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Global, regional, and national burden of meningitis, its risk factors, and aetiologies, 1990–2023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023

Usha Adiga Emad M. Abdallah Dariush Abtahi Meriem Abdoun Eman Abu-Gharbieh Anirudh Balakrishna Acharya Mohd Adnan Mitra Abbasifard Victor Adekanmbi Asrat Agalu Abejew Oyelola A. Adegboye Samar Abd ElHafeez Jeza Muhamad Abdul Aziz Muhammad Sohail Afzal Nermeen Abu-Elala Auwal Abdullahi Khurshid Ahmad Rana Kamal Abu Farha Isaac Yeboah Addo Ahmad Y. Abuhelwa Nadin M.I. Abdel Razeq Sherief Abd-Elsalam Swetha Acharya Williams Agyemang-Duah Samir Abu Rumeileh Lucien R. Swetschinski Juliana Bunmi Adetunji Lisa C. Adams Fuad Hamdi A. Abuadas Madineh Abbasi Ali Ahmadi Omar Ahmed Abdelwahab Bright Opoku Ahinkorah Nurudeen A. Adegoke Ayman Ahmed Negar Sadat Ahmadi Rezheen Fatah Abdulrahman Danish Ahmad Meshack Achore Olumide Thomas Adeleke Olifan Zewdie Abil Armita Abedi Dina Abushanab Sawsan Abuhammad Mostafa M. Abdrabou Eve E. Wool David Adedia Kamoru Ademola Adedokun Muayyad M. Ahmad Aqeel Ahmad Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani Miracle Ayomikun Adesina Hedayat Abbastabar Tauseef Ahmad Avina Vongpradith Mohammed Altigani Abdalla Temitayo Esther Adeyeoluwa Atman Adiba Chieh Han Sajjad Ahmad Gasha Salih Ahmed Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika Afolabi Rose Grace Bender Giuseppina Affinito Sepehr Aghajanian Richard Gyan Aboagye Rahim Abo Kasem Mohammad Amin Aalipour Sarah Brooke Sirota Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader Ahmed A.J. Jabbar Ridwan Olamilekan Adesola Arman Abdous Nagah M. Abourashed Zhanar Abu Toufik Abdul-Rahman Prince Owusu Adoma Gizachew Beykaso Agafari Regina Mae Villanueva Dominguez Hana J. Abukhadijah Abdullahi Tunde Aborode Ibrahim Banaru Abubakar Mehrunnisha Sharif Ahmed Sepideh Ahmadi Amir Mahmoud Ahmadzade Daniel T. Araki Hassan Abolhassani Aminu Kende Abubakar Idowu Peter Adewumi Faisal Ahmad Syed Hani Abidi Amanda Movo Hasan Aalruz Haroon Ahmed Faezeh Abbaspour Krishna Prasad Acharya Suhaib Ahmad Zhanar Abu Abisola Esther Abdulmalik Olumide Abiodun Saira Afzal

Publication Name: Lancet Neurology

Publication Date: 2026-05-01

Volume: 25

Issue: 5

Page Range: 451-468

Description:

Background: Meningitis remains the leading infectious cause of neurological disabilities globally, disproportionately affecting children younger than 5 years and populations in the African meningitis belt. Whereas previous global estimates focused on ten pathogen categories, this study presents the most comprehensive analysis to date, assessing the meningitis burden attributable to 17 causative pathogens based on the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2023 framework. Methods: GBD is a systematic, scientific effort aimed at quantifying the comparative magnitude of health loss caused by diseases, injuries, and risk factors across age groups, sexes, and geographical locations over time. We estimated meningitis mortality using the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) and morbidity using DisMod-MR 2.1, incorporating data from vital registration, verbal autopsy, surveillance, hospital data, and systematic reviews. Aetiology-specific estimates were generated with pathogen-linked case-fatality ratios and splined binomial regression models. Risk factor attribution was based on established risk–outcome pairs and population attributable fractions. Findings: In 2023, there were 259 000 (95% uncertainty interval 202 000–335 000) global deaths and 2·54 million (2·20–2·93) incident cases of meningitis. Children younger than 5 years accounted for more than a third of deaths (86 600 [53 300–149 000]). Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, non-polio enteroviruses, and other viruses were the leading causes of death, while non-polio enteroviruses caused the most cases. The four WHO-defined preventable meningitis pathogens of interest (S pneumoniae, N meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, and Group B streptococcus) contributed to 98 700 deaths (77 000–127 000) and 594 000 cases (514 000–686 000). Low birthweight, short gestation, and household air pollution were the top risk factors for meningitis-related mortality. Interpretation: Although mortality and incidence have declined significantly since 1990, progress is insufficient to meet WHO 2030 targets. Despite marked progress in reducing bacterial meningitis via global vaccination campaigns, a substantial meningitis burden persists, attributable both to common pathogens such as S pneumoniae and N meningitidis and to emerging non-bacterial pathogens such as Candida spp and drug-resistant fungi. Achieving WHO goals will require sustained investment in surveillance, vaccination, maternal screening, and health-system strengthening, especially in high-burden settings. Funding: Gates Foundation, Wellcome Trust, and UK Department of Health and Social Care.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(26)00101-8

