory factor analysis. The findings show that perceived replacement potential is low (M = 2.47), with over 51% of respondents rejecting the idea of AI replacing teachers. Academic integrity concerns are the strongest dimension (M = 3.51), while trust in AI accuracy remains low (M = 1.99), indicating widespread scepticism. Perceived cost and complexity do not significantly influence beliefs about replacement (R2 = 0.007; p = 0.117), suggesting a weak relationship between feasibility and perceived impact. Finally, moderate positive correlation (ρ = 0.34) and low reliability (α = 0.50; α = 0.45) provide evidence that perceptions of GenAI are fragmented and multidimensional rather than internally consistent.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.14254/1795-6889.2026.22-1.4

The Impact of Changes in Financial Supervision on the Profitability of the Hungarian Banking Sector

József Varga Tibor Bareith Tatay Tibor

Publication Name: Economies

Publication Date: 2022-07-01

Volume: 10

Issue: 7

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Since 2013, the central bank has been responsible for supervision in Hungary. In addition to the regulatory change, a law was published in the same year that started the process of abolishing the savings co-operative system. This paper investigates the impact of these two significant changes on the profitability of the Hungarian banking sector between 2003 and 2019 using dynamic panel model estimates. The supervisory change has reduced the profitability of credit institutions and tighter supervision has been implemented. The transformation of the savings co-operative system was in fact an integration that led to the disappearance of savings co-operatives by 2019. Competition in the market has been weakened, which has increased the profitability of the remaining financial institutions. The results were robust in terms of the multiple specifications and profitability ratio.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/economies10070176

Maximal entropy and minimal variability OWA operator weights: A short survey of recent developments

Christer Carlsson Robert Fuller

Publication Name: Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing

Publication Date: 2018-01-01

Volume: 357

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 187-199

Description:

The determination of ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operator weights is a very important issue of applying the OWA operator for decision making. One of the first approaches, suggested by O’Hagan, determines a special class of OWA operators having maximal entropy of the OWA weights for a given level of orness; algorithmically it is based on the solution of a constrained optimization problem. In 2001, using the method of Lagrange multipliers, Fullér and Majlender solved this constrained optimization problem analytically and determined the optimal weighting vector. In 2003 Fullér and Majlender computed the exact minimal variability weighting vector for any level of orness using the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker second-order sufficiency conditions for optimality. The problem of maximizing an OWA aggregation of a group of variables that are interrelated and constrained by a collection of linear inequalities was first considered by Yager in 1996, where he showed how this problem can be modeled as a mixed integer linear programming problem. In 2003 Carlsson, Fullér and Majlender derived an algorithm for solving the constrained OWA aggregation problem under a simple linear constraint: the sum of the variables is less than or equal to one. In this paper we give a short survey of numerous later works which extend and develop these models.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-60207-3_12

Improved behavioral analysis of fuzzy cognitive map models

Miklós F. Hatwágner Gyula Vastag Laszlo T. Koczy Vesa A. Niskanen

Publication Name: Lecture Notes in Computer Science Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics

Publication Date: 2018-01-01

Volume: 10842 LNAI

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 630-641

Description:

Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs) are widely applied for describing the major components of complex systems and their interconnections. The popularity of FCMs is mostly based on their simple system representation, easy model creation and usage, and its decision support capabilities. The preferable way of model construction is based on historical, measured data of the investigated system and a suitable learning technique. Such data are not always available, however. In these cases experts have to define the strength and direction of causal connections among the components of the system, and their decisions are unavoidably affected by more or less subjective elements. Unfortunately, even a small change in the estimated strength may lead to significantly different simulation outcome, which could pose significant decision risks. Therefore, the preliminary exploration of model ‘sensitivity’ to subtle weight modifications is very important to decision makers. This way their attention can be attracted to possible problems. This paper deals with the advanced version of a behavioral analysis. Based on the experiences of the authors, their method is further improved to generate more life-like, slightly modified model versions based on the original one suggested by experts. The details of the method is described, its application and the results are presented by an example of a banking application. The combination of Pareto-fronts and Bacterial Evolutionary Algorithm is a novelty of the approach.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-91262-2_55

The Influence of Different Heel Heights on Squatting Stability: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis

