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Found 6414 publications

Legal Challenges for Automated Decision-Making in Self-Driving Vehicles—Liability Issues and Remedies †

Dorottya Biczi

Publication Name: Engineering Proceedings

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 113

Issue: 1

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Rapid advancements in technology have resulted in the proliferation of self-driving vehicles, which have already presented significant challenges to the field of legal science. In the context of automated decision-making, the question of liability is invariably pertinent. The question of whether liability should be assigned to a non-human entity or to a group of people is a contentious one. Furthermore, the question of which entity should be held liable for compensation for damage caused and which entity should be criminally liable remains unresolved. In the context of self-driving vehicles operating at a lower level of automation, the identification of the driver’s liability, ostensibly a straightforward undertaking, gives rise to a multitude of intricate ethical dilemmas. In addition to the prevailing assumptions regarding liability, which have previously been discussed in detail in the literature, the study also addresses the issue of transparency in automated decision-making related to legal remedies.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/engproc2025113032

Creep model to determine rut development by autonomous truck axles on pavement

Peter Fuleki Richárd Nagy Mohammad Fahad

Publication Name: Pollack Periodica

Publication Date: 2022-04-30

Volume: 17

Issue: 1

Page Range: 66-71

Description:

Impacts of autonomous truck's passes on pavement have been analyzed in this research. Two types of lateral positioning namely zero wander and uniform wander along with a super single wide tire and a dual tire have been analyzed with variable traffic speeds in ABQUS. The study concludes with the results in favor of usage of a super single wide tire under a uniform wander mode. The highest amount of pavement damage in terms of maximum rut depth is caused by the dual wheel assembly moving under a zero-wander mode. The magnitude of rut depth increases by a factor of two when a dual tire assembly is used instead of a wide tire assembly. At a uniform wander mode, rut depth increases by 0.2 mm for every 10 km/h decrease in traffic speed within 90 km/h to 70 km/h range.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1556/606.2021.00328

Multibody Simulation of Helical Gear Noise and Vibration Behavior Using MSC ADAMS †

Ambrus Zelei Krisztián Horváth Krisztián Horváth Krisztián Horváth

Publication Name: Engineering Proceedings

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 113

Issue: 1

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

The premium electric-vehicle market demands exceptionally quiet transmissions because the absence of engine masking makes gearbox noise more perceptible. Virtual NVH (noise, vibration, and harshness) evaluation requires coupling elastic deformation, gear–tooth contact, and vibration transmission through bearings and housing within a single environment. This study develops an integrated workflow in MSC ADAMS for predicting the NVH behavior of a 23/81-tooth helical gear pair. Finite element-based flank stiffness is imported, and a nonlinear contact model is applied to flexible teeth. Baseline simulation at 50 Nm and 200 rpm yields a static transmission error (TE) of 7.5 µm and a dynamic peak-to-peak TE of 0.7 µm, with the fundamental mesh tone at 77 Hz. Increasing tip relief by +0.10 mm lowers RMS TE by 31% and the first mesh order by 3.1 dB while raising the flank pressure from 1.65 GPa to 1.88 GPa. The workflow efficiently supports early-stage gear-noise optimization prior to the development of physical prototypes.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/engproc2025113036

Investigation of the shelf life of fruit yogurts as a function of the treatment of flavoring substances

E. Lakatos V. Kapcsándi

Publication Name: Elelmiszervizsgalati Kozlemenyek

Publication Date: 2021-01-01

Volume: 67

Issue: 1

Page Range: 3293-3314

Description:

1. SUMMARY Milk and dairy products represent one of the foundations of the human diet because of their valuable ingredients and pleasant sensory properties. The aim of our research was to investigate how different heat treatment processes (microwave irradiation, drying) affect the shelf life of dairy products (yogurt) from a microbiological point of view. In the course of our measurements, the effects of the different heat treatment parameters of the flavoring substances used in the production of the products (apples, bananas) on the microbiological properties of the products and, thus, on their shelf life were investigated. In our experiments, conventional drying (55 °C, 24 hours) and microwave irradiation technology (800 W, 55 °C, 10 min) were used as treatment forms of the additives. Comparisons were made in terms of microbiological parameters (total viable count, yeast/mold count and E. coli/coliform count). Based on our results, we believe that the drying process can ensure microbiological safety in food production if the air circulating in the equipment has adequate hygienic properties. The microwave irradiation technology can be used successfully to inhibit microbes in foods, in this case fruits. However, the same treatment parameters cannot be applied to different fruits.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.52091/JFI-2021/1-3-ENG

Virtual proximity in distance education - The usage of a three-dimensional software

Petra Kecskés Julia Szoke

Publication Name: 8th IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Infocommunications Coginfocom 2017 Proceedings

Publication Date: 2017-07-02

Volume: 2018-January

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

From time to time new forms of communication appear in our everyday life due to the constant development of ICT. Therefore, we demonstrate how a three-dimensional visualization software can be used in higher education for students of distance education.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1109/CogInfoCom.2017.8268291