HEAT AND MASS FLUX EFFECTS ON THE THERMODYNAMICS AND HYDRODYNAMICS OF TERNARY HYBRID NANOFLUID THROUGH A DISK

Mustafa Inc Wei Sin Koh C. Ganteda N. F.M. Noor U. V. Kalyani G. Pavani A. Anupama G. V.R. Reddy Ilyas Khan C. Ganteda G. V.R. Reddy Wei Sin Koh Siti Sabariah Abas D. Baba Basha

Publication Name: Fractals

Publication Date: 2026-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

This research examines the dynamics of heat transfer while highlighting the crucial role of Fourier heat flux concerning the thermodynamic and hydrodynamic characteristics of ternary hybrid nanofluids (HNFs) traversing a disk. The physical model and flow configuration were thoroughly analyzed under the influences of various parameters. The major equations that characterize the flow dynamics are formulated as partial differential equations (PDEs). By utilizing appropriate correspondence variables, the system of PDEs was altered keen on ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The coordination of coupled nonlinear equations is resolved arithmetically utilizing the “bvp4c function in MATLAB.” The influence of the principal appropriate factors on the radial speed, axial speed, and warmth is illustrated realistically. Ultimately, a table is constructed to demonstrate the interrelationships of numerous perilous issues on the Skin friction and Nusselt number. It was observed that an enhancement in the attractive constraint significantly diminishes the speed outline, attributable to the Lorentz influence caused by the applied attractive subject. Additionally, an enhancement in thermal transfer was observed as a consequence of an increase in thermal radiation.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1142/S0218348X26400542

Bilateral Asymmetries of Plantar Pressure and Foot Balance During Walking, Running, and Turning Gait in Typically Developing Children

Yaodong Gu Gusztáv Fekete Qichang Mei Zixiang Gao Endre Jánosi Wei Liu Hanhui Jiang Liu Xu Yile Wang Haidan Wu

Publication Name: Bioengineering

Publication Date: 2025-02-01

Volume: 12

Issue: 2

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Biomechanical asymmetries between children’s left and right feet can affect stability and coordination, especially during dynamic movements. This study aimed to examine plantar pressure distribution, foot balance, and center of pressure (COP) trajectories in children during walking, running, and turning activities to understand how different movements influence these asymmetries. Fifteen children participated in the study, using a FootScan plantar pressure plate to capture detailed pressure and balance data. The parameters, including time-varying forces, COP, and Foot Balance Index (FBI), were analyzed through a one-dimensional Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM1d) package. Results showed that asymmetries in COP and FBI became more pronounced, particularly during the tasks of running and directional turns. Regional plantar pressure analysis also revealed a more significant load on specific foot areas during these dynamic movements, indicating an increased reliance on one foot for stability and control. These findings suggest that early identification of asymmetrical loading patterns may be vital in promoting a balanced gait and preventing potential foot health issues in children. This study contributes to understanding pediatric foot biomechanics and provides insights for developing targeted interventions to support healthy physical development in children.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering12020151

Inverse energy cascade and turbulent transport in a quasi-two-dimensional magnetized electrolyte system: An experimental study

M. Berta L. Bardóczi A. Bencze

Publication Name: Physical Review E Statistical Nonlinear and Soft Matter Physics

Publication Date: 2012-05-30

Volume: 85

Issue: 5

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

We present an experimental study of the inverse energy cascade, spectral condensation, and turbulent particle transport in an electromagnetically driven thin layer of NaCl electrolyte. The presence of the bottom friction provides an energy sink at large scales for the turbulent flow. This energy sink crucially contributes to the balance of the forcing and dissipation which makes the inverse cascade steady. The present work provides an estimation of the linear dissipation rate on an experimental basis. We also show how the dissipation rate affects the characteristic features of the velocity spectrum and the dynamics of the spectral condensation. A quantitative study of the turbulent diffusion shows a significant decrease of the radial transport during the spectral condensation process. © 2012 American Physical Society.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.85.056315

Energy Management Systems in Smart Cities: A Review from the Perspective of Complex Networks Design

Lukács Balázs Jean Pimentel Istvan Drotar

Publication Name: Chemical Engineering Transactions

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 107

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 679-684

Description:

Smart cities are a very promising concept for achieving the sustainability of urban settlements. This is especially true for sustainability related to general aspects of energy management, e.g., generation, transformation, distribution, and storage. Despite their considerable potential, smart cities are complex systems in nature, as numerous individuals and subsystems participate in their performance. Because of this complexity, numerous challenges are presented for the conception of this type of system, i.e., during its design stage. The contribution provides a brief literature review that focuses on energy management in smart cities. Initially, an overview of the field is provided by analyzing the co-occurrence of keywords in the literature available in the SCOPUS database. Subsequently, strategies for energy management in smart cities, modeling approaches, and challenges and opportunities are discussed. For this, the work refers to earlier literature reviews that describe in detail relevant subjects from the perspective of networks design and optimization. The review aims at helping interested readers recognize the systematic tools available for the design of energy systems as well as the challenges offered in this rapidly evolving area, thereby contributing to the advancement of sustainable and efficient energy solutions within the context of urban environments.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3303/CET23107114