Gusztáv Fekete Huiyu Zhou Liuran Duan Ukadike Chris Ugbolue

Publication Name: Applied Sciences Switzerland

Publication Date: 2025-03-01

Volume: 15

Issue: 5

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

The back squat (BS) is one of the most effective exercises for enhancing lower limb strength, but an unstable squat can increase shear forces in the lower back. Understanding how to assess the squat stability is useful for avoiding potential sports injury. During the BS, the trunk lean and center of pressure (COP) are relevant to squat safety, and these kinematics can be altered by elevating the heel. However, there is no relevant meta-analysis on the impact of different heel heights on squat stability. This study aims to bridge the gap in the literature by conducting a systematic review and network meta-analysis on how heel elevation affects squat stability. By quantifying the influence of different heel heights on key biomechanical parameters, such as the center of pressure deviation and ankle dorsiflexion, the study provides actionable insights for athletes, trainers, and clinicians. Fourteen articles were included, and the majority of these studies demonstrated that elevated heels (EHs) can reduce COP deviation and trunk lean. In addition, 25 mm heels may be the preferred option for squat stability in the AP direction when COP data and network meta-analysis are combined. However, in the ML direction, the capacity to maintain balance is rather questionable; when ankle peak dorsiflexion is combined, 8 mm heels have higher COP deviation values and 5 mm heels have lower COP deviation values. Regarding limitations, reliance on a single bias assessment tool (Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool) might not fully capture methodological variability across non-RCT studies. Future systematic reviews could consider using multiple bias assessment tools for robust assessment.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/app15052471

Comparison of Field and Standard Random Vibration for Small-Sized and Stacked Shipments during Parcel Delivery

Péter Böröcz László Koltai Bence Molnar Zsófia Németh

Publication Name: Journal of Testing and Evaluation

Publication Date: 2023-11-01

Volume: 51

Issue: 6

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

In recent years, the volume of parcel shipments has increased significantly because of the rise in popularity of online shopping. This article focuses on the last mile segment of the parcel shipment, especially on the vibration behavior of the packages and van platform during transportation and the laboratory simulation of transportation vibration circumstances. The goal of this study is to measure in the field the vibration levels of small, stacked parcels and compare the results with measured vibration levels from the same measuring setup in the laboratory using ASTM D7386-16, Standard Practice for Performance Testing of Packages for Single Parcel Delivery Systems, vibration test method. For the measurements, three-layers of stacked small boxes with data recorder were set up into a delivery van to observe the vibration levels for the boxes inside and on the platform of the van, along different road conditions. The power spectral density spectra and overall Grms values of vibration intensity were presented and compared in four sections of frequency range between 1-200 Hz. The results indicate that the proposed vibration simulation does not correlate well with typical field vibration levels of the van platform and stacked packages. Based on the results, the packaging testing process can be developed as a more realistic preshipment testing process to avoid under-testing or over-testing of small parcels, thereby eliminating unnecessary packaging costs or damages.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1520/JTE20220490

Uncovering the Spatial Logic of Tourism Attractions: A Geospatial Analysis of Distribution Patterns and Driving Forces in Luxor, Egypt

Lóránt Dávid Moaaz Kabil Heba Mostafa Hassan Mona Abdel Fattah Abdel Moneim

Publication Name: Forum Geografi

Publication Date: 2026-04-01

Volume: 40

Issue: 1

Page Range: 91-107

Description:

The spatial distribution of tourism attractions plays an important role in shaping visitor travel behaviour, accessibility to tourism locations, and tourist destination management and planning. This study examines the spatial patterns of tourism attractions in Luxor Governorate, Egypt, and the factors influencing these spatial relationships using a variety of geospatial analysis techniques. These techniques include Nearest Neighbour Index (NNI), Standard Deviational Ellipse (SDE), Kernel Density Estimation (KDE), and Local Moran’s I. In addition, a combination of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Geodetector were applied to determine which of sixteen identified factors influenced the distribution of tourist attractions in Luxor. Finally, the spatial relationships between the identified factors and the distribution of tourist attractions were analysed through the use of Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR). The results show that there is a strong clustering of tourism attractions in Luxor within three main hubs: Luxor City (East Bank), Qurna (West Bank), and Esna. The results further indicate that the most influential factors influencing the distribution of tourist attractions in Luxor include regional services centrality, GDP index, proximity to urban centres, tourism workforce localisation, urbanisation level, and environmental quality, respectfully. The implications of this research provide practical applications for developing more sustainable and balanced tourism development strategies in heritage-rich regions such as Luxor.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.23917/forgeo.13279