Human–robot collision predictor for flexible assembly

Imre Paniti Péter Kovács Dávid Szűr János Nacsa

Publication Name: Acta Imeko

Publication Date: 2021-01-01

Volume: 10

Issue: 3

Page Range: 72-80

Description:

The performance of human–robot collaboration can be improved in some assembly tasks when a robot emulates the effective coordination behaviours observed in human teams. However, this close collaboration could cause collisions, resulting in delays in the initial scheduling. Besides the commonly used acoustic or visual signals, vibrations from a mobile device can be used to communicate the intention of a collaborative robot (cobot). In this paper, the communication time of a virtual reality and depth camera-based system is presented in which vibration signals are used to alert the user of a probable collision with a UR5 cobot. Preliminary tests are carried out on human reaction time and network communication time measurements to achieve an initial picture of the collision predictor system’s performance. Experimental tests are also presented in an assembly task with a three-finger gripper that functions as a flexible assembly device.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.21014/ACTA_IMEKO.V10I3.1072

Sight distances at unsignalized intersections: A comparison of guidelines and requirements for human drivers and autonomous vehicles

Mariusz Kieć Csaba Koren Attila Borsos Zsófia Magyari

Publication Name: Archives of Transport

Publication Date: 2021-01-01

Volume: 59

Issue: 3

Page Range: 7-19

Description:

Many traffic accidents are caused by unforeseen and unexpected events in a site that was hidden from the driver's eyes. Road design parameters determining required visibility are based on relationships formulated decades ago. It is worth reviewing them from time to time in the light of technological developments. In this paper, sight distances for stopping and crossing situations are studied in relation to the assumed visual abilities of autonomous vehicles. Current sight distance requirements at unsignalized intersections are based among others on speeds on the major road and on accepted gaps by human drivers entering or crossing from the minor road. Since these requirements vary from country to country, regulations and sight terms of a few selected countries are compared in this study. From the comparison it is remarkable that although the two concepts, i.e. gap acceptance on the minor road and stopping on the major road have different backgrounds, but their outcome in terms of required sight distances are similar. Both distances are depending on speed on the major road: gap sight distances show a linear, while stopping sight distances a parabolic function. In general, European SSD values are quite similar to each other. However, the US and Australian guidelines based on gap acceptance criteria recommend higher sight distances. Human capabilities and limitations are considered in sight field requirements. Autonomous vehicles survey their environment with sensors which are different from the human vision in terms of identifying objects, estimating distances or speeds of other vehicles. This paper compares current sight field requirements based on conventional vehicles and those required for autonomous vehicles. Visibility requirements were defined by three vision indicators: distance, angle of view and resolution abilities of autonomous cars and human drivers. These indicators were calculated separately for autonomous vehicles and human drivers for various speeds on the main road and for intersections with 90° and 60° angles. It was shown that the required sight distances are 10 to 40 meters shorter for autonomous vehicles than for conventional ones.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.9553

Cognitive and spiritual revolution of the tenth century - Constantine porphyrogenitus and his hidden world: Part I. the Great Monarch's hidden world in the great medieval mystical writings

Peter Varlaki Peter Baranyi

Publication Name: 8th IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Infocommunications Coginfocom 2017 Proceedings

Publication Date: 2017-07-02

Volume: 2018-January

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

The paper deals, through a comparative hermeneutical macro and microanalysis, identical and very similar representational and meaning systems of such great medieval mystical writings as the Book Bahir, the Targum to Song of Songs and the Royal Mirror of St Stephen of Hungary. The basis of the comparison is the hidden ('highest') presence of the spirit of the Great Monarch. The 'identified' mystical patterns are compared with the representational and meaning systems in the great medieval art-works related to Constantine Porphyrogenitus in Part II of the paper.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1109/CogInfoCom.2017.8268293

The historical role of milk and dairying in shaping European societies

László Varga

Publication Name: Elelmiszervizsgalati Kozlemenyek

Publication Date: 2017-06-30

Volume: 63

Issue: 2

Page Range: 1537-1547

Description:

Based on results recently published in the scientific literature, the author briefly outlines in this mini-review how dairying has become, over thousands of years, a basic activity of humankind. Following the domestication of cattle, goats and sheep, which had begun approximately 10,500 to 11,000 years ago in the Middle East, milk was already in use in northwestern Anatolia by the seventh millennium BC. In lack of lactase, however, milk consumption resulted in unpleasant outcomes (e.g., flatulence, cramps, diarrhea, etc.) in the vast majority of prehistoric farmers. The negative symptoms associated with lactose intolerance were later considerably alleviated by the introduction of simple milk processing techniques such as fermentation. Thus, for instance, Neolithic farming communities in north-central Poland started producing cheese between 6800 and 7400 years ago. Intriguingly, the ability to digest lactose in adulthood, termed lactase persistence (LP), emerged as a result of a genetic mutation at about the same time in central Europe, and the LP allele has been subject to strong positive selection afterwards. As the so-called gene–culture coevolutionary model suggests, the cultural evolution of dairy farming tightly entwined with the biological evolution of LP over millennia, and these processes are likely to have profoundly influenced the genetic composition of European populations.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: DOI not available