The European Badger (Meles meles) as a Host for Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens in Peri-Urban Environments, Hungary

Jenő Kontschán Gábor Nagy Ágnes Csivincsik Nóra Takács Sándor Hornok Sándor Szekeres

Publication Name: Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 2025

Issue: 1

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

European badgers are opportunistic animals that could serve as important hosts in the life cycle of hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) when entering peri-urban and urban environments. In this study, ticks and spleen samples were collected from badgers (Meles meles) found as roadkill between 2020 and 2021 in peri-urban habitats in Central Europe, Hungary. Altogether, 117 ticks, representing seven species (Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes kaiseri, Ixodes canisuga, Ixodes hexagonus, Haemaphysalis concinna, Alloceraea inermis and Dermacentor reticulatus) were removed from 49 badgers. Following assessment of suitability for obtaining spleen samples from the carcasses, DNA was extracted, and conventional or real-time PCRs were used to detect tick-borne pathogens in spleen samples of 38 badgers. Among protozoan parasites, two Babesia species, representing two phylogenetic groups, and Hepatozoon martis were identified. In addition, Candidatus Neoehrlichia lotoris, a novel Ehrlichia species (provisionally named as Candidatus Ehrlichia transdanubiensis), and Anaplasma phagocytophilum were detected in these tissue samples. The presence of these tick-borne pathogens in peri-urban mustelids indicate that they may provide a source for the infection of ixodid ticks which can in turn transmit these pathogens to humans or pet dogs in urban habitats. Thus, badgers pose an important epidemiological risk factor at the interface of sylvatic and synanthropic environments.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1155/tbed/1587951

Wireless sensor networks in agriculture: Insights from bibliometric analysis

Suhaiza Zailani Abderahman Rejeb Karim Rejeb Alireza Abdollahi Mohamed M. Mostafa

Publication Name: Sustainability Switzerland

Publication Date: 2021-11-01

Volume: 13

Issue: 21

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

This study investigates how wireless sensor network (WSN) applications in agriculture are discussed in the current academic literature. On the basis of bibliometric techniques, 2444 pub-lications were extracted from the Scopus database and analyzed to identify the temporal distribution of WSN research, the most productive journals, the most cited authors, the most influential studies, and the most relevant keywords. The computer program VOSviewer was used to generate the keyword co-occurrence network and partition the pertinent literature. Findings show the remarkable growth of WSN research in recent years. The most relevant journals, cited countries, and influential studies were also identified. The main results from the keyword co-occurrence clustering and the detailed analysis illustrate that WSN is a key enabler for precision agriculture. WSN research also focuses on the role of other technologies such as the Internet of Things, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and unmanned aerial vehicles in supporting several agriculture activities, in-cluding smart irrigation and soil management. This study illuminates researchers’ and practition-ers’ views of what has been researched and identifies possible opportunities for future studies. To the authors’ best knowledge, this bibliometric study represents the first attempt to map global WSN research using a comprehensive sample of documents published over nearly three decades.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/su132112011

How do economies decarbonize growth under finance-energy inequality? Global evidence

Gagan Deep Sharma Aviral Tiwari Hai Hong Trinh Diem Thi Hong Vo

Publication Name: Energy Economics

Publication Date: 2025-02-01

Volume: 142

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

The study investigates the multidecade complexity between economic growth and carbon emissions across income groups and regions for 180 economies over the past decades. We find that the global economy has been decarbonizing its economic growth. The effects of growth on decarbonization are conditional on outcome distributions. The Paris Agreement (COP21) and renewable energy consumption (REC) are robust mechanisms toward green growth. Financial development (FD) presents its moderation to decarbonized growth. The study makes the following novel contributions to prior literature streams. First, complex GDP-CO2 nexuses are conditional on green factors and decarbonization is foremost for our global inclusive growth. Second, the friendliness of FD to the environment relies on green transition. It is worth noting that financial institutions and markets are exposed to climate risk drivers leading to our great challenge to promote green finance. Decarbonization is our global and constant efforts toward inclusive growth. Under finance-energy inequality, renewable energy capacity and finance are critical to decarbonized economic growth.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/j.eneco.2024.108172

Ecosystems of industry 4.0 - Combining technology and human power

Eunika Mercier-Laurent Cristina Rosaria Monsone

Publication Name: 11th International Conference on Management of Digital Ecosystems Medes 2019

Publication Date: 2019-11-12

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 115-119

Description:

IoT, digital twins, co-bots, drones, Artificial Intelligence, clouds are the system components of Industry 4.0, this trend born to face hypercompetition. It aims in renewing processes using available technologies and impacts the whole industry ecosystems including people, information processing and business models. While most of research works focus on technology, the industrial systems objectives are economic with recent environmental concern. This paper provides an overview of Industry 4.0 and discuss the importance of considering knowledge, people and planet in massive digitalization. It focus on the role of digital twins in transforming industry, presented in the context of ecosystems and discuss the role of Knowledge Innovation, environmental impact and the place of the humans in I4.0.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1145/3297662.3365793