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Publications - 6515

Corporate Social Responsibility in the EU Regulation: With Special Focus on the SMEs

Adrienn Reisinger

Publication Name: Civil Szemle

Publication Date: 2024-09-18

Volume: 21

Issue: 4

Page Range: 111-131

Description:

The paper aims to introduce the milestones in the EU regulation on corporate social responsibility (CSR) in general with a special focus on small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). EU regulation is introduced based on EU documents and international and Hungarian literature. The debate about CSR began in the 1990s in Europe and after the turn of the millennium several papers, guidelines, and directives attempt to provide a common approach about it. However, CSR relates mainly to big companies still today, smaller firms can also implement CSR. Despite that research on SMEs’ CSR started after 2000, EU documents already highlighted from the beginning of the 2000s the importance of smaller companies as well, and in 2002 the European Commission drew up a strategy for SMEs. The paper illustrates not only the papers and SMEs’ role but also provides ideas about the sense of the EU regulation on CSR and collects the reasons why could it be beneficial to have a debate and approach about CSR at the EU level. The paper also presents some information about how the SMEs’ CSR features comply with interview research among SMEs in Győr, Hungary in 2021–2022. It is possible to believe that learning the European approach may contribute to thinking in a more integrated way about how to behave socially responsibly and how to manage social impact.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.62560/csz.2024.04.6

A Localized Version of the Method of Fundamental Solutions in a Multi-level Context

Csaba Gáspár

Publication Name: Periodica Polytechnica Civil Engineering

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 67

Issue: 3

Page Range: 716-724

Description:

The Method of Fundamental Solutions is applied to the Laplace equation. Instead of using the traditional approach with external source points and boundary collocation points, the original domain decomposed into a lot of smaller, overlapping subdomains, and the Method of Fundamental Solutions is used to the individual local subdomains. After eliminating the local source points, local schemes are obtained. Instead of constructing a global scheme, the local subproblems are solved sequentially, in an iterative way. This mimics a multiplicative Schwarz method with overlapping subdomains, which assures the convergence of the method. Combining the iteration with a simple Seidel-type method, the resulting iteration is used as a smoothing procedure of a multi-level method. The points belonging to the coarse and fine levels are defined by a quadtree-generated cell system controlled by the boundary of the original domain. The multi-level character of the obtained method makes it possible to reduce the necessary number of iterations, that is, the overall computational cost can be significantly reduced. Moreover, the solution of large and ill-conditioned systems is completely avoided. The method is illustrated through several numerical test examples.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3311/PPci.21535

Effect of Injection Molding Parameters on the Chemical Foaming of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) Using Breathing Mold Technology

Sándor K. Jakab G. Dogossy

Publication Name: Chemical Engineering Transactions

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 107

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 247-252

Description:

Manufacturers have to adapt very quickly to the accelerating world and use specialized machines for production to meet the demands. This also means that those machines are not used as often as their mass-producing counterparts and sometimes become obsolete. In the case of foaming with injection molding, a complicated system has to be built around the machine and has to be structured in a specific way, which is not always cost-efficient. In this paper, two methods of chemical foaming of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) were performed on a regular injection molding machine. Chemical Blowing Agent (CBA) and Expandable Microsphere (EMS) were used with breathing mold technology. Injection molding parameters were modified, and specimens were produced for mechanical and morphological examinations. Properly selected parameters for foaming play an important role in retaining the mechanical strength of the product. With low switch-over volume and using the core-back method, it is possible to foam ABS using a Chemical Blowing Agent.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3303/CET23107042

The utility of the ‘Arable Weeds and Management in Europe’ database: Challenges and opportunities of combining weed survey data at a European scale

Alicia Cirujeda Michael Glemnitz Jana Bürger Guillaume Fried Jevgenija Ņečajeva Lena Ulber Silvia Fogliatto Michaela Kolářová Eva Hernández Plaza Matthias Schumacher Bärbel Gerowitt G. Pinke Sandrine Petit Christoph Redwitz Helen Metcalfe Denise Fu Dostatny José Luis González-Andújar Francesco Vidotto Jordi Izquierdo

Publication Name: Weed Research

Publication Date: 2023-02-01

Volume: 63

Issue: 1

Page Range: 1-11

Description:

Over the last 30 years, many studies have surveyed weed vegetation on arable land. The ‘Arable Weeds and Management in Europe’ (AWME) database is a collection of 36 of these surveys and the associated management data. Here, we review the challenges associated with combining disparate datasets and explore some of the opportunities for future research that present themselves thanks to the AWME database. We present three case studies repeating previously published national scale analyses with data from a larger spatial extent. The case studies, originally done in France, Germany and the UK, explore various aspects of weed ecology (community composition, management and environmental effects and within-field distributions) and use a range of statistical techniques (canonical correspondence analysis, redundancy analysis and generalised linear mixed models) to demonstrate the utility and versatility of the AWME database. We demonstrate that (i) the standardisation of abundance data to a common measure, before the analysis of the combined dataset, has little impact on the outcome of the analyses, (ii) the increased extent of environmental or management gradients allows for greater confidence in conclusions and (iii) the main conclusions of analyses done at different spatial scales remain consistent. These case studies demonstrate the utility of a Europe-wide weed survey database, for clarifying or extending results obtained from studies at smaller scales. This Europe-wide data collection offers many more opportunities for analysis that could not be addressed in smaller datasets; including questions about the effects of climate change, macro-ecological and biogeographical issues related to weed diversity as well as the dominance or rarity of specific weeds in Europe.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1111/wre.12562

Would really long-only climate-transition strategies in commodities bring lower market risk for sustainable markets in the long run? The Islamic sustainable market versus the global sustainability leaders

Laszlo Vasa Mohammad Nasr Isfahani Mahdi Ghaemi Asl Diling Xiang

Publication Name: Economic Analysis and Policy

Publication Date: 2024-06-01

Volume: 82

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 1271-1295

Description:

By allocating investments towards commodities that align with climate-transition goals, environmentally conscious commodity investment strategies serve to promote and support sustainable markets, channeling capital towards sectors that prioritize environmental sustainability. Through the application of a quantile causality test, which examines the relationship between commodity-based strategies with a climate-transition focus and eco-friendly markets, over the period spanning from May 1, 2013, to May 25, 2023, our findings reveal a bi-directional causality relationship between different themes of sustainable markets and long-only climate-transition strategies in the commodity market across various market conditions. Furthermore, employing a quantile time-frequency connectedness approach allows us to discern that long-only climate-transition strategies in the commodity market exhibit lower long-run total connectedness with responsible and conscious markets compared to the short term. Consequently, these results suggest that transition-oriented strategies for commodities in a climate-conscious world not only mitigate market risk for regenerative markets in the long run but also indicate that different types of global sustainability leaders demonstrate a stronger connectedness with climate-transition strategies in commodities when compared to the Islamic sustainable market across a majority of quantiles and time horizons. In light of these findings, policymakers are urged to prioritize the long-term dimensions of climate-transition strategies in commodity markets by implementing new emission standards and environmental benchmarks. Additionally, the design and implementation of similar long-only climate-transition strategies in other markets would further enhance the long-term effectiveness of climate-conscious markets and foster stronger connections with responsible markets. our study underscores the significance of integrating climate-transition strategies into commodity markets and highlights their role in promoting sustainable and environmentally conscious investment practices. By directing investments towards climate-aligned commodities, policymakers and market participants can contribute to the long-term sustainability of global markets while fostering stronger connections between sustainable markets and climate-transition strategies in commodities.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/j.eap.2024.05.012

SELF-ASSESSMENT OR PEER ASSESSMENT? WHICH IS BETTER PREDICTOR OF TEST RESULTS

Nárcisz Kulcsár

Publication Name: Sefi 2023 51st Annual Conference of the European Society for Engineering Education Engineering Education for Sustainability Proceedings

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 703-709

Description:

