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Found 6414 publications

Efficient Layer-by-Layer Processed Small-Molecule Donor/Polymer Acceptor Solar Cells: Morphology-Dependent Charge-Transfer Mechanisms

Gusztáv Fekete Hai Qiao Wang Shu Xu István Bíró Xingyu Liu Beining Wang Zhongle Chen Yuxuan Wang Chenghuan Chen

Publication Name: ACS Photonics

Publication Date: 2026-01-21

Volume: 13

Issue: 2

Page Range: 424-432

Description:

Small-molecule donor:polymer acceptor (SMD:PA) organic solar cells have garnered attention due to their excellent active layer stability, yet their efficiency remains significantly lower than other OSC types. This study addresses the challenge of morphology control in SMD:PA systems via a layer-by-layer (LBL) process to optimize the donor–acceptor interpenetrating network. Using small-molecule donor B1 and polymer acceptor PY-IT with chloroform as a universal solvent, we systematically investigated the impact of LBL processing on the active layer morphology and device performance. The inverted LBL device (ITO/ZnO/PY-IT/B1/MoO3/Ag) achieved a power conversion efficiency of 8.6%, significantly outperforming the bulk heterojunction devices (inverted 2.91% and normal 6.11%) and previously reported LBL SMD:PA cells (1.12%). Static and femtosecond transient absorption spectra, time-resolved photoluminescence, and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that the LBL and nonorthogonal solvent strategy facilitated effective B1 infiltration into the PY-IT layer, forming an optimized active layer with refined phase separation and improved donor/acceptor interfaces, thus resulting in enhanced exciton dissociation and charge transport while reducing recombination losses. This work validates the feasibility of LBL processing for high-efficiency SMD:PA OSCs, offering a novel strategy to overcome the efficiency limitations of this class of OSCs.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.5c02041

Social Impact Assessment in Urban Security Management Projects: A Case Study from Pakistan

Dávid Fekete Eniko Varga Usman Ghani Peter Toth Zoltán Baracskai

Publication Name: Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 13

Issue: 1

Page Range: 33-56

Description:

Public safety and security management projects are devised to reduce crime, fear and calamities by prevailing law and order to reduce the harm in society. In a certain context, social impact assessment is a novel way to reveal the extent of effectiveness for these projects. This case study presents an Expert System based methodology regarding social impact assessment for two urban security management projects in Pakistan. An Expert System, DoctuS is employed as a tool to build a rule-based model tool using social impact attributes (as variables) from literature and expert knowledge (Author’s own insight as being involved in projects). Case-based reasoning (CBR) method is employed for the measurement of the impact of urban security management KPIs (Key Performance Indicators) in the two case projects. The empirical findings in this case study approaches the impact assessment by quantitative analysis of crime rates in JMP statistical package and Qualitative Expert knowledge-based model in DoctuS. Thereby, the study evaluates the pre and post ante project situations in order to assess the project’s effectiveness and impact on improved urban safety and security. In the first step, the projects are briefly described, followed by the crime rate analysis under the project jurisdictions and rules between attributes are defined. The second step defines the qualitative rule-based model along with the two cases described, and validated in DoctuS tool. Some attributes and rules have changed, and a new concise model is presented. The Expert System compares the project cases and evaluates the social impact assessment based on the defined KPIs. The Expert system validation presents a novel model for social impact assessment of subject urban security management projects. We propose this methodology and model as useful in investigating social impact assessment of projects specifically dealing with urban safety and security management. However, the generalizability of the findings of this case-study based articles need more sophisticated tests as recommendation for the extension to this study

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.36941/ajis-2024-0004

Morphological, phenological and molecular diversity of woodland grape (Vitis sylvestris gmel.) genotypes from the szigetkÖz, hungary

Gábor Koltai Gizella Jahnke János Májer Zóra Annamária Nagy Róbert Oláh

Publication Name: Mitteilungen Klosterneuburg

Publication Date: 2021-01-01

Volume: 71

Issue: 1

Page Range: 90-98

Description:

From 2012 to 2015 32 woodland grape genotypes were collected from the Szigetköz and the Fertő-Hanság National Park, Hungary, and ex-situ preserved in the gene bank of the NARIC Research Institute for Viticulture and Enology in Badacsony, Hungary. Phenological development stages based on the BBCH scale and ampelographic data according to 30 OIV descriptors were recorded. Isozyme and SSR analyses were carried out in the preserved genotypes, 18 Vitis vinifera varieties and 20 rootstocks were also analysed for comparison. Summarizing the results it can be estab-lished, that the ex-situ preserved genotypes are true-to-type woodland grapes, belonging to Vitis sylvestris Gmel. var. typica. Further quest, ex-situ and in-situ preservation and analyses of the Vitis sylvestris Gmel. germplasm in Hungary are needed.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: DOI not available

Artifacts of grid-based electron structure calculations

János Pipek Szilvia Nagy

Publication Name: Chemical Physics Letters

Publication Date: 2008-10-13

Volume: 464

Issue: 1-3

Page Range: 103-106

Description:

Electron structure calculations over equidistant grids represent physical observables by matrices usually chosen as the projection of the corresponding operator in the Schrödinger picture onto the subspace expanded by the basis set of the given grid resolution. It is shown that any matrix representation compatible with the translational symmetry of the lattice suffers from essential difficulties. Especially the momentum and related operators like the kinetic energy show anomalous behavior, moreover, the required canonical commutation relation can never be satisfied. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2008.08.091

Sustainability trends in the wine industry: Cognitive biases and methodological insights from a PRISMA review

Boglárka Eisingerné Balassa Agnes Csiba-Herczeg Réka Koteczki

Publication Name: Ecocycles

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 9

Issue: 3

Page Range: 90-102

Description:

Sustainability—the characteristic, property, and goal of every responsible, mature, rational, and environmentally sensitive organization—has gained undeniable and incredible traction in the wine industry over the last few decades, influencing wine-making procedures and packaging. Determined actors inside and outside the industry have identified key environmental concerns, such as energy efficiency or recycling, that support promoting a sustainable industry. To explore how sustainability is implemented in the wine sector, we, the authors of this paper, conducted a systematic literature review methodology. The PRISMA model served as our primary criteria for focusing the literature search and was utilized in its execution. Our study analyses thirty scholarly publications, which are categorized according to three primary themes: (1) Wineries and Sustainability; (2) Wineries and Cognitive Biases; and (3) Wineries and Sustainability and Cognitive Biases. The novelty of the study lies in its use of a systematic literature review (SLR) to investigate the complex interaction between wine, cognitive biases, and sustainability with a combined focus. The findings point to the understudied domain of consumers' cognitive biases regarding alternate wine packaging. Our results show that there is potential for improvement in the wine sector in terms of sustainable packaging and the consumer behavior of accepting or rejecting specific packaging options. These areas are considered worthy of future holistic approach investigation because alternative packaging is critical to making the industry more environmentally friendly. Still, if consumers cannot accept and purchase wine thus packaged, such raises further questions. Our study may be helpful to stakeholders in the wine sector as practitioners increasingly seek to incorporate and promote sustainable practices in their operations.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.19040/ecocycles.v9i3.376

The Transformation of Digital Culture and Learning Habits in Higher Education, Digital Methods and Tools

Mónika Rajcsányi-Molnár Attila Pongracz István András Jozsef Cserko Anikó Benyák Gyorgy Molnar

Publication Name: Cando EPE 2024 Proceedings IEEE 7th International Conference and Workshop Obuda on Electrical and Power Engineering

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 109-113

Description:

The rise of digital culture has fundamentally changed the way people learn in higher education. Online platforms, digital learning materials and various e-Iearning tools have become commonplace, significantly changing traditional learning methods. Access to information for students has never been easier: online courses, interactive videos and webinars allow flexible and personalised learning. At the same time, learners are moving from being passive recipients to active participants, as the use of interactive content and collaborative learning tools becomes more widespread. Digital methods offer new ways of acquiring and processing knowledge. Tools such as virtual reality (VR), artificial intelligence (AI)-based tutors and gamification-enhanced learning systems increase motivation and allow for a more personalised approach to learning materials. Higher education institutions are also increasingly open to innovation, with the introduction of online learning platforms and hybrid teaching models gaining ground. Through this transformation, higher education is no longer limited to classroom learning but is becoming a global process in the digital space. Our article explores these issues using our concrete tacit knowledge and experiences from higher education courses.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1109/CANDO-EPE65072.2024.10772883

Construction 4.0 organisational level challenges and solutions

Ilona Papp Roland Zsolt Szabó Orsolya Nagy

Publication Name: Sustainability Switzerland

Publication Date: 2021-11-01

Volume: 13

Issue: 21

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

The construction industry (CI) is ancient and has evolved along with humanity, yet it has become increasingly inefficient due to fragmentation, the use of traditional solutions and the lack of innovative technologies and methodologies which are no longer sustainable. The Fourth Industrial Revolution has started to transform this industry, and Construction 4.0 (C4) can advocate this change to become a more efficient cyber-physical ecosystem. However, technology alone will not solve all challenges. While research on C4 focuses mainly on technology, management also plays a key role. We asked experienced company executives for their opinions on the digital transformation in the CI. Research proves that it is not just a technology but primarily a management and strategic challenge.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/su132112321

Benefit evaluation model for gamified add-ons in business software

Ferenc Erdos Gábor Kallos

Publication Name: Acta Polytechnica Hungarica

Publication Date: 2014-01-01

Volume: 11

Issue: 5

Page Range: 109-124

Description:

Return on IT investment analysis has become a fundamental task of the finance function at corporations, let it be large multinational organizations or small and medium businesses (SME). Besides the cost analysis, the benefit analysis is also an essential component of economic calculations and decisions. Due to complicated profit calculations and estimation methods, the benefit of IT investments is less easily forecast and hence less frequently calculated than their costs. This study focuses on a special innovative type of IT investments, the gamified extensions of business software. Gamification, which refers to the use of game design elements in a non-gaming context, can expect big development in the field of business applications in the near future. Gamification features of business software generally enhance user experience, enabling people to do otherwise boring tasks. In the following we attempt to propose a sophisticated benefit evaluation model based on the hedonic wage model (HWM) and technology acceptance model (TAM) for this special type of IT projects.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: DOI not available

A Comprehensive Review of the Simulation Methods for Analysis at the Pore-scale

Balázs Vehovszky H. Szűcs Brian Sanders

Publication Name: Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 51

Issue: 2

Page Range: 105-116

Description:

Fluid flow through porous material is relevant in different fields of engineering, such as in engine and vehicle development, and can be supported through CFD simulation. Numerical simulations at the pore-scale can be used to replace or reduce expensive laboratory measurements. These methods offer a valuable opportunity to connect the pore-scale properties of the porous material with displacement processes on the continuum-scale. Furthermore, they allow researchers to specify crucial flow properties, e.g., capillary pressure, which are crucial for REV-scale research. Three main methods, direct numerical, pore network modeling, and hybrid approaches, are widely used in order to analyze the pore-scale mechanics of fluid flow behavior through porous materials with CFD simulations. The present comprehensive review demonstrates and highlights the significant advantages, disadvantages, and critical challenges in the pore-scale fluid flow simulations. The main challenges include the characterization of material properties, and up-scaling process from pore to continuum or field-scale.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3311/PPtr.18452