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Publications - 6525

Linseed oil supplementation affects fatty acid desaturase 2, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma, and insulin-like growth factor 1 gene expression in turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo)

Eszter Zsédely E. Lakatos Károly Tempfli Klaudia Szalai András Gáspárdy Agnes Bali Papp

Publication Name: Animal Bioscience

Publication Date: 2021-04-01

Volume: 34

Issue: 4

Page Range: 662-669

Description:

Objective: Effects of linseed oil (LO) supplementation on the fat content and fatty acid profile of breast meat, and the expression of three genes in the liver, breast muscle and fat tissues of commercial 154-day-old hybrid male turkeys were investigated. Methods: The animals in the control group were fed a commercially available feed and received no LO supplementation (n = 70), whereas animals in the LO group (n = 70) were fed the same basic diet supplemented with LO (day 15 to 21, 0.5%; day 22 to 112, 1%). The effect of dietary LO supplementation on fatty acid composition of breast muscle was examined by gas chromatography, and the expression of fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) genes was analysed by means of quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results: The LO supplementation affected the fatty acid composition of breast muscle. Hepatic FADS2 levels were considerably lower (p<0.001), while adipose tissue expression was higher (p<0.05) in the control compared to the LO group. The PPARγ expression was lower (p<0.05), whereas IGF1 was higher (p<0.05) in the fat of control animals. There were no significant (p>0.05) differences in FADS2, PPARγ, and IGF1 gene expressions of breast muscle; however, omega-6/omega-3 ratio of breast muscle substantially decreased (p<0.001) in the LO group compared to control. Conclusion: Fatty acid composition of breast meat was positively influenced by LO supplementation without deterioration of fattening parameters. Remarkably, increased FADS2 expression in the liver of LO supplemented animals was associated with a significantly decreased omega-6/omega-3 ratio, providing a potentially healthier meat product for human consumption. Increased PPARγ expression in fat tissue of the LO group was not associated with fat content of muscle, whereas a decreased IGF1 expression in fat tissue was associated with a trend of decreasing fat content in muscle of the experimental LO group.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.5713/ajas.20.0030

Long-term effects of the ap-citrox decontamination procedure on the protective oxide-layer formed on stainless steel

D. Oravetz Gábor Patek Bernadett Baja P. Kádár Andrea Szabo´ Nagy Varga Kálmán Dezso Varga József Tóth Zoltán Németh István Cserny László Kövér Schunk János Z. Homonnay E. Kuzmann

Publication Name: Korrozios Figyelo

Publication Date: 2007-07-09

Volume: 47

Issue: 3

Page Range: 62-72

Description:

Our previous studies have revealed that a "hybrid" structure of the amorphous and crystalline phases is formed in the outermost surface region of the austenitic stainless steel tubes of steam generators (SGs) as an undesired consequence of the industrial application of the AP-CITROX decontamination technology. The formation of this mobile oxide-layer increased the amount of the corrosion products in the primary circuit significantly (∼80 kg/block), resulting in magnetite deposition on fuel assemblies. As deposits blocked the cooling channels, the flow rate of water coolant through the reactor core decreased. Consequently, the power capacity of three nuclear reactor units had to be reduced, and full core fuel replacement became necessary. In the light of the above events, the present work gives a brief overview on the general corrosion state of the heat exchanger tubes of SGs, concerning the long-term effects of the AP-CITROX procedure on the chemical composition and structure of the protective oxide-layer. Owing to the fact that there is no investigation method available for the in-situ monitoring of the inner surfaces of heat exchanger tubes, a research project based on sampling as well as on ex-situ electrochemical and surface analytical measurements was elaborated. Within the frame of this project, comprehensive investigation of the general corrosion state and metallographic features of 36 stainless steel specimens, cut out from various locations of the four steam generators of the Paks NPP has been performed. Electrochemical (voltammetric) and surface analytical (SEM-EDX, CEMS, and XRD) results reveal that some beneficial changes in the corrosion properties, morphology and chemical composition of the inner surfaces of heat exchanger tubes can be observed in the time period of 2000-2006.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: DOI not available

Effect of biodiesel-derived by-product on the germination of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) in pot experiments