Internationally accredited engineering programmes are becoming increasingly important in the internationalisation agenda of universities. ABET has highlighted transversal skills in its accreditation criteria for engineering degrees. Preferred transferable skills include the ability of students to reflect on their own performance, the ability to give constructive feedback and the ability to make judgements. Students' self- and peer-assessment was examined in the context of a basic mathematics course. During the maths midterm tests, students self-assessed on each task, and assessed another student's test. These assessments were compared with the points given by the teacher. 84% of students overestimated their actual performance and more than 60% of them overestimated their peer's performance, and both overestimations were low. According to students' opinion, peer assessment is as easy as self-assessment, it is not easier for them to spot mistakes in other people's work than in their own. The research results showed significant difference in the accuracy of peer and self-assessment, peer assessment is closer to teacher evaluation than self-assessment. Contrary to our previous research, now we did not find a significant correlation between students' performance and assessment accuracy in the first test. One reason for this may be that these students have failed this subject at least once. As further learning is only possible once we have identified what needs to be learned, the ability to assess the gained knowledge as accurately as possible is appreciating. In addition to meeting accreditation requirements, the different type of assessments' cognitive and affective effects on learning outcomes make it a good choice for classroom use.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.21427/HTNS-KS58

Development opportunities for mobile and ICT learning in teacher education

Szilvia Petzné Tóth Bernadett Éva Pápai József Reider

Publication Name: Annales Mathematicae Et Informaticae

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 59

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 131-145

Description:

Learning is nowadays a continuous intellectual readiness to be able to cope with the current needs of the world of work. Students’ knowledge must be adapted accordingly and they must be capable of continuous development throughout their lives [8]. Changes in teaching-learning habits have already been observed at the beginning of the 21st century and those involved in education need to adapt to these changes with the appropriate transition to digital education what is more important today than ever be-fore. We asked our teacher-candidate students in an online questionnaire at the beginning and at the end of the “Teaching Methods in Mathematics” course. Our non-representative survey provided valuable data for course de-velopment. The aim of the survey was to find out students’ perceptions of the methods and tools they had learned in education. In the questionnaire at the beginning of the semester, we inquired our students about the types of work and methods they were familiar with, and then they gave their opinions about the different ICT tools, educational programmes and applications and how they were used. At the end of the semester, we interwieved them again whether they still held similar views on the subject or they had managed to change their views during the course.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.33039/ami.2023.06.001

Validation Process of the Computer Simulation of a Test-Purpose Self-Driving Vehicle

Áron Ballagi Miklos Unger Rudolf Krecht

Publication Name: Iavvc 2023 IEEE International Automated Vehicle Validation Conference Proceedings

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

The aim of this article is to propose the initial validation steps for a test-purpose self-driving vehicle. The basis of the computer simulation in question is a passenger vehicle converted to be capable of specific self-driving tasks, meaning that it features a complete low-level control system, an onboard computer for high-level computation and a full sensor set consisting of laser scanners, lidars, cameras and GNSS receivers. The computer simulation of the described vehicle is created using the SVL Autonomous Vehicle Simulator and aims to completely model the behavior of the real transformed vehicle. To ensure the fidelity of the computer simulation, a set of comparative measurements are defined, which are realized using both the real vehicle and its computer simulation. The basis of comparison is, on one hand, the assessment of the vehicle control system by comparing control input and output, on the other hand, the comparison of onboard sensor measurement results.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1109/IAVVC57316.2023.10328107

Methodology and Realization of Indoor Pass-by Noise measurement for passenger cars

Balázs Vehovszky Zsolt Gaszner

Publication Name: Journal of Physics Conference Series

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 2677

Issue: 1

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Nowadays the protection of human life is extremely important, and for this purpose the vehicles must go through a homologation process before the introduction to market. If we look at the acoustical requirements, one of the most important test procedures is the Pass-by Noise (PBN) measurement, which defines the noise emission limit value, when the observer stands beside the vehicle passing him by. There are two versions: Exterior (or Outdoor) and Indoor (or In-room) Pass-by Noise (IPBN) measurement. Former is presently the only accepted method for homologation; however, environmental and weather conditions could strongly influence its feasibility. For this reason, IPBN got into focus, with better suitability for development purposes and the prospect, that it will be accepted later for the homologation process too. This paper focuses on the IPBN method: gives an overview on the setup and presents the details of a realized test-measurement campaign. Beside the 2 most important points: the measuring room and the position of the sensors, the measurement devices, vehicle location and connection to measurement system, the measuring program and the whole process are presented together with some preliminary results related to different characteristics of the vehicle.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/2677/1/012004