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Publications - 6374

Green and Sustainable Chemistry in the Work of the United Nations Environment Programme: Results and Options for Future Regulation

Dalma Takó

Publication Name: Chemical Engineering Transactions

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 121

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 103-108

Description:

The expression of green and sustainable chemistry has gained significant attention around the world in recent years. Nowadays, it is evident that green and sustainable chemistry is necessary for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs); however, the concept and its realisation seem quite vague. Until 2021, green and sustainable chemistry had been defined in different documents, which led to divergent practices. However, in 2021, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) created a Framework Manual on Green and Sustainable Chemistry, which now serves as a uniform guidance for various stakeholders to realise innovation actions and assess management practices for green and sustainable chemistry. Despite its significance, the Framework Manual is not widely known, as it has hardly been analysed, and more seriously, its legal classification has not been examined so far. The aim of this paper is to fill this gap and analyse the Framework Manual from a regulatory viewpoint. In line with this, the study presents the main characteristics of the document, determines the correct legal classification of the document, and makes recommendations regarding the possible improvements of the document and the future regulating options for green and sustainable chemistry. By analysing these questions, the study arrives at significant results: Firstly, it declares that the Framework Manual is a legally non-binding, soft law document. Secondly, it identifies the advantages and disadvantages of soft law regulation. Thirdly, it concludes that the Framework Manual cannot be regarded as a final result. The topic of green and sustainable chemistry should be regulated in a legally binding form in the future. With these results, the study fills the huge gap in legal analysis of the Framework Manual and contributes to the satisfactory future regulation of green and sustainable chemistry.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3303/CET25121018

A test model for hardware and software

Jozsef Sziray

Publication Name: Proceedings of IEEE Pacific Rim International Symposium on Dependable Computing Prdc

Publication Date: 2011-12-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 292-293

Description:

The paper presents a unified test model which is a mapping scheme for describing the one-to-one correspondence between the input and output domains of a given hardware or software system. Here the test inputs and the fault classes are also involved. The test model incorporates both the verification and the validation schemes for the hardware and software. © 2011 IEEE.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1109/PRDC.2011.41

Skid Resistance of Asphalt Pavements

Szabolcs Rosta László Gáspár

Publication Name: Eng

Publication Date: 2023-06-01

Volume: 4

Issue: 2

Page Range: 1597-1615

Description:

Skid resistance of a road pavement surface is the force developed when a tyre is prevented from rotating and slides along the pavement surface. This property comes from the combination of the macro- and micro-texture of pavement. The skid resistance of an asphalt pavement is an important parameter influencing driving safety on a road since there is a proven relationship between skid resistance and accident parameters. This paper deals with the measurement principle of pavement skid resistance (surface friction) including longitudinal and transverse friction. A high number of measuring devices of skid resistance are also introduced, highlighting their advantages and limitations. Moreover, the measurement policies in the European Union and in Hungary are outlined. Pavement surface texture is investigated, dealing with the levels of surface texture, the most common measuring techniques, the macro-texture features of asphalt types, as well as the Hungarian regulation in the field. As a related topic, the aggregate properties and their implication in the relevant Hungarian specification are introduced briefly as well. Some outcomes of the EU’s COST Action 354 on the development of unified European macro-roughness and skid resistance performance indicators and indices are also presented.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/eng4020091

Mitigation of inductive coupling effects on buried pipelines using gradient control conductors of overhead line configuration and hippopotamus optimization algorithm

Sid Ahmed Bessedik Rabah Djekidel Kelthoum Hachani Bentouati Bachir Ragab A. El-Sehiemy

Publication Name: Scientific Reports

Publication Date: 2026-12-01

Volume: 16

Issue: 1

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

By electromagnetic perturbation effect, the extra-high voltage (EHV) overhead transmission lines can cause significant induced voltages and currents on buried metallic pipelines located in the immediate vicinity. These voltages can present a source of hazard both for the structural I ntegrity of the metallic pipeline and for the safety of personnel responsible for operation and maintenance. This paper proposes the quasi-static modeling of the electromagnetic interference to which a buried metallic pipeline will be subjected nearby an extra-high voltage (EHV) overhead transmission line, under steady-state operating conditions of the power electrical grid. Using the electrical network analysis method to evaluate the induced voltage levels and its effects on the buried pipeline; also, to propose a mitigation strategy if necessary. The results obtained show that the values of the AC induced voltage on the buried pipeline are significant and exceed the limits defined by the international NACE standard. They can cause a risk of electrocution for intervention personnel and accelerate the process of metal corrosion. Therefore, the gradient control mitigation technique of the conductors and their optimal geometric arrangement of EHV transmission line using Hippopotamus Optimization (HO) algorithm were proposed to reduce AC induced voltages within the permissible safety limits, according to the requirements of the NACE Standard. Finally, it should be noted that the implementation of these mitigation approaches have led to remarkable results in eliminating potential risks.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-40852-5

TWENTY YEARS OF THE HUNGARIAN REGIONAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION IN NUMBERS

Zsuzsanna Zsibók Judit Berkes

Publication Name: Deturope

Publication Date: 2022-01-01

Volume: 14

Issue: 3

Page Range: 144-161

Description:

This study is a retrospect on the 20th anniversary of the founding of the Hungarian Regional Science Association. Our aim is to provide a brief but comprehensive overview of these two decades in the light of quantifiable facts and results. We use document analysis and statistical descriptive methods in order to present a compact picture of the history of the Association's development. The results of our analysis confirm the impression that the Association, after a consistent building process, is characterised by stability, and it offers a wide range of perspectives for professional cooperation between the representatives of regional science

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.32725/DET.2022.026

Digital Transformation in Taiwan’s Insurance Industries for MABAC Technology Based on Circular Modified Fuzzy Choquet Frank Network Data Envelopment Analysis

Dragan Pamucar Zeeshan Ali

Publication Name: International Journal of Analysis and Applications

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 23

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Fuzzy set theory has significant and dominant applications in Taiwan’s insurance industry, especially in fields involving decision-making, uncertainty, and risk assessment. Providing the complexity and problems in assessing factors, for instance, natural disaster risks, customer creditworthiness, or health conditions, traditional binary logic often falls short. Taiwanese insurers have adopted fuzzy logic systems to enhance fraud detection, premium pricing, and privilege evaluations by catching the indistinctness characteristic in human ruling and imperfect data. The Taiwan insurance industry is a dynamic and spirited module of the commercial sector, contributing meaningfully to risk management and economic stability. For this, we study to propose an assessment of the proficiency of insurance enterprises using Network Data Envelopment Analysis. Toward this end, the frank operational laws for circular Pythagorean fuzzy (CPF) uncertainty are applied. Moreover, the CPF Choquet Frank averaging (CPFCFA) operator and CPF Choquet Frank geometric (CPFCFG) operator with three dominant properties for each operator have been studied. The study deliberates the multi-attributive border approximation area comparison (MABAC) model and verifies it with the help of numerical examples. This study enhances the industry’s efficiency to offer adapted insurance products and handle risks precisely, aligning with Taiwan’s push toward intelligent financial services and digital transformation. In the following, we establish the decision-making performance for assessing the proficiency of insurance enterprises using the network data envelopment analysis (NDEA) technique. Finally, we examine the ranking values of offered representations to compare them with the ranking values of prevailing models to show the capability and efficacy of the originated approaches.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.28924/2291-8639-23-2025-245

Recent advances in learning content and infrastructure development for layout and process planning courses at the SZTAKI learning factories

Zsolt Kemény Richárd Beregi Bence Tipary Kristóf Abai János Nacsa

Publication Name: Procedia Manufacturing

Publication Date: 2020-01-01

Volume: 45

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 319-324

Description:

Two locations maintained by SZTAKI-in Budapest and Gyor, respectively-provide infrastructure for learning factory programs, primarily in layout and process planning, and process execution. In addition to project-oriented work successfully hosted by the facilities for several years, the development of repeatable and evolvable learning content began in 2019. A preceding publication presented a roadmap for the development of re-usable courses based on outcomes of one-shot projects which built up an initial infrastructure. This paper gives an in-progress view at selected dimensions of learning content and course development. In view of recent additions to available infrastructure, an extended portfolio of design and scenario choices is presented with suggested sets of options which can be opened up for elaboration by course participants. Complementing these, typical course types are also summarized, with special emphasis on options likely to be deployed in the current operating context of the facilities.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/j.promfg.2020.04.024

Numerical methods for safeguarding the performance of the quenching process

S. Sarmiente Imre Felde S. Segerberg Tamás Réti J. Bodin

Publication Name: Materials Science Forum

Publication Date: 2005-01-01

Volume: 473-474

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 335-340

Description:

ivf SmartQuench™ - a new system for testing and evaluation of quenching media and quenching systems - has recently been introduced by IVF. One of the system main features is an advanced computer software, which provides flexible evaluation of quenchants in many respects. The abilities of the computer program is underlined. © 2005 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.4028/0-87849-957-1.335

Ensemble deep learning approach for traffic video analytics in edge computing

Dragan Pamucar Sathya Krishnamoorthi Vani Rajasekar Malathy Sathyamoorthy Sathya Krishnamoorthi

Publication Name: Scientific Reports

Publication Date: 2026-12-01

Volume: 16

Issue: 1

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Video analytics is the new era of computer vision in identifying and classifying objects. Traffic surveillance videos can be analysed to using computer vision to comprehend the road traffic. Monitoring the real-time road traffic is essential to control them. Computer vision helps in identifying the vehicles on the road, but the present techniques either perform the video analysis on the cloud platform or the edge platform. The former introduces more delay in processing while controlling is needed in real-time, the latter is not accurate in estimating the current road traffic. YOLO algorithms are the most notable ones for efficient real-time object detection. To make such object detections feasible in lightweight environments, its tinier version called Tiny YOLO is used. Edge computing is the efficient framework to have its computation done on the edge of the physical layer without the need to move data into the cloud to reduce latency. A novel hybrid model of vehicle detection and classification using Tiny YOLO and YOLOR is constructed at the edge layer. This hybrid model processes the video frames at a higher rate and produces the traffic estimate. The numerical traffic volume is sent to Ensemble Learning in Traffic Video Analytics (ELITVA) which uses F-RNN to make decisions in reducing the traffic flow seamlessly. The experimental results performed on drone dataset captured at road signals show an increase in precision by 13.8%, accuracy by 4.8%, recall by 17.4%, F1 score by 19.9%, and frame rate processing by 12.8% compared to other existing traffic surveillance systems and efficient controlling of road traffic.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-25628-7