Károly Pocsai Péter Csontos

Publication Name: Journal of Landscape Ecology

Publication Date: 2012-01-01

Volume: 10

Issue: 2

Page Range: 341-349

Description:

The effect of biodiesel-derived by-product (SZO = soap-like emulsion) from rape oil was examined on the germination of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) achenes in pot experiments. Soils were treated in three different doses: 2500, 5000 and 10000 liter/ha, applied in proportion to the surface area of the pots. Control soil was moistened with the same amount of tap water. Fifty ragweed achenes were sown into each pot, then the pots were placed in a refrigerator for cold treatment (35 days, +7 °C). Following cold treatment the pots were placed in an unheated greenhouse and the germination of ragweed achenes were monitored for 40 days. Common ragweed seedlings emerged from soils of each treatment including the control, but their rate of germination differed. The highest number of seedlings appeared in the control pots (51.5%), whereas the lowest number was observed in the 2500 l/ha dose pots (33.0%). Order of the treatments according to increasing germination succes was the following: 2500 < 10000 < 5000 < control. Germination rate in treatments 2500 l/ha and 10000 l/ha was significantly lower than it was detected in the control. SZO dose of 5000 l/ha resulted intermediate germination rate of ragweed achenes, that did not differ significantly from any other treatments. Based on the results, the studied biodiesel-derived by-product can potentially be used in weed control. For its appropriate use, the effective chemical components of the SZO should be identified. Further studies needed to determine the optimal dose applicable in field management and to investigate the potential effect of SZO on the germination of cultivated species.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.56617/tl.3793

Effect of Printing Parameters on the Tensile Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Thermoplastic Polyurethane †

László Lendvai Sándor K. Jakab

Publication Name: Engineering Proceedings

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 113

Issue: 1

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) filament was used to fabricate specimens through material extrusion (MEX)-based 3D printing technique with varying printing parameters. Nozzle diameters of 0.4 mm and 0.8 mm were used, while the printing infill orientation (also denoted as raster angle) was either parallel (0°) to the length of the specimens, perpendicular to it (90°), or at a 45° angle with alternating direction in each layer (±45°). Tensile tests were conducted to determine tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and elongation at break of the samples. The highest tensile strength was achieved using a 0.8 mm nozzle diameter and 0° raster angle, reaching 32.5 MPa, with a corresponding Young’s modulus of 145.8 MPa. Meanwhile, the sample with the lowest modulus (100.4 MPa) and tensile strength (17.8 MPa) was the one 3D-printed with a 0.4 mm nozzle and 90° raster angle.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/engproc2025113019

A Localized Multi-Level Method of Fundamental Solutions Applied to Steady Heat Transfer Problems

Csaba Gáspár

Publication Name: Key Engineering Materials

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 1033

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 93-104

Description:

A special localization technique is presented for solving steady heat transfer problems, in which the thermal conductivity may depend on space variables. The original problem is split into several subproblems defined on much smaller subdomains. The subproblems are solved using the Method of Fundamental Solutions, which is a truly meshless method. This leads to a Seidel-like iterative technique, which mimics the classical Schwarz overlapping method. The problems associated with large, dense and ill-conditioned matrices are avoided. The method is embedded into a multi-level context, which significantly reduces the computational complexity.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.4028/p-NN3rBx

Municipal bonds in Hungary: Constraints and challenges

Kovács Gábor

Publication Name: Springer Geography

Publication Date: 2015-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 257-274

Description:

After the collapse of communist rule, Hungarian local governments had to meet new challenges and expectations. Due to the decentralisation process, local governments’ revenues decreased significantly in the last two decades, while the level and scope of services provided decreased less rapidly, if at all. Consequently, local governments, short of resources, had to develop their ability to raise funds needed to meet local spending needs. This study examines the general theoretical framework of municipal borrowing, comparing the economic and social advantages of bank loans versus municipal bonds. It also evaluates the role of the national government’s central administration in regulating local authority indebtedness. It then presents and analyses the characteristics of Hungarian local government bond financing, assessing the appropriateness of bonds as a local government fundraising tool. The indebtedness of Hungarian local authorities has increased drastically since 2006, mainly through bond financing. A substantial proportion of these bonds were issued in foreign currencies because interest rates were lower. The subsequent economic downturn and devaluation of the Hungarian forint has left many local governments worse off because their indebtedness has increased in forint terms. Bond financing is often considered simply an alternative form of borrowing, and Hungarian local governments do not fully benefit from the flexible features offered by bonds. In today’s Hungary, bond financing offers opportunities to broaden local government financial freedom and reduce the financial risk related to borrowing, but they also pose risks, particularly in the absence of local expertise. Regulation of local government borrowing is still mainly based on the coercive effect of a credit limit. This is a one-sided approach to the problem, and current Hungarian regulations fail to meet the expectations of the most important players in the European capital market, namely, institutional investors. New regulations are needed which can enhance the beneficial characteristics of bonds, while preserving the security they provide to local governments and prospective investors.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5503-1_13

Possibilities for Further Development of the Airbags in the Case of Non-conventional Seating Positions

Istvan Lakatos Laszlo Porkolab

Publication Name: Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 53

Issue: 2

Page Range: 146-157

Description:

The first ideas and experiments aimed at protecting passengers from the vehicle’s internal components with airbags date back to the 1960s. Twenty years later, the airbag appeared in series production, in December 1980, the Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W126) was the first serial production car to be equipped with a driver airbag, and since its introduction, the use of airbag technology has been uninterrupted. Airbag systems are currently regarded as almost mandatory protection systems in a vehicle. The article generally presents the development of airbags used in cars, followed by the currently used airbag folding types. After that, the article presents the simulation of the airbag deployment, its types and theoretical background, as well as the most important stages of the deployment of the airbag. In the following, the article presents the results of the research so far in the case of frontal and side crashes. The next section of the article introduces the materials capable of absorbing energy, then details the simulation model built and the airbag concept created. The last part of the article contains an evaluation of the results and the summary. The modified seat examined in the earlier phase of the research and the airbag concept that is the subject of this research also fulfill the set goals, but the latter has a great advantage.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3311/PPtr.38633

Advancing rapid visual screening method: An AI-integrated and automated data-driven approach for building vulnerability assessment

Nurullah Bektaş

Publication Name: Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration

Publication Date: 2026-04-01

Volume: 25

Issue: 2

Page Range: 467-490

Description:

Buildings constructed prior to the implementation of seismic design standards or those built based on lower standards are susceptible to earthquake risks, resulting in substantial loss of life and property during an imminent earthquake. Although conventional rapid visual screening (RVS) methods have been extensively developed, both nationally and in the literature, they have limitations in accurately determining the vulnerability of buildings. Additionally, RVS methods developed on the basis of a single algorithm have limitations. Therefore, this study extends the existing body of work by integrating multiple AI algorithms, including fuzzy logic, machine learning, and neural networks, in the context of building damage data from the 2015 Gorkha earthquake, overcoming the limitations of previous studies by introducing an automated AI-based RVS methodology that enhances accuracy, transparency, and adaptability. The newly developed RVS method demonstrates an accuracy rate of 45.89% for testing in the three-class classification, while also delivering promising results in the two-class classification, with an accuracy rate of 60%, surpassing both conventional RVS methods and the baseline accuracy rate.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/s11803-026-2381-5

Estimation of energy distribution for car-body deformation

István Harmati Péter Várlaki

Publication Name: Isciii 07 3rd International Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics Proceedings

Publication Date: 2007-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 229-232

Description:

Identification of distribution of deformational energy for vehicle body deformational processes is a very important and difficult task in accident analysis and in safety car-body design. Exact estimation or measuring of the absorbed energy by the deformation is almost impossible, so we apply an estimation for this. The classical tool for this task is usually a differental equation based finite element method, which requires exact knowledge about the parameters. In the following we introduce a simple numerical model describing the changing of the energy distribution during the whole deformational process. The main idea is similar to a finite element method: let have a 3D rectangular grid on the car-body, according to the energy absorbing properties of the vehicle, so each cell is approximately homogenous. For For each cell a monotonous decreasing function is assigned, which describes approximately the rate of the absorbed and the input energy. For different possible directions of the impact we define different absorbing functions, and instead of the original input, we deal with its orthogonal components, so the final result then will be the sum of the particular result. © 2007 IEEE.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1109/ISCIII.2007.367394